The metallogenic age of the Gaojiazhuang polymetallic deposit in Zhangjiakou area and its geological implications
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摘要:
太行山北东向构造-岩浆岩带中发育有多个燕山期酸性岩体，目前已发现的多金属及贵金属矿床与燕山期岩体有着密切的成因联系。本文对分布于大河南岩体北西侧的高家庄多金属矿床采用硫化物Rb-Sr法进行了同位素定年，（144.5±1.4）Ma等时线测年结果与采用锆石U-Pb法确定的大河南岩体形成时代接近；此外，矿床硫化物的初始锶同位素比值为0.7122～0.7123，显示成矿物质来源以壳源为主。这与大河南岩体主要为陆壳物质部分熔融形成的认识相一致，即高家庄多金属矿床在成矿物质来源上与大河南岩体的形成与演化之间具有密切的成因联系。大河南岩体的形成时限与区内多金属矿床形成时限与中国东部第二次大规模成矿期一致，此时区内地球动力学环境正处于主应力场由近南北向转换到近东西向的构造体制大转折时期。在此独特的成矿背景下，深熔作用形成的花岗质岩浆沿NNE向与原EW向断裂交汇处侵位。花岗质岩浆高侵位但未发生喷发作用，使挥发组分和成矿元素得以保存，从而为大规模成矿作用提供了必须的热、流体、挥发组分和成矿元素。
Abstract:There are many Yanshanian acid intrusive bodies located in the northeast structural-magmatic belt of Taihang Mountain. The currently discovered polymetallic deposits and precious metal ore deposits are genetically related to the acid rocks of Yanshanian epoch. This study provides the metallogenic age of the Gaojiazhuang polymetallic deposit by means of Rb-Sr isotopic dating. The deposit is located on the northwestern margin of the Dahenan rock mass. Isochron age of (144.5±1.4)Ma is close to the formation age of Dahenan rock mass shown by zircon (U-Pb). Initial Sr isotope ratios (0.7122-0.7123), suggesting that the ore materials of the deposit were derived from the rock mass mainly formed by partial melting magma of crust-derived materials. It is shown that the evolution of Dahenan rock mass controlled the formation of polymetallic deposits in the study area. The metallogenic age of the Gaojiazhuang polymetallic deposit is consistent with the age of the second large-scale mineralization epoch in eastern China, with the geodynamic setting belonging to the tectonic regime transition period. In this unique metallogenic background, the emplacement of granitic magma took place along the intersection of NNE-striking and EW-trending faults. This process provided the necessary heat, fluid, volatile components and metallogenic elements for large-scale metallogeny.
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Keywords:
- metallogenic ages /
- Dahenan rock mass /
- polymetallic deposit
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1. 研究目的（Objective）
松科二井，获取了从基底—火石岭组—沙河子组—营城组—登娄库组下部连续完整的原位岩心。本文对松科二井沙河子组上部的孢粉化石进行研究，为研究白垩纪地球温室气候和环境变化，建立服务“百年大庆”目标和基础地质研究的“金柱子”提供基础资料。
2. 研究方法（Methods）
孢粉样品采自松科二井3395.46~3901.35 m，岩性为黑色、灰黑色泥岩、粉砂质泥岩，层位为沙河子组上部。孢粉分析鉴定在吉林大学古生物学与地层学研究中心完成，具体过程为：每个样品取过筛的干样50 g，进行盐酸→氢氟酸→氢氧化钾→盐酸→硝酸→氢氧化钾→盐酸等分析处理，用筛选法将样品中的孢粉化石集中在试管中，制2个固定片在生物显微镜下鉴定。
3. 研究结果（Results）
依据松科二井3395.46~3901.35 m井段的孢粉化石演化特征，划分出两个孢粉组合。
（1）Leiotriletes sp.- Cyathidites australis - Chasmatosporites sp.组合（简称LCC组合），分布在3832.94~3901.35m井段。蕨类孢子占绝对优势，裸子类花粉较低，未见被子类花粉。蕨类孢子含量最高的是Cyathidites australis，其次是Leiotriletes sp.和Cyclogranisporites sp.，有时代意义的还有Cicatricosisporites exilis、C. minutaestriatus、C. splendidus、C.australiensis、Klukisporites sp.、Maculatisporites sp.、Triporoletes singularis、Trilobosporites tribotrys、Aequitriradites sp.和Polycingulatisporites reduncus等；裸子类花粉含量最高的是Chasmatosporites sp.，其次是Psophosphaera sp.，有时代意义的类型有Parvisaccites sp.、Erlianpollis minisculus、Paleoconifersp.、Pseudowalchia sp.和Classopollis sp.等。
（2）Klukisporites triangulus- Aequitriradites sp.- Pristinuspollenites sp.组合（简称KAP组合），分布在3395.46~3613.62 m井段。裸子类花粉百分含量（53.03%~72.13%）较高，其次为蕨类孢子（27.87% ~46.97%），未见到被子类花粉。裸子类花粉中含量最高的是Alisporites parvus，其次是Piceaepollenites sp.，含量较高的类型还有Chasmatosporites sp.、Pinuspollenites divulgatus和P. sp.等，有时代意义的还有Parvisaccites otagoensis、Erlianpollis minisculus、E. mediocris、Jiaohepollis sp.和Classopollis classoides等。蕨类孢子含量最高的是Klukisporites sp.，其次是Leiotriletes sp.和Cyathidites australis，含量较高的类型还有Cyclogranisporites sp.等，有时代意义的有Cicatricosisporites exilis、C.apiteretus、C. australiensis、Klukisporites triangulus、K.variegatus、Pilosisporites scitulus、Impardecispora sp.、Levisporites wulinensis、Triporoletes singularis、Trilobosporites humilis、Aequitriradites sp.和Schizaeoisporites sp.等。
含有早白垩世特有或在早白垩世繁盛的分子：Cicatricosisporites、Klukisporites、Pilosisporites、Maculatisporites、Impardecispora、Levisporites、Triporoletes、Trilobosporites、Aequitriradites、Schizaeoisporites、Polycingulatisporites、Parvisaccites、Paleoconiferus、Erlianpollis、Foveotriletes.和Classopollis等（图 1）。
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图 1 松科二井沙河子组部分孢粉化石（1-Cicatricosisporites exilis，样品号：SK2-375；2. -Cicatricosisporites minutaestriatus，标品号：SK2-385；3-Cicatricosisporites splendidus，标品号：SK2-385；4-Cicatricosisporites australiensis，样品号(sample number)：SK2-375；5-Levisporites wulinensis，样品号(sample number)：SK2-205；6. Aequitriradites sp.，样品号(sample number)：SK2-389; 7-Trilobosporites tribotrys，样品号(sample number)：SK2-389；8- Classopollis classoides，标品号：SK2-97；9-Erlianpollis minisculus，样品号(number)：SK2-395; 10. Parvisaccites sp.，样品号：SK2-395；11. Pilosisporites scitulus，标品号：SK2-201；12-Triporoletes asper，标品号(specimen number)：SK2-219；13. Foveotriletes subtriangulularis，样品号：SK2-219；14-Klukisporites triangulus，样品号(sample number)：SK2-205；15-Impardecispora sp.，样品号：SK2-201; 16-Schizaeoisporites polaris，样品号：SK2-173；17-Polycingulatisporites reduncus，标品号：SK2-395；18-Maculatisporites sp.，样品号：SK2-391。19-Chasmatosporites sp.，样品号：SK2-389; 20-Paleoconiferae sp.，样品号(sample number)：SK2-391;线段比例尺为10 μm, the scale of the line segment is 10 μm）Figure 1. Spores and pollen from the Lower Cretaceous Shahezi Formation in Well SK2上述2个孢粉组合分布在，属沙河子组上部，LCC组合蕨类孢子百分含量占绝对优势，裸子类花粉较少，从组合特点来看，可以与高瑞琪等人建立的沙河子组上部Granulatisporites-Lophotriletes-Cicatricosisporites组合大致对比，但上部的KAP组合层位显然高于高瑞琪等人建立的孢粉组合。与高瑞琪等人建立的孢粉组合相比，当前孢粉组合出现的有时代意义的孢粉类型更多且时代更新。
4. 结论（Conclusions）
两个孢粉组合海金砂科孢子繁盛，类型多样化，没有发现早期被子植物花粉；虽在蕨类孢子与裸子类花粉的百分含量及属种构成上明显不同，但出现的有时代意义的化石类型基本相同，其时代均为早白垩世早期。
5. 致谢（Acknowledgement）
本文为国家自然科学基金项目（41790451)和中国地质调查局项目（DD20190097）共同资助。孢粉化石由张淑琴研究员鉴定。
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图 1 研究区区域地质图（据1:5万图幅修编）
1—第四系；2—张家口组一段；3—张家口组二段；4—髫髻山组一段；5—下马岭组二段；6—下马岭组一段；7—铁岭组二段；8—铁岭组一段；9—洪水庄组；10—雾迷山组四段；11—雾迷山组三段；12—雾迷山组二段；13—塔尔洼单元中粒多斑黑云石英二长岩；14—水关口单元中粒二长花岗岩；15—粗安岩；16—流纹岩；17—花岗斑岩；18—闪长岩脉；19—石英正长斑岩脉；20—地层界线；21—断层；22—多金属矿床
Figure 1. Regional geological map of the Gaojiazhuang ore district (modified after 1:50000 geological map)
1-Quaternary; 2-1st member of Zhangjiakou Formation; 3-2nd member of Zhangjiakou Formation; 4-1st member of Tiaojishan Formation; 5-2nd member of Xiamaling Formation of Qingbaikou System; 6-1st member of Xiamaling Formation of Qingbaikou System; 7-2nd member of Tielingzu Formation of Jixian System; 8-1st member of Tielingzu Formation of Jixian System; 9-Hongshuizhuang Formation of Jixian System; 10-4th member of Wumishan Formation of Jixian System; 11-3th member of Wumishan Formation of Jixian System; 12-2nd member of Wumishan Formation of Jixian System; 13-Biotite adamellite of Taerwa unit; 14-Monzonitic granite of Shuiguangkou unit; 15-Trachyandensite; 16-Rhyolite; 17-Granite porphyry; 18-Diorite vein; 19-Quartz orthophyre vein; 20-Stratigraphic boundary; 21-Fault; 22-Polymetallic deposit
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图 2 高家庄多金属矿床地质简图
1—第四系；2—张家口组一段；3—髫髻山组一段；4—张夏组一段；5—下马岭组一段；6—铁岭组二段；7—雾迷山组三段；8—潜流纹岩；9—花岗斑岩；10—闪长玢岩；11—正断层及编号；12—铅锌矿脉；
Figure 2. Geological sketch map of the Gaojiazhuang polymetallic ore district
1-Quaternary; 2-1st member of Zhangjiakou Formation; 3-1st member of Tiaojishan Formation; 4-1st member of Zhangxia Formation; 5-1st member of Xiamaling Formation of Qingbaikou System; 6-2nd member of Tielingzu Formation of Jixian System; 7-3th member of Wumishan Formation of Jixian System; 8-Sub-rhyolite; 9-Granite porphyry; 10-Diorite porphyrite; 11-Normal fault and its serial number; 12-Lead and zinc deposit
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图 3 高家庄铅锌多金属矿床矿石矿物样品特征
A—方铅矿（Gn）和闪锌矿（Sph）共生，闪锌矿内见少量乳滴状黄铜矿出溶物；B—闪锌矿(Sph)和黄铁矿(Py)共生，黄铁矿呈半自形-他形，闪锌矿内具少量乳滴状黄铜矿出溶物；Sph—闪锌矿；Gn—方铅矿；Ccp—黄铜矿；Py—黄铁矿
Figure 3. Structure diagram of ore minerals in the Gaojiazhuang Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit
A-Galena associated with sphalerite, with a small amount of emulsion droplet of chalcopyrite seen in sphalerite.B-Sphalerite associated with pyrite, pyrite exhibiting subhedral and anhedral grains, with a small amount of emulsion droplet of chalcopyrite seen in sphalerite
表 1 高家庄多金属矿床单矿物Rb-Sr测试结果
Table 1 Rb-Sr isotopic analyses of sulfides from the Gaojiazhuang polymetallic deposit
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