中国大别山东南缘首次发现大坝陨坑构造
Discovery of the Daba meteorite crater on the southeastern margin of the Dabie Mountains, China
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摘要: 提要：简介首次在大别山东南缘安徽省境内发现的大坝陨坑构造。经初步评价，知陨坑呈椭圆形，长轴呈北北东向，长约19 km，短轴长约12 km，最大坑深约2 km，是一个有中央隆起区的复杂型陨坑。在卫片上陨坑显示环形影像，地貌形态为一洼地。陨坑基座保存尚好，可对它直观和追索陨坑构造边界。形成于230 Ma左右的各类撞击变质岩石系列齐全，其中含有柯石英等典型的撞击变质矿物及撞击碎理等超微构造，特别是在陨坑基座内壁普遍发现有鉴别陨坑构造最可靠的标志——干裂自角砾岩，都证明大坝环形影像是一个典型的陨星撞击坑构造。它的发现，具有很大的科学及经济意义，对今后褶皱山区寻找和研究陨坑构造具有示范和指导作用，同时大大丰富了建设大别山世界地质公园的地质依据。无庸置疑此发现将促进大别山旅游业的发展及陨星撞击科普知识的传播。Abstract: Abstract：This paper introduces a newly discovered meteorite crater in Daba on the southeastern margin of the Dabie Mountains in Anhui Province. Preliminary survey has revealed that the Daba meteorite crater is elliptic in shape with its major-axis oriented in a NNE direction, ~19 km long, and its minor-axis being ~12 km and the maximum depth being 2 km. This is a compound meteorite crater with a central uplift. The Daba crater has a circular image in satellite photos and shows a depression topographically. The base of the Daba meteorite crater is well preserved and its boundary may be directly observed and traced. All types of impact metamorphic rocks formed at ~230 Ma are well developed, of which there are rocks containing typical impact metamorphic minerals such as coesite and typical ultramicro-structures such as impact cataclastic structures and especially desiccation auto-breccia found structure commonly on the inner walls of the crater's base, which serves as the most reliable indication for indentifying the meteorite crater. All the evidence has confirmed that the Daba circular image is a typical meteorite crater structure. This new discovery is of great significance both scientifically and economically. A model may be constructed for guiding further search and investigation of meteorite craters in the folded mountainous areas. Meanwhile, it also greatly enriches the geological evidence for establishing the Dabie Global Geopark. This discovery will undoubtedly promote the development of tourism of the Dabie Mountains as well as popularization of knowledge of meteorite impact.
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