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摘要:
苏德尔特构造带是海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷的重要油气聚集带之一。使用平衡剖面技术和基于斜向剪切模型的人字形桁架法对苏德尔特构造带及其两侧的贝西断陷和贝中断陷进行了详细的构造几何学和运动学解析，认为在南屯期近SN向伸展，形成近EW向断陷盆地群之后，又叠加了大磨拐河组早期的短时间NW向伸展，以及此后的坳陷沉降，才形成了苏德尔特构造带特殊的构造样式。贝中断陷的东侧边界断层是整个贝尔凹陷在大磨拐河组早期伸展的主干边界断层，并且断层面具有坡坪式特征。苏德尔特构造带是发育于第一阶断坪上部的“滚动背斜”，是重力和边界断层几何形态共同控制的结果，形成机制属于重力影响下的横弯褶皱作用，而非侧向挤压引起的纵弯褶皱作用。
Abstract:The Sudeerte tectonic belt is one of the most important hydrocarbon accumulations in Beier depression of Hailar basin. From the detailed structural geometry and kinematics analysis of Sudeerte tectonic belt and peripheral Beixi subdepression and Beizhong subdepression using balanced section technique and herringbone truss method based on inclined shear model, the authors detected that the special structure style was caused by a series of extensions:the direction of extension in Nantun Formation was nearly NW-striking, forming an EW-trending rift basin group, then the direction changed to northwest in a short period of early Damoguaihe Formation stretching and continued thermal depression to the present. The boundary faults in the east of Beizhong subdepression were the major boundary faults of Beier depression in the extension of early Damoguaihe Formation, and show a ramp-flat listric feature. Sudeerte tectonic belt is "roll-over anticline" formed in the upper part of the first fault floor due to the combined effect of gravity and geometry of boundary fault. It is thus held that the mechanism of anticline type of Sudeerte tectonic belt is bending fold rather than buckle fold.
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1. 研究目的（Objective）
甘肃省高台县大青山地区地处阿拉善地块龙首山基底杂岩带，位于酒东盆地马营凹陷东段山前沉积盆地北缘（图 1a）。区内主要出露有古元古界—新太古界龙首山岩群、中元古界蓟县系墩子沟群、海西期侵入岩、侏罗系龙凤山组和白垩系庙沟组（图 1b）。
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图 1 甘肃省高台县大青山地区大地构造位置图（a）、区域地质图（b）以及ZK1201岩性柱状图（c），含油气岩心照片（d-g）和油气成藏模式图（h）Figure 1. Tectonic location (a), regional geological map(b), lithology column(c) and drill photos of ZK1201 (d-g), hydrocarbon accumulation pattern (h) in the Daqingshan area of Gaotai County, Gansu Province为实现研究区金属资源和油气资源的综合调查，中国地质调查局发展研究中心联合甘肃省地调院、探矿工程所、吉林大学在前期“甘肃省高台县臭泥墩—西小口子地区三幅1∶5万矿产远景调查”项目基础上，通过开展专题地质填图、矿产综合信息预测、智能找矿预测等工作，部署实施钻孔ZK1201，以期实现找矿突破。
2. 研究方法（Methods）
利用研究区地质调查、磁法、激电测深、化探数据和无人机影像等资料，开展综合信息解译。采用卷积和孪生网络神经网络模型对区内典型金属矿床成矿作用特征标志、油气赋矿层位进行深度学习，提出工程验证建议。钻探验证所采用钻机为汽车钻，整机包括车底盘、动力系统、液压系统、操控系统等。
3. 结果（Results）
在综合研究和智能预测的基础上，布设的ZK1201孔在钻穿早二叠世花岗闪长岩（图 1c）后，钻遇地层，续钻至393.8 m后终孔（图 1c）。此次工作共钻遇中侏罗统龙凤山组地层220 m，共发现14层油层（总厚145 m，单层最大厚度28 m，最小厚度1.4 m）。钻孔含油性由上部砾岩（油斑级以下）向下部砂岩（富含油或饱含油）逐渐增多，其中高角度裂缝普遍见可流动原油（图 1d~g）。经国家地质实验测试中心分析，原油中饱和烃、芳烃含量分别占32.4%和34.6%，为高品质轻质原油。原油中正构烷烃分布完整，主峰碳数、奇偶优势及甾烷和藿烷分布都指示其陆相烃源岩来源。
野外地质调查发现，白垩系庙沟组近水平发育，与下伏侏罗系龙凤山组呈角度不整合接触。庙沟组主要由厚层暗色泥岩组成，并发育薄层暗色粉砂质泥岩，可能为区域烃源岩层。初步判断成熟的烃源岩排出的油气沿角度不整合运移至侏罗系砂砾岩和砂岩储层后，被逆冲推覆花岗岩体封闭，形成构造-岩性油气藏（图 1h）。
研究发现区域内沉积盆地最南缘边界处在祁连山北缘断裂之下，最北缘处在龙首山断裂的下盘，南北跨度约80 km。区域内沉积地层较厚，其中侏罗系龙凤山组厚约2100 m，白垩系庙沟组厚约900 m，说明研究区具有较大的成藏潜力。此次油气藏的发现，预示着大青山地区具有完整的油气成藏系统，显示出良好油气勘探前景。建议进一步加强油气基础地质调查研究工作。
4. 结论（Conclusions）
（1）在大青山地区花岗岩逆冲推覆体之下的中生代沉积地层中发现原油，所发现的高品质轻质原油，具陆相烃源岩来源特征。
（2）研究区具有良好的油气勘探前景，建议进一步加强油气地质调查研究工作。
5. 致谢（Acknowledgement）
感谢甘肃省地质调查院董国强，北京探矿工程研究所渠洪杰、谭春亮以及国家实验测试中心沈斌在野外工作和样品测试过程中的协助。
致谢: 感谢审稿专家提出的宝贵修改意见。 -
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图 5 桁架法确定主干边界断层深部形态
Figure 5. Major boundary fault trajectory as predicted by Chevron construction
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图 6 铲式正断层和坡坪式正断层上盘沉积凹陷的理想演化模式
Figure 6. Conceptual diagram showing the evolution of the sedimentary sags in the hanging-walls of listric and ramp-flat normal faults
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图 8 贝尔凹陷L1664测线构造演化剖面（e为伸展率）
Figure 8. Tectonic evolution sections across the seismic line of L1664 in Beier Depression (e is extension ratio)
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图 9 贝尔凹陷1920测线构造演化剖面（e为伸展率）
Figure 9. Tectonic evolution sections across the seismic line of L1920 in Beier Depression (e is extension ratio)
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图 10 过孔店凸起的联合剖面[38]
a-K85-138测线；b-K85-120测线；N+Q—新近和第四系；Es1+Ed—沙一段和东营组；Es2+3—沙二、三段；Ek1—孔一段；Ek2-3—孔二、三段
Figure 10. Geological cross-sections across Kongdian arch[38]
a-Line K85-138; b-Line K85-120; N+Q—Neogene and Quaternary; Es1+Ed—Member 1 of Shahejie Formation and Dongying Formation; Es2+3—Member 2 and 3 of Shahejie Formation; Ek1—Member 1 of Kongdian Formation; Ek2-3—Member 2 and 3 of Kongdian Formation
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