Characteristics and geological significance of fluid inclusions in the Yushui copper polymetallic deposit, Guangdong Province
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摘要:
广东玉水铜多金属矿床位于华南MVT（密西西比河谷型）铅锌矿床成矿带东段，铜铅锌矿体主要呈不规则囊状产于下石炭统忠信组滨海相石英砂（砾）岩和上石炭统壶天群白云岩之间，少量呈不规则脉状分布于白云岩中。其主矿体中铜的品位极高，2013年入选品位为15.5%；矿石主要呈块状，少量浸染状。矿石矿物主要包括黄铜矿、斑铜矿、辉铜矿、方铅矿、浅色闪锌矿、黄铁矿、赤铁矿、磁铁矿等，主要脉石矿物为白云石、方解石，局部偶见石英。发育赤铁矿-磁铁矿和硫化物两个成矿阶段。选取主成矿阶段--硫化物阶段硫化物矿石中的闪锌矿和石英进行流体包裹体研究，结果表明：玉水流体包裹体主要以气液两相包裹体为主，气液比5%~20%，均一温度范围为90~289℃，其中闪锌矿中流体包裹体均一温度90~289℃，石英中流体包裹体均一温度110~287℃，方解石中流体包裹体均一温度125~210℃，包裹体盐度范围集中在8%~15%。激光拉曼探针测试表明流体包裹体气体成分主要是H2O，个别气相成分CO2。流体包裹体研究，结合矿床地质地球化学研究成果表明玉水铜多金属矿床是一个层控的低温热液型矿床。
Abstract:The Yushui copper polymetallic deposit is located in the east zone of the South China MVT (Mississippi valley type zinclead deposits) metallogenic belt. The orebody mainly occurs between the littoral quartz sandstone of lower Carboniferous Zhongxin Group and littoral dolomite of upper Carboniferous Hutian Group, with a small number of mineral veins hosted in dolomite. The ore grade is so high that the processing grade was 15.5% in 2013. The ore is mainly in massive form while a small amount of ore being disseminated. The ore minerals include chalcopyrite, bornite, chalcocite, galena, sphalerite, pyrite, hematite and magnetite, and the main gangue minerals consist of dolomite, calcite and a small amount of quartz. The mineralization can be divided into hematitemagnetite stage characterized by existence of gel texture gangue and sulfide stage. By analyzing the temperature and salinity of fluid inclusions in sphalerite and quartz from the main metallogenic stage (sulfide stage) the authors found that the fluid inclusions from the Yushui copper polymetallic deposit mainly consist of gas-liquid two phase inclusions, with the gas-liquid ratio ranging from 5% to 20%, and the homogenization temperature ranging from 90℃ to 289℃. In addition, the homogenization temperature of fluid inclusions in sphalerite ranges from 90℃ to 289℃; the homogenization temperature of fluid inclusions in quartz ranges from 110℃ to 287℃; the homogenization temperature of fluid inclusions in calcite ranges from 125℃ to 210℃, the inclusion salinity range is concentrated on 8wt%-15wt%. The laser Raman microprobe test shows that the gas composition of the fluid inclusion is H2O with minor CO2. Fluid inclusion study combined with geological and geochemical studies of the deposit suggests that the Yushui copper polymetallic deposit is a stratabound and epithermal deposit.
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Keywords:
- Yushui, fluid inclusion /
- epithermal deposit /
- stratabound deposit /
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图 1 玉水铜多金属矿床地质图
1-第四系；2-白垩系官草湖群、陆相紫色碎屑沉积岩；3-侏罗系上统高基坪群、陆相火山岩；4-石炭系上统壶天群白云质灰岩；5-石炭系下统忠信组石英砂岩；6-中上泥盆统变质石英砂岩；7-震旦系上段变质砂岩；8-燕山晚期花岗斑岩；9-辉绿岩；10-断层及编号；11-隐伏矿体
Figure 1. Geological map of the Yushui copper polymetallic deposit
1-Quaternary; 2-Cretaceous Guancaohu Group, pyroclastic sedimentary rock; 3-Upper Jurassic Gaojiping Group: continental volcanic rocks; 4-Upper carboniferous Hutian Group: dolomitic limestone; 5-Lower Carboniferous Zhongxin Formation: quartz sandstone; 6-Devonian metamorphic quartz sandstone; 7-Sinian metamorphic sandstone; 8-Late Yashanian granite-porphyry; 9-Diabase; 10-Fault and its serial number; 11-Concealed orebody
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图 2 玉水铜多金属矿床0#勘探线剖面图
1-侏罗系上统高基坪群、陆相火山岩；2-石炭系上统壶天群白云质灰岩；3-石炭系下统忠信组石英砂岩；4-中上泥盆统变质石英砂岩; 5-辉绿岩；6-主矿体；7-白云岩中脉状矿体；8-断层；9-地质界线
Figure 2. Geological section along No. 0# exploration line of the Yushui copper polymetallic deposit
1-Upper Jurassic Gaojiping Group: continental volcanic rocks; 2-Upper Carboniferous Hutian Group: dolomitic limestone; 3-Lower Carboniferous Zhongxin Formation: quartz sandstone; 4-Devonian metamorphic quartz sandstone; 5-Diabase; 6-Main orebody; 7-Vein mineralization in dolomite; 8-Fault; 9-Geological boundary
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图 3 矿物野外及镜下特征
A-早期的赤铁矿阶段，赤铁矿被斑铜矿黄铜矿交代穿插；B-环带状、胶状赤铁矿；C-闪锌矿在透射光下呈浅紫色；D-脉石矿物白云石和石英；Hem-赤铁矿；Py-黄铁矿；Cp-黄铜矿；Sp-闪锌矿；Q-石英；Dol-白云石
Figure 3. Field and microscopic characteristics of minerals from the Yushui copper polymetallic deposit
A-Hematite stage: early hematite penetrated and replaced by late chalcopyrite; B-Hematite with girdle texture and colloidal texture; C-Heliotrope sphalerite under transmission light; I-Dolomite and quartz Hem-hematite; Py-pytite; Cp-chalcopyrite; Gn-galene; Sp-sphalerite; Q-quartz; Dol-dolomite
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图 4 玉水铜多金属矿床典型流体包裹体显微特征
A-闪锌矿中的两相流体包裹体；B-石英中的两相流体包裹体；C-石英中的CO2三相包裹体；D-方解石中两相流体包裹体
Figure 4. Microscope characteristics of typical fluid inclusions from the Yushui copper polymetallic deposit
A -fluid inclusion which is two phases in sphalerite; B-fluid inclusion which is two phases in quartz; C-CO2 three-phase fluid inclusion in quartz; D-fluid inclusion which is two phases in calcite
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图 5 广东玉水铜多金属矿床成矿流体均一温度直方图、温度-盐度散点图
a-各类包裹体均一温度、盐度直方图；b-均一温度-盐度散点图
Figure 5. Homogenization temperature histograms and temperature-salinity scatter diagram of ore-forming fluid
a-Homogenization temperature and salinity histogram of fluid inclusion; b-Homogenization temperature-salinity scatter diagram
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图 6 玉水铜多金属矿床流体包裹体激光拉曼位移图
A-闪锌矿中水气液包裹体气相激光拉曼位移图; B-二氧化碳包裹体气相激光拉曼位移图; Sp-闪锌矿；Q-石英；CO2-二氧化碳
Figure 6. Laser Raman displacement graph of fluid inclusions from the Yushui copper polymetallic deposit
A-Laser Raman displacement graph of H2O fluid inclusion which exists in sphalerite; B-Laser Raman displacement graph of CO2 fluid inclusion in quartz (Sp-Sphalerite; Q-quartz; CO2-Carbon dioxide)
表 1 玉水铜多金属矿床流体包裹体性质
Table 1 Characteristics of fluid inclusions from the Yushui copper polymetallic deposit
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