Spare no efforts to create a great achievement with overall influence—Fruitful progress in the compilation of Regional Geology of China
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摘要: 中国区域地质志项目实施8年以来,已启动24个省级和2个区级地质志的编纂工作,其中11个省级地质经完成并通过验收,即将出版面世。通过编纂地质志,对编志地区以及全国地质进行了大综合、大集成,取得若新性成果:前寒武纪地质研究获重大突破;重新厘定了一些地区和全国地层系统;分析总结了岩浆岩时空分布规进行了构造区划,深化了中国地质构造的认识;发现典型的洋盆地层系统;成功进行了三维立体地质图的编点。志书的编纂完成,将为中国地质工作和国家经济社会发展提供一套具有宏观影响的基础地质系列丛书。Abstract: The project for compilation of Regional Geology of China has been implemented for eight years, and the work has been carried out at the provincial and regional level, covering twenty-four provinces and two autonomous regions. During this period, the compilation work for eleven provinces was completed and has passed the check acceptance, and the results are to be published soon. The compilation is a huge comprehensive and integrated work for these regions or even for whole China. Some innovative achievements have been gained: Precambrian geology research has got major breakthrough; some regional and national stratigraphic systems have been reclassified; the spatial-temporal distribution of magmatic rocks has been analyzed and summarized; the tectonic units have been divided and, as a result, the understanding of the geological structure of China has been deepened; the typical oceanic-basin stratigraphic systems have been detected; the three-dimensional geological map has been successfully compiled. The completion of the project for compilation of Regional Geology of China will provide a series of basic geological monographs which are expected to exert tremendous influence on China's geological work as well as on national economy and social development.
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Keywords:
- Regional Geology of China /
- initial achievements /
- new progress
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1. 研究目的（Objective）
勘探实践证明，志留系是我国目前最为有利、最有前景的页岩气勘探开发层系，已在四川盆地的涪陵、长宁—威远等地区取得了页岩气重大突破，进入商业开发阶段。基础地质调查表明，四川盆地周缘地区志留系黑色页岩发育，尤其是鄂西—渝东北地区，志留系底部龙马溪组富含笔石黑色页岩发育，厚度大，页岩有机质丰度高，生烃潜力大。20世纪80年代以来，中石化、中石油实施的常规油气钻井，在志留系龙马溪组均见到了不同程度的页岩气显示，展示了其良好的页岩气勘探前景，但目前尚未取得突破性的进展。
2. 研究方法（Methods）
通过野外地质调查、老井复查、分析测试及综合研究，结合区域构造特征、岩相古地理、目的层埋深等条件，对鄂西—渝东北地区志留系龙马溪组页岩气成藏地质条件进行了系统的研究，以保存条件为核心，优选鄂西建始—巴东志留系页岩气勘查有利区，在建始龙坪背斜南翼部署实施了1口地质调查井——建地1井，全井段进行了取心、气测录井，和测井工作。通过对建地1井志留系龙马溪组、新滩组、罗惹坪组岩心样品进行系统采样，测试了有机地化、岩石矿物学、储层物性和含气性等评价参数，建立了志留系页岩气综合地质剖面。
3. 研究结果（Results）
建地1井钻探资料揭示志留系自上而下发育纱帽组、罗惹坪组、新滩组和龙马溪组。其中龙马溪组和下伏上奥陶统五峰组为一套富含笔石的黑色页岩，厚度为43.7 m。实验测试分析表明，五峰—龙马溪组页岩有机质丰度高，介于0.2% ~11.24%，平均为4.39%，其中TOC>2%的页岩厚度至少25 m，主要位于龙马溪组底部和五峰组（图 1）。页岩有机质类型为Ⅰ-Ⅱ1型，热成熟度（Ro）介于2.5%~2.9%，处于过成熟早期阶段。新滩组为一套薄—中层状灰色—深灰色粉砂岩或泥质粉砂岩。岩心储层物性研究数据表明，粉砂岩孔隙度介于5.6%~11.24%，储层空气渗透率介于0.0455~1.6712 mD，平均为0.777 mD，为典型的致密砂岩储层。其上覆罗惹坪组为一套厚层状深灰绿色泥岩，渗透率普遍低于10-6mD。综合以上，建始地区志留系发育一套五峰—龙马溪组（生）-新滩组（储）-罗惹坪组（盖）致密砂岩气的生储盖组合，具有龙马溪组页岩气、新滩组致密砂岩气同生共存的成藏组合。
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图 1 建地1井志留系综合柱状图Figure 1. Comprehensive columnar section of the Silurian strata in Jiandi 1 well建地1井随钻气测录井资料显示，该井钻至1345 m下志留统新滩组深灰色泥页岩地层时，气测全烃0.09%↑21.5%，甲烷0.087%↑19.89%，现场泥浆脱离气点火成功。其中1190~1738 m全烃异常值大于大于2%的地层累计厚93 m（图 1），综合解释为含气层。这是鄂西—渝东北复杂构造区志留系首次获得致密砂岩气发现，有望打开该地区油气勘探开发新局面。另外，该井钻至井深1738.55~1782.25 m五峰龙马溪组黑色页岩时，全烃异常值0.93%~ 11.07%，甲烷0.55%~9.70%。黑色页岩富含笔石化石，岩心浸水气泡明显，21个岩心样品现场解析含气量平均达0.92 m3（不含损失气、残余气）。建地1井钻探证实了建始地区志留系具有致密砂岩气和页岩气兼探合采的勘查开发前景。
4. 结论（Conclusions）
（1）建地1井钻探揭示湖北建始地区发育一套五峰—龙马溪组（生）-新滩组（储）-罗惹坪组（盖）的致密砂岩气生储盖组合。五峰—龙马溪组富有机质页岩厚度大、有机质丰度高，热成熟度适中，生烃能力好；新滩组为典型的致密砂岩储层。志留系具有龙马溪组页岩气、新滩组致密砂岩气共存的特点。
（2）随钻气测录井资料显示，建地1井新滩组致密砂岩储层、五峰—龙马溪组页岩储层均见到良好的油气显示，揭示建始地区志留系具有致密砂岩气和页岩气兼探合采的勘查开发前景。
5. 致谢（Acknowledgement）
本文为中国地质调查项目鄂西页岩气示范基地拓展区战略调查（DD20189812）资助的成果。感谢翟刚毅、石砥石教授级高工的指导和帮助。
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