The sedimentary evidence for the existence of unified basin in Early Cretaceous in Dasanjiang basin group, Northeast China
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摘要:
大三江盆地群位于黑龙江省东部，中生代以来经历了多期构造运动，形成现今各自分割的10余个残余盆地。由于缺乏关键性证据，前人对大三江地区早白垩世是否存在统一湖盆存在争议。本次研究通过野外地质调查和钻井岩心观察，认为盆地总体缺乏边缘相沉积，并且主要以三角洲平原亚相和滨浅湖亚相为主。古水流恢复和重矿物特征显示，研究区主要存在西部和西北部、东部以及东南部三大物源体系，并且平面上具有由四周向中心汇聚的特征。地震资料反射特征显示下白垩统具有典型的断陷-坳陷复合结构，坳陷时期地层由各盆地中心至边部未出现明显的地层减薄现象，现今的盆地边界断裂多为后期对盆地进行改造、破坏的逆冲断裂。这些证据都是对大三江地区早白垩世存在统一湖盆的有力支撑。本研究不仅能为大三江盆地群原型盆地的恢复提供重要依据，也将为东北盆地群油气资源远景评价和进一步的勘探部署提供参考。
Abstract:Located in eastern Heilongjiang Province, the Dasanjiang basin group has experienced multiphase tectonic movement since Mesozoic, and formed a dozen of separated residual basins. Due to the lack of key evidence, there exists controversy concerning existence or nonexistence of a unified basin in Dasanjiang area during the early Cretaceous. The field geological survey and drilling core observation show that the basin lacks marginal facies, and is dominated by the delta plain subfacies and shore shallow lake subfacies. Paleocurrent recovery and heavy mineral characteristics show that the study area mainly has three major provenances existent respectively in the west and northwest, east and southeast, concentrated from the periphery to the center in space. The seismic reflection characteristics show that the lower Cretaceous strata have typical faulted-depression composite structure, and at the same time, the strata of the basin did not show obvious thinning from the center to the edge during the depression period. So the boundary faults of the basin mostly should be thrust faults which reformed the basin in later period. All the evidence strongly support the argument that the Dasanjiang area was a unified basin in the early Cretaceous. The results obtained by the authors provide an important basis for the restoration of prototype basin of Dasanjiang basin group and also offer a reference for the oil and gas resources substitution and exploration in Northeast China.
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Keywords:
- Dasanjiang basin group /
- Northeast China /
- unified basin /
- early Cretaceous /
- sedimentation evidence
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1. 研究目的（Objective）
甘肃省高台县大青山地区地处阿拉善地块龙首山基底杂岩带，位于酒东盆地马营凹陷东段山前沉积盆地北缘（图 1a）。区内主要出露有古元古界—新太古界龙首山岩群、中元古界蓟县系墩子沟群、海西期侵入岩、侏罗系龙凤山组和白垩系庙沟组（图 1b）。
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图 1 甘肃省高台县大青山地区大地构造位置图（a）、区域地质图（b）以及ZK1201岩性柱状图（c），含油气岩心照片（d-g）和油气成藏模式图（h）Figure 1. Tectonic location (a), regional geological map(b), lithology column(c) and drill photos of ZK1201 (d-g), hydrocarbon accumulation pattern (h) in the Daqingshan area of Gaotai County, Gansu Province为实现研究区金属资源和油气资源的综合调查，中国地质调查局发展研究中心联合甘肃省地调院、探矿工程所、吉林大学在前期“甘肃省高台县臭泥墩—西小口子地区三幅1∶5万矿产远景调查”项目基础上，通过开展专题地质填图、矿产综合信息预测、智能找矿预测等工作，部署实施钻孔ZK1201，以期实现找矿突破。
2. 研究方法（Methods）
利用研究区地质调查、磁法、激电测深、化探数据和无人机影像等资料，开展综合信息解译。采用卷积和孪生网络神经网络模型对区内典型金属矿床成矿作用特征标志、油气赋矿层位进行深度学习，提出工程验证建议。钻探验证所采用钻机为汽车钻，整机包括车底盘、动力系统、液压系统、操控系统等。
3. 结果（Results）
在综合研究和智能预测的基础上，布设的ZK1201孔在钻穿早二叠世花岗闪长岩（图 1c）后，钻遇地层，续钻至393.8 m后终孔（图 1c）。此次工作共钻遇中侏罗统龙凤山组地层220 m，共发现14层油层（总厚145 m，单层最大厚度28 m，最小厚度1.4 m）。钻孔含油性由上部砾岩（油斑级以下）向下部砂岩（富含油或饱含油）逐渐增多，其中高角度裂缝普遍见可流动原油（图 1d~g）。经国家地质实验测试中心分析，原油中饱和烃、芳烃含量分别占32.4%和34.6%，为高品质轻质原油。原油中正构烷烃分布完整，主峰碳数、奇偶优势及甾烷和藿烷分布都指示其陆相烃源岩来源。
野外地质调查发现，白垩系庙沟组近水平发育，与下伏侏罗系龙凤山组呈角度不整合接触。庙沟组主要由厚层暗色泥岩组成，并发育薄层暗色粉砂质泥岩，可能为区域烃源岩层。初步判断成熟的烃源岩排出的油气沿角度不整合运移至侏罗系砂砾岩和砂岩储层后，被逆冲推覆花岗岩体封闭，形成构造-岩性油气藏（图 1h）。
研究发现区域内沉积盆地最南缘边界处在祁连山北缘断裂之下，最北缘处在龙首山断裂的下盘，南北跨度约80 km。区域内沉积地层较厚，其中侏罗系龙凤山组厚约2100 m，白垩系庙沟组厚约900 m，说明研究区具有较大的成藏潜力。此次油气藏的发现，预示着大青山地区具有完整的油气成藏系统，显示出良好油气勘探前景。建议进一步加强油气基础地质调查研究工作。
4. 结论（Conclusions）
（1）在大青山地区花岗岩逆冲推覆体之下的中生代沉积地层中发现原油，所发现的高品质轻质原油，具陆相烃源岩来源特征。
（2）研究区具有良好的油气勘探前景，建议进一步加强油气地质调查研究工作。
5. 致谢（Acknowledgement）
感谢甘肃省地质调查院董国强，北京探矿工程研究所渠洪杰、谭春亮以及国家实验测试中心沈斌在野外工作和样品测试过程中的协助。
致谢: 感谢审稿专家提出的宝贵修改意见！ -
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图 2 林口盆地穆棱组冲积扇相露头剖面
Figure 2. Alluvial fan outcrops of Muling Formation in Linkou basin
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图 3 大三江盆地群早白垩世城子河组岩性组合特征
Figure 3. Lithologic characteristics of Early Cretaceous Chengzihe Formation in Dasanjiang basin group
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图 4 大三江盆地群城子河组、穆棱组古水流方向
（资料来自野外实测及前人成果资料❶）
Figure 4. Palaeocurrents of Chengzihe and Muling Formation in Dasanjiang basin group
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图 6 大三江盆地群下白垩统地层反射特征
a—三江盆地穿过盆地西部边界地震测线解释剖面；b—鸡西盆地穿过盆地北部边界地震测线解释剖面
Figure 6. Lower Cretaceous strata reflection characteristics in Dasanjiang basin group
a-Interpretation section of seismic survey line in the west of Sanjiang basin; b-Interpretation section of seismic survey line in the north of Jixi basin
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图 7 大三江盆地群早白垩世城子河组、穆棱组残余地层分布范围
Figure 7. Residual stratigraphic distribution of Lower Cretaceous Chengzihe and Muling Formation in Dasanjiang basin group
表 1 大三江盆地群主要盆地地层充填序列
Table 1 Stratigraphic sequence of the main basins in Dasanjiang basin group
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