Petrology and geochemistry of granite in the Pangushan tungsten deposit, south Jiangxi Province
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摘要:
著名的盘古山大型钨矿与深部隐伏花岗岩体具有密切成因关系，但因该岩体隐伏深，相关研究资料较为欠缺，很大程度上影响了对矿床岩浆-热液-成矿作用的深入认识。南岭科学钻探（SP-NLSD-2）揭露该岩体后，本文对其开展了岩石学和元素地球化学研究。结果表明，该岩体具有超酸性、富碱、贫钠富钾等特征，属于准铝-过铝质高钾钙碱性花岗岩。形成该岩体的花岗岩浆为高度分异演化的残浆，W、Bi等元素含量明显高于南岭燕山期花岗岩，为盘古山钨铋矿床的形成提供了丰富的矿质。岩浆演化至云英岩化阶段时，岩浆中的Mo、Bi、Cu、Pb及REE含量增加，而W、Sn含量则因已转移到岩浆期后热液而降低。岩体形成于板内伸展环境。
Abstract:Pangushan granite is genetically related to the well-known Pangushan large-sized tungsten deposit. However, due to great depth, its petrologic and geochemical data had been lacking until it was discovered by the Nanling Scientific Drilling Project (SP-NLSD-2) recently. In this paper, the petrologic and geochemical study conducted by the authors is reported. The granite is found to be ultra-acidic, alkali-rich, Na-poor, K-rich, meta-to weak-peraluminous and K-high calc-alkaline. Its corresponding granitic magma is highly evolved and W and Bi values are significantly higher than their average values in Yanshanian granite in Nanling region, indicating that they were the major ore-forming material source. When the granitic magma was evolved to the greisenization stage, Mo, Bi, Cu, Pb and REE were enriched, while W and Sn were depleted because of their migration into the hydrothermal solution. The intrusion of the Pangushan granite happened during intraplate extension.
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Keywords:
- geochemistry /
- granite /
- tungsten deposit /
- Nanling Scientific Drilling /
- Pangushan
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图 1 盘古山钨矿床地质图(a)❶及SP-NLSD-2 钻孔柱状图(b)
1—上泥盆统砂岩; 2—震旦系浅变质砂岩; 3—燕山早期花岗岩; 4—正断层; 5—平移断层; 6—矿化石英脉; 7—破碎带型Pb-Zn-W矿; 8—长石石英砂岩; 9—浅变质砂岩; 10—钾长花岗岩
Figure 1. Geological map of the Pangushan tungsten deposit (a) and profile of Drilling SP-NLSD-2(b)
1-Upper Devonian sandstone; 2-Sinian epi-metamorphic sandstone; 3-Early Yanshanian granitoid; 4-Normal fault; 5-Transcurrent fault; 6-Mineralized quartz vein; 7-Fractured zone type Pb-Zn-Worebody; 8-Feldspathic quartz sandstone; 9-Epi-metamorphic sandstone; 10-K-feldspar granite
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图 2 盘古山花岗岩体的云英岩化花岗岩(a、b)、钾长石化花岗岩(c、d)和新鲜钾长花岗岩(e、f)
Pl—斜长石; Kfs—钾长石; Mi—微斜长石; Ms—白云母; Qtz—石英; Or—正长石; Sa—透长石
Figure 2. Greisenized granite (a,b),potash feldspathized granite (c,d) and fresh K-feldspar granite (e,f) of Pangushan granitic pluton
Pl-Plagioclase; Kfs-Potash feldspar; Mi-Microcline; Ms-Muscovite; Qtz-Quartz; Or-Orthoclase; Sa-Sanidine
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图 3 盘古山钾长花岗岩的SiO2-(Na2O+K2O)、SiO2-K2O和A/CNK-A/NK图解
Figure 3. SiO2-(Na2O+K2O),SiO2-K2O and A/CNK-A/NK diagrams of Pangushan granite
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图 4 盘古山花岗岩体的化学成分变化趋势
(除图d 的数值为比值外，其余为%)
Figure 4. Variation tendency of chemical composition of Pangushan granite
(The value on Fig.4d is ratio, and the unit of the value in the rest figures is percentage)
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图 6 盘古山花岗岩体的矿化元素含量变化趋势(图中数值以10-6为单位)
Figure 6. Variation tendency of metallogenic element content of Pangushan granite (unit of the value is 10-6)
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图 7 盘古山花岗岩体的主要化学成分构造环境判别图解(a和b底图据[17]，c底图据[18])
IAG—岛弧花岗岩; RRG—与裂谷有关的花岗岩; CAG—大陆弧花岗岩类; CEUG—大陆的造陆抬升花岗岩类; CCG—大陆碰撞花岗岩类; POG—后造山花岗岩类
Figure 7. Diagenetic setting diagram of Pangushan granite according to its major chemical composition (Fig. 7-a and Fig. 7-b after reference [17],and Fig. 7-c after reference [18])
IAG-Island arc granitoids; RRG-Rift-type granitoids; CAG-Continental arc granitoids; CEUG-Continental epeirogenic uplift granite; CCG-Continental collision granite; POG-Post-orogenic granitoid
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图 8 盘古山花岗岩体的微量元素含量构造环境判别图解(底图据[19])
VAG—火山弧花岗岩; WPG—板内花岗岩; syn-COLG—同碰撞花岗岩; ORG—洋中脊花岗岩; A-ORG—异常洋中脊花岗岩
Figure 8. Diagenetic setting diagram of Pangushan granite according to its trace element values (after reference [19])
VAG-Volcanic arc granite; WPG-Intraplate granite; syn-COLG-Syn-collisional granite; ORG-Mid-ocean ridge granite; A-ORG-Abnormal mid-ocean ridge granite
表 2 盘古山花岗岩体微量元素和稀土元素分析结果(10-6)
Table 2 Trace element and REE content (10-6) of Pangushan granite
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