The magnetic anomaly characteristics of Dongpo, Xigaze and some other ophiolite rock masses along the Yarlung-Zangbo suture zone and their oreprospecting significance
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摘要:
航空磁测△T图上清楚显示出沿雅鲁藏布江缝合带具有南北两条航磁异常，地质研究确认沿雅鲁藏布江缝合带的蛇绿岩体呈带状东西向延续近2000 km，但已知主要含铬蛇绿岩体分布于雅鲁藏布江南岸。在罗布莎和泽当地表观测到断续分布着含铬蛇绿岩体，地质研究程度较高，岩体规模不大。向西地表有出露日喀则岩体，再西段有当穷、普兰、东坡等规模巨大的岩体。航空磁测图上显示出日喀则、东坡、普兰、当穷等岩体与清晰的航磁异常对应。对上述岩体进行的地面磁测准确地确定了已知岩体与航磁异常的关系，位于雅鲁藏布江东段的罗布莎与泽当岩体属于其南部强航磁异常北缘的负异常范围内的小岩体。西部沿江含铬蛇绿岩体是断续分布的，呈短条带状或较大的三度体；地面磁测异常突出反映出地表岩体磁铁矿分布的不均匀性，在岩体边缘（包括近岩体围岩）的蛇纹石化较强，磁异常亦较强，并由此较准确地圈定出岩体范围。航磁异常反映出岩体内部有相对富积的磁性矿物和磁性体，它们可能来自深部含FeO、Fe2O3等矿物在岩浆上涌到上地壳由于蛇纹石化而生成了Fe3O4，当温度低于480℃时形成较强的磁性。反演计算了磁性体位于3~5 km深度上，虽然蛇绿岩体及其围岩中存在的磁铁矿非直接来源于地幔物质，但含铬蛇绿岩体的岩浆物质是生成磁铁矿的主要物质贡献者。由此将航磁和地面磁测异常与大地电磁法、反射地震等方法结合可以给出岩体深部结构的地球物理特征，这有利于圈定找矿的远景地段。
Abstract:Aeromagnetic survey △T maps clearly show that there are two SN-trending aeromagnetic anomaly zones along the Yarlung-Zangbo suture zone, and geological researches have confirmed that the ophiolite rock masses along the Yarlung-Zangbo suture zone extend nearly 2000 km in banded distribution and in ES direction; however, it has been known that the main chromiumcontaining ophiolite rock masses are distributed on the south bank of the Yarlung Zangbo River. There are discontinuously distributed chromium-containing ophiolite rock masses observed on the ground of Luobusha and Zedang, which have small sizes and whose geological study degree is relatively high. There is Xigaze rock mass outcropped westward on the ground, and there are huge rock masses, including Dangqiong, Purang, and Dongpo, further to the west. Aeromagnetic survey maps show that the rock masses, including Xigaze, Dongpo, Purang, and Dangqiong, are obviously consistent with aeromagnetic anomalies. Ground magnetic survey for the above rock masses accurately has determined the relationship between the known rock masses and the aeromagnetic anomalies, and the Luobusha and Zetang rock masses in the eastern section of the Yarlung Zangbo River belong to small rock masses within the negative anomaly range on the northern margin of the strong aeromagnetic anomaly in the south. The chromium-containing ophiolite rock masses along the river in the west are distributed discontinuously, exhibiting short banded or large three-dimensional masses; ground magnetic survey anomalies prominently reflect the unevenness of distribution of the ground magnetite rock masses, with strong serpentinization and strong magnetic anomaly on the margin of the rock masses (including surrounding rocks near rock masses), thus to accurately delimit the range of the rock masses. The aeromagnetic anomalies reflect that there are relatively enriched magnetic minerals in the rock masses; the magnetic minerals might come from the minerals containing such components as FeO, and Fe2O3 in the deep part, which upwelled to the upper crust with magma and formed Fe3O4 due to serpentinization, thus generating strong magnetism when the temperature was lower than 480℃. Inversion calculation shows that the magnetic bodies are within the depth range of 3-5 km; although the magnetite existing in the ophiolite rock masses and their surrounding rocks was not directly from mantle materials, the magma materials in the chromium- containing ophiolite rock masses were main material contributors to the magnetite. The distribution range of the magnetite roughly corresponds to the orecontaining ophiolite rock masses, thus the aeromagnetic and ground magnetic survey anomalies, together with such methods as magnetotelluric method and reflection seismic method, can yield the geophysical characteristics of the deep structure of the rock masses, in favor of delimiting prospective areas for ore prospecting.
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1. 研究目的（Objective）
碳酸钙是全球应用最广泛的非金属矿物材料之一，它不仅是建材、造纸、塑料、涂料、橡胶、油漆、冶金等行业的原料或改性功能材料，而且在日用化工、食品、医药、卫生保健等领域发挥着独特的作用。广西贺州大理岩矿产丰富，被誉为全国“重钙之都”，但石灰岩矿（轻质碳酸钙）勘查程度低，为了加快传统产业转型升级和新经济新业态转化培育，贺州市以粤港澳大湾区市场需求为引领，将重质碳酸钙领域拓展到轻质碳酸钙、氧化钙和氢氧化钙领域，构建绿色高端碳酸钙千亿元产业集群，本次在贺州市水声肚地区开展了石灰岩矿的勘查研究工作。
2. 研究方法（Methods）
通过开展详查工作，采用大比例尺地质填图圈定含矿层位；采用勘查线的布置形式，地表施工槽探、深部系统施工钻探揭露控制，最终通过全孔采样分析，圈定有色冶金熔剂用石灰岩矿体，估算资源量，实现了快速找矿突破。同时研究分析了水声肚矿区石灰岩矿体的主要赋矿层位，矿体规模、形态、产状、厚度、品位，矿石结构构造、矿物成分、化学成分、矿石类型，确定找矿标志。
3. 结果（Results）
通过项目实施，水声肚矿区熔剂用石灰岩矿的主要含矿层位为融县组下段（D3r1）和桂林组上段（D3g3）（图 1a）。融县组下段岩性为浅灰色-灰白色中厚层亮晶微晶粒屑灰岩夹纹层状含生物屑微晶灰岩，厚50~60 m；桂林组上段岩性为深灰色生物碎屑灰岩夹多层层孔虫灰岩，厚67~131 m。
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图 1 水声肚矿区地质简图（a）、层孔虫灰岩矿石和镜下照片（b）及1号勘查线剖面图（c）Figure 1. Simplified geological map of the Shuishengdu area (a), microscopic photos of stromatoporoid limestone ore (b) and section of No.1 exploration line (c) in the Shuishengdu area通过系统工程控制和采样分析，圈出了①号熔剂用石灰岩主矿体，矿体走向延长约2350 m，倾向延长约1650 m，水平投影面积约2.05 km2。矿体剖面形态呈单斜厚大层状、板状（图 1b）。矿体平均倾向193°，平均倾角21°。通过45个钻孔施工，控制矿体厚度11.01~179.53 m，平均99.02 m。单工程品位：CaO 53.75%~54.84%，平均54.44%；MgO 0.52%~1.17%，平均0.75%；SiO2 0.20%~1.33%，平均0.48%。
矿石结构以生物碎屑（含层孔虫、腕足类）泥晶结构（图 1c）、微晶结构为主，构造主要为块状构造。矿石矿物成分主要为方解石（约98%），含少量的泥质（约2%）。据组合分析结果：Al2O3平均含量0.24%；Fe2O3平均含量0.08%；S平均含量0.022%；P平均含量0.0019%；烧失量平均43.57%。表明矿区熔剂用石灰岩有害组分含量极低。矿石工业类型为有色冶金熔剂用石灰岩，均达一级品，部分达特级品。
4. 结论（Conclusions）
(1) 本次勘查在水声肚矿区新发现超大型有色冶金熔剂用石灰岩矿床，共估算石灰岩矿石资源量（控制+推断）为72956.46万t，矿区北部直接出露地表的石灰岩矿石量超2亿t，为贺州市碳酸钙产业转型升级提供资源保障，也为贺州市创建“广西东融先行示范区”迈开了加速步伐。
(2) 确定水声肚地区有色冶金熔剂用石灰岩矿的主要赋矿层位为融县组下段和桂林组上段。
5. 致谢（Acknowledgements）
项目实施过程中得到了广西贺州市自然资源局的大力支持，谨此表示感谢。
致谢: 本文工作中得到许志琴院士、袁学诚教授、吴良士研究员、余钦范教授、王光锷教授的支持与帮助；参加该项工作的人员还有许乐红、郭帅以及中国地质大学众多研究生同学参与了野外工作。在此向他们一并表示感谢。 -
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图 1 a—西藏南部构造格架和雅鲁藏布江缝合带蛇绿岩的分布简图[23] ;b—航空磁测△T平面图[17]
YZSZ—雅鲁藏布江缝合带; MBT—主边缘逆冲断层;MCT—主中央逆冲带;MFT—主前缘逆冲断裂;HHT—高喜马拉雅逆冲断层;STDS—藏南拆离系
Figure 1. a-Schematic map of structural framework in southern Tibet and distribution of ophiolite in the Yarlung Zangbo suture zone[23] ; b-△T plan view from aeromagnetic survey[17]
YZSZ -The Yarlung Zangbo suture zone; MBT -The main boundary thrust fault; MCT -The main central thrust zone; MFT -The main front thrust fault; HHT -The High Himalayan thrust fault; STDS -The southern Tibetan detachment system
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图 2 a—泽当—罗布莎岩体航磁异常图；b—日喀则岩体航磁平面异常图(单位:nT)
Figure 2. a-Aeromagnetic anomaly map of the Zedang-Luobusha rock mass; b-Aeromagnetic anomaly plan view of the Xigaze rock mass (unit: nT)
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图 3 雅鲁藏布江西段东坡、普兰、当穷岩体航磁△T平面图
a—航磁△T平面图；b—航磁△T化极异常平面图；c—航磁化极上延1 km平面图；d—航磁化极上延5 km平面图；图中红框为地面磁测测区范围
Figure 3. Aeromagnetic △T plan view of the Dongpo,Purang and Dangqiong rock masses in the western section of the Yarlung Zangbo River
a-Plan view of aeromagnetic △T anomaly; b-Plan view of aeromagnetic △T reduction-to-the-pole anomaly; c-Plan view after aeromagnetic reduction-to-the-pole upward continuation by 1 km; d-Plan view after aeromagnetic reduction-to-the-pole upward continuation by 5 km; where the red box is the range of ground magnetic survey area
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图 4 日喀则岩体航磁异常与地质叠合图
a—航磁化极后与地质叠合；b—航磁化极上延10 km与地质叠合
Figure 4. Aeromagnetic anomaly and geological map of the Xigaze rock mass
a-Geological map and aeromagnetic map after reduction-to-the-pole; b-Geological map and aeromagnetic map after reduction-to-the-pole upward continuation by 10 km
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图 5 普兰、东坡岩体航磁平面图与岩体地质图叠合图
a—普兰岩体航磁化极异常平面图(等值线距10 nT) b —普兰岩体航磁化极上延5 km异常(等值线距5 nT) c —东坡岩体原始航磁平面图(等值线距20 nT)；d —东坡岩体化极上延5 km异常平面图(等值线距5 nT)
Figure 5. Plan view of aeromagnetic anomaly of the Purang and Dongporock masses and geological map
a-Aeromagnetic anomaly of the Purang rock mass after reduction-to-the-pole (isoline spacing 10 nT); b-Aeromagnetic anomaly of the Purang rock mass after reduction-to-the-pole upward continuation by 5 km (isoline spacing 5 nT); c-Original aeromagnetic anomaly of the Dongpo rock mass (isoline spacing 20 nT); d-Aeromagnetic anomaly plan view of the Dongpo rock mass after reduction-to-the-pole upward continuation by 5 km (isoline spacing 5 nT)
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图 6 沿雅鲁藏布江东坡、普兰、当穷、日喀则、泽当、罗布莎岩体航磁、地面磁测剖面图（剖面长度按同比例尺绘制）
Figure 6. Aeromagnetic and ground magnetic survey profile map of the Dongpo,Purang,Dangqiong,Xigaze,Zedang,Luobusha rock masses along the Yarlung Zangbo River (profile lengths at the same scale)
表 1 普兰岩体岩矿石磁性测定结果[26]
Table 1 Magnetism determination results of rocks and minerals in the Purang rock mass[26]
下载: 导出CSV
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