造山型矿床、成矿模式及找矿潜力
Orogenic-type deposits and their metallogenic model and exploration potential
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摘要: 提要：矿床新类型的识别往往导致大批矿床和成矿省的发现，预测和识别矿床新类型是矿床研究的重要任务之一。造山型金矿的普遍性和重要性已被世界范围的大量研究所证明，但其他矿种的造山型矿床却很少被涉及。笔者提出了造山型矿床的概念及其变质流体成矿的实质，建立了矿床、矿田和成矿省等不同尺度的造山型矿床成矿模式及其随时间演化的3阶段模式，强调会聚造山作用的挤压伸展转变期是大规模成矿时间，同造山成矿系统的特点是成矿年龄滞后于造山作用时间。通过矿床实例研究证明了造山型银矿床、铅锌矿床、铜矿床和钼矿床的客观存在，阐明了中国巨大的造山型矿床的勘查潜力，例证了运用矿田尺度成矿模式进行成矿预测的有效性和重要意义。Abstract: Abstract：Identification of a new type mineralization often leads to discovery of a great number of ore deposits and ore provinces. Predicting and identifying new type mineralizations is an important aim of ore deposit study. To date the majority of orogenic-type gold deposits has been well shown by worldwide studies. However, the other commodities of orogenic-type are rarely discussed. This paper addresses the concept of orogenic-type deposits which formed by fluid systems mainly sourced from metamorphic devolatilization. The paper also develops genetic models for orogenic deposits at various scales, including deposit-, orefield/terrain- and province/orogen-scales. The genetic models are linked to a three-stage tectonic evolution of convergent orogens. According to these models, the transition from compression to extension of thickened accretionary or/and collisional orogens is conducive to mineralizations; and the syn-orogenic ore-systems must be characteristically lagged behind compressional orogenesis. As case studies, orogenic-type silver, lead-zinc, molybdenum and copper deposits are reported in the paper. This implies that China has great potential for orogenic-type deposits. The logics and validity of the metallogenic models are evidenced by introduction of several successful ore deposit prediction.
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