西藏雅江缝合带西段普兰蛇绿岩地幔橄榄岩成因:一种新认识
Petrogenesis of peridotites from the Purang ophiolite in the western part of Yarlung Zangbo suture zone, southern Tibet: A new perspective
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摘要: 提要:蛇绿岩中的地幔橄榄岩是蛇绿岩的重要组成部分,不仅记录了其所经历的板块构造事件,还可以探讨地幔的物质组成和深部地幔作用。位于雅江缝合带西段的普兰蛇绿岩以出露面积约600 km2的特大型地幔橄榄岩体而引人注目。为了探讨普兰蛇绿岩地幔橄榄岩的成因,本文在普兰地幔橄榄岩体的东段完成了一条穿过岩体的长约10 km的地质剖面,对地幔橄榄岩进行了系统采样,开展了详细矿物学、地球化学研究,取得以下主要进展和认识:(1)普兰地幔橄榄岩中的二辉橄榄岩经历了9%~15%的部分熔融作用,方辉橄榄岩最终经历了15%~25%的部分熔融作用;(2)基于橄榄石-尖晶石矿物化学平衡计算的普兰地幔橄榄岩氧逸度?log(fo2)FMQ值从-1.11到+0.45,略高于用V-Y含量估算出的氧逸度(在FMQ到FMQ-1趋势),指示其形成于还原环境;(3)普兰地幔橄榄岩不是简单的地幔残余,还经历了后期熔体交代作用。对普兰地幔橄榄岩交代产生类似“U”型稀土配分模式的熔体可能是洋中脊(MOR)环境产生的低融岩浆;(4)地幔橄榄岩地球化学特征及氧逸度计算结果表明,普兰地幔橄榄岩可能形成于洋中脊(MOR)环境,并没有俯冲带(SSZ)环境的印记。对于普兰地幔橄榄岩以及雅鲁藏布江缝合带其他岩体的成因,前人主要根据地幔橄榄岩一些元素的富集特征提出的MOR→SSZ两阶段演化模式需要重新审视。Abstract: Abstract: The ophiolitic peridotites constitute an important part of the ophiolite in that they not only record the experienced plate tectonic events but also offer help to discuss the composition of the mantle and the effect of the deep mantle. The Purang ophiolite located in the western part of Yarlung Zangbo suture zone is characterized by containing a large mantle peridotite massif ca.600km2 in area. In order to discuss the petrogenesis and tectonic significance of the Purang peridotite massif, the authors sampled a section of about 10 km across the massif in the eastern part of the Purang mantle peridotite massif. Based on a detailed field survey and mineralogical and geochemical analysis of systematically selected mantle peridotite samples, the authors have achieved some results: (1) The lithofacies distribution of the Purang ophiolite peridotites has been determined. The profile across the massif shows that harzburgites form the main part of the Purang peridotite massif, the harzburgites are mainly located within the peridotite massif, the banded lherzolites are mainly distributed at the edge of the peridotite massif, and the ratio of the exposed area of harzburgites to that of lherzolites is about 4:1; (2) Based on olivine-spinel associations and the formulae based on the reaction of 6Fe2SiO4+O2= 3Fe2Si2O6+2Fe3O4, the oxygen fugacity values have been calculated (?log(fo2)FMQ range from-1.11 to+0.45), which are significantly higher than the fO2 value obtained using the V content, indicating a reducing tectonic setting; (3) The Purang peridotites are not the simple residues of partial melting and might have experienced later melts metasomatism. According to the whole rock geochemistry and oxygen fugacity values, this paper argues that the later metasomatic melts were probably derived from the lower partial melting magma formed in a mid-ocean ridge setting; (4) The Purang ophiolite peridotites show similar bulk geochemical features and oxygen fugacity characteristics to the modern mid-ocean ridge abyssal peridotites. It is thus held that the Purang ophiolite peridotites formed in a mid-ocean ridge tectonic setting, without imprints of supra-subduction zone setting. The two stage evolution model (MOR→SSZ) of the peridotites from the Yarlung Zangbo suture zone needs to be reexamined.
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Keywords:
- peridotites /
- Purang ophiolite /
- Yarlung Zangbo suture zone /
- Tibet
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1. 研究目的(Objective)
碳酸钙是全球应用最广泛的非金属矿物材料之一,它不仅是建材、造纸、塑料、涂料、橡胶、油漆、冶金等行业的原料或改性功能材料,而且在日用化工、食品、医药、卫生保健等领域发挥着独特的作用。广西贺州大理岩矿产丰富,被誉为全国“重钙之都”,但石灰岩矿(轻质碳酸钙)勘查程度低,为了加快传统产业转型升级和新经济新业态转化培育,贺州市以粤港澳大湾区市场需求为引领,将重质碳酸钙领域拓展到轻质碳酸钙、氧化钙和氢氧化钙领域,构建绿色高端碳酸钙千亿元产业集群,本次在贺州市水声肚地区开展了石灰岩矿的勘查研究工作。
2. 研究方法(Methods)
通过开展详查工作,采用大比例尺地质填图圈定含矿层位;采用勘查线的布置形式,地表施工槽探、深部系统施工钻探揭露控制,最终通过全孔采样分析,圈定有色冶金熔剂用石灰岩矿体,估算资源量,实现了快速找矿突破。同时研究分析了水声肚矿区石灰岩矿体的主要赋矿层位,矿体规模、形态、产状、厚度、品位,矿石结构构造、矿物成分、化学成分、矿石类型,确定找矿标志。
3. 结果(Results)
通过项目实施,水声肚矿区熔剂用石灰岩矿的主要含矿层位为融县组下段(D3r1)和桂林组上段(D3g3)(图 1a)。融县组下段岩性为浅灰色-灰白色中厚层亮晶微晶粒屑灰岩夹纹层状含生物屑微晶灰岩,厚50~60 m;桂林组上段岩性为深灰色生物碎屑灰岩夹多层层孔虫灰岩,厚67~131 m。
通过系统工程控制和采样分析,圈出了①号熔剂用石灰岩主矿体,矿体走向延长约2350 m,倾向延长约1650 m,水平投影面积约2.05 km2。矿体剖面形态呈单斜厚大层状、板状(图 1b)。矿体平均倾向193°,平均倾角21°。通过45个钻孔施工,控制矿体厚度11.01~179.53 m,平均99.02 m。单工程品位:CaO 53.75%~54.84%,平均54.44%;MgO 0.52%~1.17%,平均0.75%;SiO2 0.20%~1.33%,平均0.48%。
矿石结构以生物碎屑(含层孔虫、腕足类)泥晶结构(图 1c)、微晶结构为主,构造主要为块状构造。矿石矿物成分主要为方解石(约98%),含少量的泥质(约2%)。据组合分析结果:Al2O3平均含量0.24%;Fe2O3平均含量0.08%;S平均含量0.022%;P平均含量0.0019%;烧失量平均43.57%。表明矿区熔剂用石灰岩有害组分含量极低。矿石工业类型为有色冶金熔剂用石灰岩,均达一级品,部分达特级品。
4. 结论(Conclusions)
(1) 本次勘查在水声肚矿区新发现超大型有色冶金熔剂用石灰岩矿床,共估算石灰岩矿石资源量(控制+推断)为72956.46万t,矿区北部直接出露地表的石灰岩矿石量超2亿t,为贺州市碳酸钙产业转型升级提供资源保障,也为贺州市创建“广西东融先行示范区”迈开了加速步伐。
(2) 确定水声肚地区有色冶金熔剂用石灰岩矿的主要赋矿层位为融县组下段和桂林组上段。
5. 致谢(Acknowledgements)
项目实施过程中得到了广西贺州市自然资源局的大力支持,谨此表示感谢。
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