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摘要:
青海可可西里自石炭纪以来经历了复杂的构造演化和地表过程，形成了集高山、宽谷、夷平面、冰川、热泉、河流和湖泊等地貌元素为一体的高原高寒地貌，同时还包括了蛇绿混杂岩带、活动断裂带、地震遗迹和火山遗迹等地质元素。在调研前人研究资料和实地野外考察基础之上，根据IUCN（2005）提出的13类地质主题分类标准将区内的地质遗迹分为地质构造、火山和地热遗迹、山脉、地层剖面、河流和湖泊、现代冰川、冰期遗迹7类，共计60余处地质遗迹点。可可西里地质遗迹对重建古特提斯构造域、研究天然地震机制、青藏高原北部隆升过程及全球气候变化均具有重要的意义。基于可可西里区内地质遗迹和前人资料恢复出可可西里石炭纪以来经历了8个构造演化阶段。
Abstract:Hoh Xil in Qinghai has undergone complicated tectonic evolution and surface process since Carboniferous. Some plateau and alpine landforms were formed by these geological processes, such as high mountains, broad valleys, planation surfaces, glaciers, hot springs, rivers and lakes. In addition, Hoh Xil has preserved some geological heritages, like ophiolitic mélange zone, fault zones, earthquake sites and volcanoes. In this paper, the authors divided geological heritages of Hoh Xil in Qinghai into seven types, i.e., geological structure, volcanic systems, mountains systems, stratigraphic sites, fluvial and lacustrine systems, glaciers, and ice ages site, which constitute more than sixty sites of geological heritages in accordance with IUCN (2005), based on geological field survey and previous studies. The results show that the study of geological heritages in Hoh Xil of Qinghai has important geoscience significance in reconstructing ancient Tethys and investigating the mechanism of earthquake, the uplift process of the Tibetan Plateau and the relevant global climate change. Eight tectonic evolution stages of Hoh Xil from Carboniferous to Quaternary were recognized on the basis of geological heritages in Hoh Xil area.
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Keywords:
- Hoh Xil /
- geological heritage /
- landform /
- geological significance /
- tectonic evolution
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致谢: 野外考察得到青海省住建厅和青海可可西里保护区的帮助，一起参加野外考察工作的还有于涵工程师和闻丞博士，在此一并表示感谢。
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图 2 可可西里地区综合柱状图（岩性资料据区调报告①②）
Figure 2. Stratigraphic columnar secton of Hoh Xil (lithology information after Regional Geological Survey Report ①②)
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图 3 可可西里地质遗迹照片
a-极高山昆仑山；b-高海拔丘陵风火山；c-玉珠峰冰川；d-玉珠峰冰舌；e-布喀达坂峰冰川；f-五道梁高原面；g-楚玛尔河；h-太阳湖东北热泉；i-昆仑山南麓断层三角面；j-五道梁南地表破裂；k-风火山地表破裂及地震鼓包；l-二道沟南断层
Figure 3. Photographs of geological heritage in Hoh Xil
a-Kunlun alpine; b-Fenghuoshan high altitude hill; c-Yuzhu glacier; d-Yuzhu glacier tongue; e-Bukadaban glacier; f-Wudaoliang plateau surface; g-Chumaer River; h-Thermal spring in the northeast of Taiyang Lake; i-Fault facets in the south of Kunlun Mountains; j-Surface rupture in the south of Wudaoliang; k-Surface rupture and earthquake drumlin in Fenghuoshan; l-Fault in the south of Erdaogou
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图 4 卓乃湖及周缘沼泽湿地遥感解译及剖面示意图（底图来自百度卫星地图）
Figure 4. The remote sensing interpretation and profile sketch map of Zhuonai Lake and its neighboring areas (base map after Baidu Satellite Map)
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图 6 可可西里地区断裂带-地震分布图（地震数据引自中国地震台网）
Figure 6. The distribution of faults and earthquake sites in Hoh Xil (earthquake-related data after China Earthquake Network Center)
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图 7 可可西里石炭纪-第四纪构造演化示意图
Figure 7. he tectonic evolution of Hoh Xil during Carboniferous to Quaternary
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