Geochronology, geochemistry and petrogenesis of quartz diorite porphyrite from the Sena copper (gold) deposit, Tibet
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摘要:
色那铜（金）矿床位于西藏班怒成矿带西段的多龙矿集区内东北部，具有良好的找矿潜力。锆石U-Pb测年显示成矿石英闪长玢岩的形成年龄为（118.1±1.4）Ma，与已报道的多龙矿集区内岛弧型含矿斑岩的成岩成矿时代一致。色那石英闪长玢岩属于活动大陆边缘的高钾钙碱性-钙碱性系列准铝质I型花岗岩，富集轻稀土（LREE）和大离子亲石元素（LILE：Th，U，K及Rb），亏损重稀土（HREE）及高场强元素（HFSE：Nb、Ta、Zr及Ti），δEu为基本无异常（0.92~1.04），具备典型岛弧岩浆岩特征。岩石Rb/Sr值（0.143~0.195），Zr/Hf值（31.23~34.14），Nb/Ta值（9.21~11.59），反映出壳幔混合的特点。锆石（176Hf/177Hf）i为0.282707~0.282719，εHf（t）为0.28~11.77，两阶段模式年龄TDMC=424~1159Ma，暗示其可能起源于新生下地壳的部分熔融。综合分析认为，色那矿区石英闪长玢岩是班公湖-怒江特提斯洋壳向北俯冲于羌塘地块之下的背景下，由新生下地壳部分熔融形成，源区内可能有幔源物质混入。早白垩世晚期（约118.1 Ma）班公湖-怒江洋仍然存在向北俯冲消减作用。
Abstract:Located in the northeast of the Duolong ore concentration area in the Bangong Co-Nujiang metallogenic belt, Tibet, the Sena copper (gold) deposit has favorable prospecting potentiality. The quartz diorite porphyrite in the deposit whose zircon U-Pb age is (118.1±1.4) Ma is consistent with the age of reported arc-type ore-bearing porphyry in the Duolong ore concentration area. They belong to high-K calc-alkaline to calc-alkaline and metaluminous I-type felsic rocks. These porphyries are systematically enriched in large-ion lithophile elements (LILE such as Th, U, K, Pb and Rb) and LREE, relatively depleted in high strength elements (HFSE such as Ta, Nb, Ti and Zr) and HREE. And they are slightly rightly-oblique, show the fractionation between LREE and HREE, and display no Eu anomalies (δEu=0.92-1.04). According to the regional tectonic setting, the authors hold that the geochemical characteristics of the quartz diorite porphyrite are consistent with those of arc-type magmas in the world, and the closure time of this ocean should be later than early Cretaceous (118Ma). The Rb/Sr ratios (0.143-0.195), Zr/Hf ratios (31.23-34.14), and Nb/Ta ratios (9.21-11.59) suggest that the melts had characteristics of crust mantle mixing. The zircon (176Hf/177Hf)i, εHf(t) and TDM2 are 0.282707-0.282719, 0.28-11.77 and 424-1159 Ma, respectively, indicating that the rocks probably represent the remelting products of juvenile crust, also impacted by minor mantle-derived mafic melts under the background of northward subduction of Bangong Co-Nujiang Tethys to Qiangtang massif.
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致谢: 感谢西藏地调院李玉彬工程师在野外工作过程中给予的帮助。感谢中国地质大学(北京)董国臣教授及黄雄飞博士在室内研究及论文成文中提供的建议和帮助，以及匿名审稿老师对稿件提出的修改意见。感谢中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所LA-MC-ICP-MS实验室、核工业北京地质研究院实验室和西北大学大陆动力学国家重点实验室的老师在样品分析测试过程中提供了大量帮助。
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图 1 西藏多龙矿集区区域地质图(据文献[14]修改)
1-第四系；2-上渐新统康托组；3-下白垩统美日切错组；4-中下侏罗统色哇组；5-下侏罗统曲色组；6-上三叠统日干配错组；7-早白垩世二长花岗斑岩；8-早白垩世花岗闪长斑岩；9-早白垩世石英斑岩；10-早白垩世石英闪长斑岩；11-早白垩世闪长斑岩；12-蛇纹石化橄榄岩；13-枕状玄武岩；14-辉绿岩；15-辉长岩；16-硅帽；17-整合接触界线；18-不整合接触界线；19-断层及编号；20-矿床位置；21-地表蚀变范围；22-遥感影像提取的环形构造；23-工程控制矿体范围；24-取样位置
Figure 1. Regional geological map of the Duolong ore concentration area, Tibet (modified after reference [14])
1-Quaternary; 2-Upper Oligocene Kangtuo Formation; 3-Lower Cretaceous Meiritiecuo Formation; 4-Lower-Middle Jurassic Sewa Formation; 5-Lower Jurassic Quse Formation; 6-Upper Riganpeicuo Formation; 7-Early Cretaceous monzonitic granite porphyry; 8-Early Cretaceous granodiorite porphyry; 9-Early Cretaceous quartz porphyry; 10-Early Cretaceous quartz diorite porphyrite; 11-Early Cretaceous dioritic porphyrite; 12-Serpentinized olivinite; 13-Pillow basalt; 14-Diabase; 15-Gabbro; 16-Silicified cap; 17-Conformity; 18-Unconformity; 19-Fault and its serial number; 20-Positon of ore deposit; 21-Alteration range at surface; 22-The ring structure of remote sensing image; 23-Controlled orebody range; 24-Sampling site
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图 2 色那矿区地质图(据文献[30]修改)
1-第四系; 2-中-下侏罗统色哇组二段; 3-中-下侏罗统色哇组一段; 4-早白垩世石英闪长玢岩；5-钻孔位置及编号；6-采样位置；7-矿体范围
Figure 2. Geological map of the Sena deposit (modified after reference[30])
1-Quaternary; 2-Lower-Middle Jurassic Sewa Formation 2nd member; 3-Lower-Middle Jurassic Sewa Formation 1st member; 4-Early Cretaceous quartz diorite porphyrite; 5-Drill hole and its serial number; 6-Sampling site; 7-Controlled orebody range
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图 3 多龙矿集区色那矿区石英闪长玢岩岩野外露头与镜下照片
a-野外露头；b-岩石手标本；c-单偏光镜下照片；d-正交偏光镜下照片；Pl-斜长石，Hb-角闪石；Q-石英；Mt-磁铁矿
Figure 3. Field and petrographic photos of quartz diorite porphyrite in the Sena deposit of the Duolong ore concentration area
a-Outcrops; b-Rock specimens; c-Plainlight; d-Crossed nicols; Pl-Plagioclase; Hb-Hornblende; Q-Quartz; Mt-Magnetite
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图 4 多龙铜金矿集区色那矿区石英闪长玢岩锆石阴极发光图像(a)、Th-U协变图(b)、LA-ICP-MS U-Pb加权平均年龄图(c)与谐和年龄图(d)
Figure 4. Cathodoluminescence (CL) images (a) and covariant diagram (b) of Th-U, concordia diagrams (c) and weighted ages (d) for zircons from quartz diorite porphyrite in the Sena deposit of the Duolong ore concentration area
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图 6 多龙铜金矿集区色那矿区石英闪长玢岩的稀土配分模式(a)和微量元素蛛网图(b)(据文献[41])
Figure 6. Chondrite-normalized rare earth elements patterns (a) and trace element spidergrams (b) from quartz diorite porphyrite in the Sena deposit of the Duolong ore concentration area
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图 7 多龙铜金矿集区色那矿区石英闪长玢岩的176Hf/177Hf-t (Ma)和εHf(t)-t (Ma)图解
Figure 7. Diagram of εHf(t) versus t and 176Hf/177Hf versus t of quartz diorite porphyrite in the Sena deposit of the Duolong ore concentration area
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图 9 西藏多龙矿集区的成矿模式简图(据文献[87]修改)
Figure 9. Simplified metallogenic model of the Sena deposit of the Duolong ore concentration area
表 1 多龙矿集区色那金矿石英闪长玢岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄分析数据
Table 1 U-Pb zircon dating results of quartz diorite porphyrite in the Sena deposit of the Duolong ore concentration area
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 多龙矿集区色那金矿石英闪长玢岩锆石Lu-Hf同位素组成
Table 2 Zircon Lu-Hf isotopic composition of quartz diorite porphyrite in the Sena deposit of the Duolong ore concentration area
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 多龙铜金矿集区色那矿区石英闪长玢岩主量元素(%)、微量元素分析结果(10-6)
Table 3 Major (%) and trace (10-6) element analyzing results of quartz diorite porphyrite in the Sena deposit of the Duolong ore concentration area
下载: 导出CSV
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