A study of the genesis of igneous rocks from the Sankuanggou Cu-Fe-Mo deposit in Heilongjiang Province
-
摘要:
三矿沟Cu-Fe-Mo矿床是大兴安岭地区三矿沟-多宝山构造-成矿带中一个比较典型的矽卡岩型矿床。在大量野外地质调查、室内岩矿鉴定的基础上,对与成矿有关的三矿沟复式英云(花岗)闪长岩体的岩石地球化学特征进行了分析,探讨了该岩体的成因类型和构造环境。研究表明,该矿床岩浆岩体属于钙碱性I型花岗岩,具有大陆地壳的特征,形成于与造山花岗岩有关的火山弧环境或相似的构造环境中,主要与造山阶段的火山弧花岗岩关系密切。稀土元素配分图显示向右缓倾斜的轻稀土元素富集型特点,轻、重稀土分馏较为明显,无明显的负铕异常,暗示其具有相同或相近的成因,也反映了同源岩浆的特点。δEu值介于0.81~1.24,δCe值为1.00~1.13,表明岩浆演化过程中发生了微弱的分离结晶作用,同时又受到同化混染作用的一定影响,其成岩环境氧逸度较低,指示了缺氧环境,有利于金属元素的积聚而形成矿床。
Abstract:Located along the Sankuanggou-Duobaoshan tectonic-metallogenic belt in Da Hinggan Mountains, the Sankuanggou skarn-type Cu-Fe-Mo deposit is a typical skarn-type deposit. On the basis of field geological survey and indoor rock ore identification, the authors analyzed the lithogeochemical characteristics of Sankuanggou (granite) tonalite related to metallogeny, and discussed the genetical type and tectonic setting of this rock mass. Studies show that the magmatic rocks of this deposit belong to the calc-alkaline I-type granite, with the characteristics of continental crust, and that these magmatic rocks were formed in a volcanic arc tectonic environment or a similar environment, mainly having close relationship with volcanic arc granite orogenic phase. REE distribution patterns show LREE-enriched patterns with gently rightly inclined shape, and strong REE fractionation with no pronounced negative Eu anomaly, suggesting that these magmatic rocks have the same or similar genesis and reflect the characteristics of comagmatic region. δEu values vary from 0.81 to 1.24, δCe values range from 1.00 to 1.13, indicating that weak fractional crystallization occurred in the process of magma evolution, with some influence of assimilation and contamination, and that their low oxygen fugacity of diagenetic environment might imply some anoxic environment.
-
Keywords:
- Sankuanggou /
- Cu-Fe-Mo deposit /
- igneous rocks /
- studies of genesis /
- major and trace elements /
- Heilongjiang
-
致谢: 在论文的写作过程中,得到了中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所王立强博士、中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院杜泽忠博士、杜玉雕硕士及吕鹏瑞硕士的热情指导和帮助;审稿专家和编辑部老师提出了宝贵的意见和建议,在此一并致谢。
-
图 2 三矿沟Cu-Fe-Mo矿床地质简图(据文献[21]简化)
Figure 2. Simplified geological map of the Sankuanggou Cu-Fe-Mo deposit
图 3 三矿沟Cu-Fe-Mo矿床岩浆岩SiO2-(K2O+Na2O)图解
(底图据文献[22])
Figure 3. SiO2-(K2O + Na2O) diagram of magmatic rock from the Sankuanggou Cu-Fe-Mo deposit
图 4 三矿沟Cu-Fe-Mo矿床岩浆岩SiO2-AR图解(据文献[23])
Figure 4. SiO2-AR diagram of magmatic rock from the Sankuanggou Cu-Fe-Mo deposit
图 5 三矿沟Cu-Fe-Mo矿床岩浆岩AFM图解
(底图据文献[24])
Figure 5. AFM diagram of magmatic rock from the Sankuanggou Cu-Fe-Mo deposit
图 6 三矿沟Cu-Fe-Mo矿床岩浆岩SiO2-K2O图解
(底图据文献[25])
Figure 6. SiO2-K2O diagram of magmatic rock from the Sankuanggou Cu-Fe-Mo deposit
图 8 三矿沟Cu-Fe-Mo矿床岩浆岩微量元素原始地幔蛛网图(原始地幔标准值引自文献[27])
Figure 8. Primitive mantle-normalized trace element spidergrams of magmatic rock from the Sankuanggou Cu-Fe-Mo deposit
图 9 三矿沟Cu-Fe-Mo矿床岩浆岩稀土元素配分图(球粒陨石标准值引自文献[29])
Figure 9. REE distribution patterns of magmatic rock from the Sankuanggou Cu-Fe-Mo deposit
图 10 三矿沟Cu-Fe-Mo矿床岩浆岩A/NK-A/CNK图解
(底图据文献[30])
Figure 10. A/NK-A/CNK diagram of magmatic rock from the Sankuanggou Cu-Fe-Mo deposit
图 11 三矿沟Cu-Fe-Mo矿床岩浆岩Na2O-K2O成因辨别图解(底图据文献[31])
Figure 11. Na2O-K2O genetic discrimination diagram of magmatic rock from the Sankuanggou Cu-Fe-Mo deposit
图 13 三矿沟Cu-Fe-Mo矿床岩浆岩Rb-Hf-Ta构造环境判别图(底图据文献[35])
Figure 13. Rb-Hf-Ta tectonic discrimination diagrams of magmatic rock from the Sankuanggou Cu-Fe-Mo deposit
表 1 三矿沟Cu-Fe-Mo矿床岩浆岩主量元素分析结果(%)及其参数值
Table 1 The analytical results (%) of the major elements of magmatic rock from the Sankuanggou Cu-Fe-Mo deposit and their characteristic parameters
表 2 三矿沟Cu-Fe-Mo矿床岩浆岩微量元素分析结果(10-6)及其参数值
Table 2 The analytical results (10-6) of the trace elements of magmatic rock from the Sankuanggou Cu-Fe-Mo deposit and their characteristic parameters
表 3 三矿沟Cu-Fe-Mo矿床岩浆岩稀土元素分析结果(10-6)及其参数值
Table 3 The analytical results (10-6) of rare earth elements of magmatic rock from the Sankuanggou Cu-Fe-Mo deposit and their characteristic parameters
-
[1] 李德荣, 朱朝利, 吕军, 等.黑龙江三矿沟-多宝山成矿带构造-岩浆成矿作用[J].中国矿业, 2010, 19(增刊): 142-146. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGKA2010S1038.htm Li Derong, Zhu Chaoli, Lv Jun, et al. Structural-magmatic mineralization of Sankuanggou-Duobaoshan metallogenic belt, Heilongjiang[J]. China Mining Magazine, 2010, 19(supp.): 142-146(in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGKA2010S1038.htm
[2] 杜琦.多宝山斑岩铜矿床蚀变与矿化特征[J].地质学报, 1980, 4: 310-323. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZXE198004005.htm Du Qi. The alteration and mineralization features of the Duobaoshan porphyry copper deposit[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 1980, 4:310-323(in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZXE198004005.htm
[3] 杜琦, 陈明秀.多宝山斑岩铜矿床成因模式[J].矿床地质, 983, 2: 42-48. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KCDZ198302005.htm Du Qi, Chen Mingxiu. The genetic model of Duobaoshan porphyry copper deposit[J]. Mineral Deposits, 1983, 2:42-48(in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KCDZ198302005.htm
[4] 杜琦, 赵玉明.多宝山斑岩铜矿床[M].北京:地质出版社, 1988:74-310. Du Qi, Zhao Yuming. Porphyry Copper Deposit in Duobaoshan[M]. Beijing:Geological Publishing House, 1988:74-310(in Chinese with English abstract).
[5] 王喜臣, 王训练, 王琳, 等.黑龙江多宝山超大型斑岩铜矿的成矿作用和后期改造[J].地质科学, 2007, 42(1): 124-133. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZKX200701013.htm Wang Xichen, Wang Xunlian, Wang Lin, et al. Metallogeny and reformation of the Duobaoshan superlarge porphyry copper deposit in Heilongjiang[J]. Chinese Journal of Geology, 2007, 42(1):124-133(in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZKX200701013.htm
[6] 李克生.多宝山斑岩铜(钼)矿床气液包裹体研究[J].地质与勘探, 1979, (3): 22-23. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZKT197903003.htm Li Kesheng. A study on gas-liquid inclusions of Duobaoshan porphyry-type copper (molybdenum) deposits[J].Geology and Prospecting, 1979, (3): 22-23(in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZKT197903003.htm
[7] 武广, 刘军, 钟伟, 等.黑龙江省铜山斑岩铜矿床流体包裹体研究[J].岩石学报, 2009, 25(11):2996-3006. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YSXB200911030.htm Wu Guang, Liu Jun, Zhong Wei, et al. Fluid inclusion study of the Tongshan porphyry copper deposit, Heilongjiang Province, China[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2009, 25(11):2996-3006(in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YSXB200911030.htm
[8] 葛文春, 吴福元, 周长勇, 等.兴蒙造山带东段斑岩型Cu-Mo矿床成矿时代及其地球动力学意义[J].科学通报, 2007, 52(20):2407-2417. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KXTB200720014.htm Ge Wenchun, Wu Fuyuan, Zhou Changyong, et al. Mineralization time of porphyry-type Cu-Mo deposit in the eastern section of Xing'an Mongolian orogenic belt and its geodynamics significance[J].Chinese Science Bulletin, 2007, 52(20):2407-2417(in Chinese). http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KXTB200720014.htm
[9] 赵一鸣, 毕承思, 邹晓秋, 等.黑龙江多宝山、铜山大型斑岩铜(钼)矿床中辉钼矿的铼-锇同位素年龄[J].地球学报, 1997, 18(1):61-67. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQXB701.006.htm Zhao Yiming, Bi Chengsi, Zou Xiaoqiu, et al. The Re-Os isotopic age of molybdenite from Duobaoshan and Tongshan porphyry copper (molybdenum) deposits[J]. Acta Geoscientia Sinica, 1997, 18(1):61-67(in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQXB701.006.htm
[10] 刘驰.多宝山斑岩铜矿区水热蚀变矿物的激光显微探针40Ar/39Ar定年[J].地质科学, 1995, 30(4):329-337. Liu Chi. 40Ar/39Ar laser microprobe dating on hydrothermal minerals from Duobaoshan porphyry copper mining district, Heilongjiang Province, China[J].Scientia Geologica Sinica, 1995, 30(4):329-337(in Chinese with English abstract).
[11] 崔根, 王金益, 张景仙, 等.黑龙江多宝山花岗闪长岩的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄及其地质意义[J].世界地质, 2008, 27(4): 387-394. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SJDZ200804006.htm Cui Gen, Wang Jinyi, Zhang Jingxian, et al. U-Pb SHRIMP dating of zircons from Duobaoshan granodiorite in Heilongjiang and its geological significance[J].Global Geology, 2008, 27(4): 387-394(in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SJDZ200804006.htm
[12] 李之彤, 王希今, 王宏博, 等.黑龙江省嫩江县三矿沟含金铁铜矿床地质特征[J].地质与资源, 2008, 17(3):170-174. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GJSD200803004.htm Li Zhitong, Wang Xijin, Wang Hongbo, et al. Geology of the Sankuanggou gold-bearing iron-copper deposit in Nenjiang county, Heilongjiang Province[J]. Geology and Resources, 2008, 17(3):170-174(in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GJSD200803004.htm
[13] 王希金, 谭成印, 张东才, 等.黑龙江省有色、贵金属矿产区域成矿特征[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报, 2007, 26(4):376-381. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KYDH200704012.htm Wang Xijin, Tan Chengyin, Zhang Dongcai, et al. A study on the regional metallogeny of base and precious metal resources in Heilongjiang Province, China[J]. Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry, 2007, 26(4):376-381(in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KYDH200704012.htm
[14] 王洪瑜, 马丽玲, 王卓.黑龙江省嫩江县三矿沟铜(铁)矿床地质特征及成因探讨[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版).2008, 38(增刊): 214-218. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CCDZ2008S1059.htm Wang Hongyu, Ma Liling, Wang Zhuo. Geological character and genesis of Sankuanggou copper (iron) mineral deposit, Duobaoshan area, Heilongjiang Province[J]. Journal of Jinlin University (Earth Science Edition), 2008, 38(supp.):214-218(in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CCDZ2008S1059.htm
[15] 刘军, 武广, 钟伟, 等.黑龙江省三矿沟矽卡岩型铁铜矿床流体包裹体研究[J].岩石学报. 2009, 25(10):2631-2641. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YSXB200910027.htm Liu Jun, Wu Guang, Zhong Wei, et al. Fluid inclusions study of the Sankuanggou skarn Fe-Cu deposit, Heilongjiang Province, China[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2009, 25(10):2631-2641(in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YSXB200910027.htm
[16] 吕鹏瑞, 顾雪祥, 李德荣, 等.黑龙江三矿沟矽卡岩型Cu-Fe-Mo多金属矿床的成矿流体特征与成矿机制[J].地质通报, 2011, 30(10):1563-1574. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZQYD201110011.htm Lv Pengrui, Gu Xuexiang, Li Derong, et al. Ore-forming fluid characteristics and mineralization mechanisms of the Sankuanggou skarn-type Cu-Fe-Mo polymetallic deposit in Heilongjiang Province[J]. Geological Bulletin of China, 2011, 30(10):1563-1574(in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZQYD201110011.htm
[17] 吕鹏瑞, 李德荣, 彭义伟, 等.黑龙江三矿沟矽卡岩型Cu-FeMo矿床矿石硫化物硫、铅同位素特征及锆石U-Pb定年[J].中国地质, 2012, 39(3):717-728. http://geochina.cgs.gov.cn/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20120313&flag=1 Lv Pengrui, Li Derong, Peng Yiwei, et al. S-Pb isotopic characteristics of ore sulfides and U-Pb dating of zircon from the Sankuanggou skarn-type Cu-Fe-Mo polymetallic deposit in Heilongjiang Province[J]. Geology in China, 2012, 39(3):717-728(in Chinese with English abstract). http://geochina.cgs.gov.cn/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20120313&flag=1
[18] 韩振新, 徐衍强, 郑庆道, 等.黑龙江省重要金属和非金属矿产的成矿系列及其演化[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江人民出版社, 2004:76-80. Han Zhenxin, Xu Yanqiang, Zheng Qingdao, et al. Major Metal and Nonmetal Metallogenic Sries in Heilongjiang and their Evolution[M]. Harbin:Heilongjiang People's Press, 2004:76-80(in Chinese with English abstract).
[19] 黑龙江省地质矿产局.黑龙江省岩石地层[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社, 1997:30-50. Bureau of Geological and Mineral Resources of Heilongjiang Province. Lithostratigraphy in Heilongjiang Province[M].Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 1997:30-50(in Chinese with English abstract).
[20] 谭成印, 王根厚, 李永胜.黑龙江多宝山成矿区找矿新进展及其地质意义[J].地质通报, 2010, 29(2/3): 436-445. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZQYD2010Z1032.htm Tan Chengyin, Wang Genhou, Li Yongsheng. New progress and significance on the mineral exploration in Duobaoshan mineralization area, Heilongjiang, China[J]. Geological Bulletin of China, 2010, 29(2/3):436-445(in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZQYD2010Z1032.htm
[21] 李德荣, 吕福林, 刘素颖, 等.黑龙江省嫩江县三矿沟矿区地质特征及找矿方向[J].中国地质, 2011, 38(2): 415-426. http://geochina.cgs.gov.cn/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20110216&flag=1 Li Derong, Lv Fulin, Liu Suying, et al. Geological features and prospecting orientation of the Sankuanggou Cu-Mo-Au deposit in Nenjiang County, Heilongjiang Province[J]. Geology in China, 2011, 38(2): 415-426(in Chinese with English abstract). http://geochina.cgs.gov.cn/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20110216&flag=1
[22] Muschler F E. The precious metal deposits associated with alkaline rocks——a spatial and temporal process in Cordillera[J]. Mining Engineering, 1991, 3: 304-309.
[23] Wright J B. A simple alkalinity ratio and its application to questions of non-orogenic granite genesis[J].Geological Magazine, 1969, 106: 370-384. doi: 10.1017/S0016756800058222
[24] Macdonald G A, Katsura T. Chemical composition of Hawaiian lavas[J]. Petrol., 1964, 5: 83-133.
[25] Peccerillo R, Taylor S R. Geochemistry of Eocene calc-alkaline volocanic rocks from the Kastamonu area, northern Turkey[J]. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 1976, 58: 63-81. doi: 10.1007/BF00384745
[26] 赵振华.微量元素地球化学原理[M].北京:科学出版社, 1997:1-169. Zhao Zhenhua. Geochemistry Principle of Trace Elements[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1997:1-169(in Chinese with English abstract).
[27] Sun S S, McDonotIsh W F. Chemical and isotopic systematic of oceanic basalts: Implications for Mantle composition and process[C]//Saundem A D, Norry M J (ed.). Magmatism in Ocean Basins. London: Geological Society London Special Publication, 1989, 42: 313-345.
[28] 谢建成, 杨晓勇, Insung Lee.安徽沿江地区燕山期含铜岩体稀土、微量地球化学特征[J].矿物岩石, 2008, 28(1):72-78. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KWYS200801011.htm Xie Jiancheng, Yang Xiaoyong, Insung Lee. Geochemical characteristics of Yanshanian copper-bearing rocks along the Yangtze River in Anhui Province[J]. Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology, 2008, 28(1):72-78(in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KWYS200801011.htm
[29] Boynton W V. Geochemistry of the rare earth elements: Meteortie study[C]//Henderson P (ed.). Rare Element Geochemistry[C]. Elservier, 1984, 63-114
[30] Maniar Papu D, Piccoli Philip M. Tectonic discrimination of granitoids[J]. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 1989, 101(5): 635-643. doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1989)101<0635:TDOG>2.3.CO;2
[31] Collins W J, Beams S D, White A J R, et al. Nature and origin of A-type granites with particular reference to southeastern Australia[J]. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 1982, 80(2):189-200. doi: 10.1007/BF00374895
[32] 丁建华, 肖成东, 秦正永.洞子沟地区大红峪组富钾火山岩岩石学、地球化学特征[J].地质调查与研究, 2005, 28(2):100-105. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QHWJ200502005.htm Ding Jianhua, Xiao Chengdong, Qin Zhengyong. Petrological and geochemical research on Dahongyu ultrapotassic volcanic rocks in Dongzigou Area, Hebei Province[J]. Geological Survey and Research, 2005, 28(2):100-105(in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QHWJ200502005.htm
[33] 汤文豪, 张志诚, 李建锋, 等.内蒙古苏尼特右旗查干诺尔石炭系本巴图组火山岩地球化学特征及其地质意义[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版), 2011, 47(2):321-330. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BJDZ201102021.htm Tang Wenhao, Zhang Zhicheng, Li Jianfeng, et al. Geochemistry of the carboniferous volcanic rocks of Benbatu Formation in Sonid Youqi, Inner Mongolia and its geological significance[J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 2011, 47(2):321-330(in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BJDZ201102021.htm
[34] Feng R, Kerrich R. Geochemical evolution of granitoids from the Archean Abitibi southern volcanic zone and the Pontiac subprovince Superior province, Canada: Implication for tectonic history and source regions[J]. Chemical Geology, 1992, 98:23-70. doi: 10.1016/0009-2541(92)90090-R
[35] Harris N B W, Pearce J A, Tindle A G. Geochemical characteristics of collision-zone magmatism[C]//Coward M P, Reis A C (eds.). Collision Tectonics. Spec. publ. Geol. Soc., 1986, 19: 67-81.
[36] 李仰春, 汪岩, 吴淦国, 等.大兴安岭北段扎兰屯地区铜山组源区特征:地球化学及碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学制约[J].中国地质, 2013, 40(2): 391-402. http://geochina.cgs.gov.cn/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20130203&flag=1 Li Yangchun, Wang Yan, Wu Ganguo, et al. The provenance characteristics of Tongshan Formation in north Zalantun area of the Da Hinggan Mountains: The constraint of geochemistry and LA-MC-ICPMS U-Pb dating of detrital zircons[J]. Geology in China, 2013, 40(2): 391-402(in Chinese with English abstract). http://geochina.cgs.gov.cn/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20130203&flag=1
[37] 张磊, 吕新彪, 刘阁, 等.兴蒙造山带东段大陆弧后A型花岗岩特征与成因[J].中国地质, 2013, 40(3): 869-884. http://geochina.cgs.gov.cn/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20130318&flag=1 Zhang Lei, Lv Xinbiao, Liu Ge, et al. Characteristics and genesis of continental back-arc A-type granites in the eastern segment of the Inner Mongolia-Da Hinggan Mountains orogenic belt[J]. Geology in China, 2013, 40(3): 869-884(in Chinese with English abstract). http://geochina.cgs.gov.cn/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20130318&flag=1
[38] 刘军, 武广, 王峰, 等.黑龙江省岔路口斑岩钼矿床流体包裹体和稳定同位素特征[J].中国地质, 2013, 40(4): 1231-1251. http://geochina.cgs.gov.cn/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20130421&flag=1 Liu Jun, Wu Guang, Wang Feng, et al. Fluid inclusions and stable isotope characteristics of the Chalukou porphyry Mo deposit in Heilongjiang Province[J]. Geology in China, 2013, 40(4): 1231-1251(in Chinese with English abstract). http://geochina.cgs.gov.cn/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20130421&flag=1