Geochemical characteristics of Linxi Formation along Taohaiyingzi section in Ar Horqin Banner, Inner Mongolia, and the constraint on the provenances and the tectonic settings
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摘要:
大兴安岭中南段上二叠统林西组发育厚层的暗色泥页岩，是区域上重要的上古生界生烃层系之一。阿鲁科尔沁旗陶海营子剖面是林西组的典型剖面之一，本文以该剖面为研究对象，对取自该剖面林西组的10件砂、泥岩样品进行主量元素、微量元素和稀土元素测试分析。剖面样品元素分析和物源判别函数（F1-F2）、Ni-TiO2、La/Th-Hf图解判别结果表明，陶海营子剖面林西组沉积物来源多样，主要来源于上地壳长英质火成物源区和石英岩沉积物源区，还有少量来自中、基性岩火成物源区。剖面样品微量元素PAAS（后太古庙澳大利亚页岩）标准化蛛网图、稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式图、K2O/Na2O-SiO2、Zr/Th、TiO2-（TFe2O3+MgO）图解、物源构造背景判别函数（F1-F2）'的分析判别和剖面样品与不同构造环境砂岩地球化学参数对比结果表明，陶海营子剖面林西组物源构造背景具有被动大陆边缘、活动大陆边缘和大陆岛弧特征，构造背景较复杂。综合分析可知，陶海营子剖面林西组物源主要为被动大陆边缘背景下的火成岩、石英质沉积岩，以及活动大陆边缘和大陆岛弧背景下的火成岩。结合前人相关研究成果，推测兴蒙造山带内伸展作用背景下的晚石炭世-二叠纪岩浆型被动陆缘沉积建造和与俯冲背景有关的古生代弧岩浆岩应该是陶海营子剖面林西组的主要物源。
Abstract:A set of thick-bedded dark muds and shales are developed in Linxi Formation of Upper Permian in south-central part of Da Hinggan Mountains, serving as one of the important Upper Paleozoic hydrocarbon source rock strata in this region. The Taohaiyingzi section in Ar Horqin Banner is one of the most typical sections of Linxi Formation, and the authors took the section as the study area. Test and analysis of major elements, trace elements and rare earth elements were conducted for ten pieces of sand or mud samples of Linxi Formation along the section. The results of element analysis and the diagrams of provenance discrimination function (F1-F2), Ni-TiO2 and La/Th-Hf show that Linxi Formation along the section had several provenances, which mainly included felsic igneous rock provenance and quartzite sedimentary provenance besides a minority of intermediate-basic igneous provenance. Based on the analysis of the spider diagram of trace elements standardized by PAAS, the distribution pattern of rare earth elements standardized by chondrite, the diagrams of K2O/Na2O-SiO2, Zr/Th and TiO2-TFe2O3+MgO and provenance tectonic setting discrimination function (F1-F2)'of the samples of the section, and the sand geochemical parameter contrast between the samples and different tectonic settings, the authors hold that the provenances of Linxi Formation along the section exhibited complex tectonic settings with the characteristics of passive continental margin, active continental margin and continental island arc. The comprehensive analysis shows that the provenances of Linxi Formation of the section consisted of igneous rocks and quartziferous sedimentary rocks under the passive continental margin background, and igneous rocks under the active continental margin and continental island arc background. Combined with the previous related study achievements, it could be concluded that the sedimentary formations of Late Carboniferous to Permian magmatic passive continental margin under extension background and Paleozoic arc magmatic rocks under subduction background in Xing'an-Mongolian Orogenic belt ought to be the primary provenances of Linxi Formation along the section.
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Keywords:
- Taohaiyingzi section /
- Linxi Formation /
- geochemistry /
- provenance /
- tectonic setting
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1. 研究目的（Objective）
松科二井，获取了从基底—火石岭组—沙河子组—营城组—登娄库组下部连续完整的原位岩心。本文对松科二井沙河子组上部的孢粉化石进行研究，为研究白垩纪地球温室气候和环境变化，建立服务“百年大庆”目标和基础地质研究的“金柱子”提供基础资料。
2. 研究方法（Methods）
孢粉样品采自松科二井3395.46~3901.35 m，岩性为黑色、灰黑色泥岩、粉砂质泥岩，层位为沙河子组上部。孢粉分析鉴定在吉林大学古生物学与地层学研究中心完成，具体过程为：每个样品取过筛的干样50 g，进行盐酸→氢氟酸→氢氧化钾→盐酸→硝酸→氢氧化钾→盐酸等分析处理，用筛选法将样品中的孢粉化石集中在试管中，制2个固定片在生物显微镜下鉴定。
3. 研究结果（Results）
依据松科二井3395.46~3901.35 m井段的孢粉化石演化特征，划分出两个孢粉组合。
（1）Leiotriletes sp.- Cyathidites australis - Chasmatosporites sp.组合（简称LCC组合），分布在3832.94~3901.35m井段。蕨类孢子占绝对优势，裸子类花粉较低，未见被子类花粉。蕨类孢子含量最高的是Cyathidites australis，其次是Leiotriletes sp.和Cyclogranisporites sp.，有时代意义的还有Cicatricosisporites exilis、C. minutaestriatus、C. splendidus、C.australiensis、Klukisporites sp.、Maculatisporites sp.、Triporoletes singularis、Trilobosporites tribotrys、Aequitriradites sp.和Polycingulatisporites reduncus等；裸子类花粉含量最高的是Chasmatosporites sp.，其次是Psophosphaera sp.，有时代意义的类型有Parvisaccites sp.、Erlianpollis minisculus、Paleoconifersp.、Pseudowalchia sp.和Classopollis sp.等。
（2）Klukisporites triangulus- Aequitriradites sp.- Pristinuspollenites sp.组合（简称KAP组合），分布在3395.46~3613.62 m井段。裸子类花粉百分含量（53.03%~72.13%）较高，其次为蕨类孢子（27.87% ~46.97%），未见到被子类花粉。裸子类花粉中含量最高的是Alisporites parvus，其次是Piceaepollenites sp.，含量较高的类型还有Chasmatosporites sp.、Pinuspollenites divulgatus和P. sp.等，有时代意义的还有Parvisaccites otagoensis、Erlianpollis minisculus、E. mediocris、Jiaohepollis sp.和Classopollis classoides等。蕨类孢子含量最高的是Klukisporites sp.，其次是Leiotriletes sp.和Cyathidites australis，含量较高的类型还有Cyclogranisporites sp.等，有时代意义的有Cicatricosisporites exilis、C.apiteretus、C. australiensis、Klukisporites triangulus、K.variegatus、Pilosisporites scitulus、Impardecispora sp.、Levisporites wulinensis、Triporoletes singularis、Trilobosporites humilis、Aequitriradites sp.和Schizaeoisporites sp.等。
含有早白垩世特有或在早白垩世繁盛的分子：Cicatricosisporites、Klukisporites、Pilosisporites、Maculatisporites、Impardecispora、Levisporites、Triporoletes、Trilobosporites、Aequitriradites、Schizaeoisporites、Polycingulatisporites、Parvisaccites、Paleoconiferus、Erlianpollis、Foveotriletes.和Classopollis等（图 1）。
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图 1 松科二井沙河子组部分孢粉化石（1-Cicatricosisporites exilis，样品号：SK2-375；2. -Cicatricosisporites minutaestriatus，标品号：SK2-385；3-Cicatricosisporites splendidus，标品号：SK2-385；4-Cicatricosisporites australiensis，样品号(sample number)：SK2-375；5-Levisporites wulinensis，样品号(sample number)：SK2-205；6. Aequitriradites sp.，样品号(sample number)：SK2-389; 7-Trilobosporites tribotrys，样品号(sample number)：SK2-389；8- Classopollis classoides，标品号：SK2-97；9-Erlianpollis minisculus，样品号(number)：SK2-395; 10. Parvisaccites sp.，样品号：SK2-395；11. Pilosisporites scitulus，标品号：SK2-201；12-Triporoletes asper，标品号(specimen number)：SK2-219；13. Foveotriletes subtriangulularis，样品号：SK2-219；14-Klukisporites triangulus，样品号(sample number)：SK2-205；15-Impardecispora sp.，样品号：SK2-201; 16-Schizaeoisporites polaris，样品号：SK2-173；17-Polycingulatisporites reduncus，标品号：SK2-395；18-Maculatisporites sp.，样品号：SK2-391。19-Chasmatosporites sp.，样品号：SK2-389; 20-Paleoconiferae sp.，样品号(sample number)：SK2-391;线段比例尺为10 μm, the scale of the line segment is 10 μm）Figure 1. Spores and pollen from the Lower Cretaceous Shahezi Formation in Well SK2上述2个孢粉组合分布在，属沙河子组上部，LCC组合蕨类孢子百分含量占绝对优势，裸子类花粉较少，从组合特点来看，可以与高瑞琪等人建立的沙河子组上部Granulatisporites-Lophotriletes-Cicatricosisporites组合大致对比，但上部的KAP组合层位显然高于高瑞琪等人建立的孢粉组合。与高瑞琪等人建立的孢粉组合相比，当前孢粉组合出现的有时代意义的孢粉类型更多且时代更新。
4. 结论（Conclusions）
两个孢粉组合海金砂科孢子繁盛，类型多样化，没有发现早期被子植物花粉；虽在蕨类孢子与裸子类花粉的百分含量及属种构成上明显不同，但出现的有时代意义的化石类型基本相同，其时代均为早白垩世早期。
5. 致谢（Acknowledgement）
本文为国家自然科学基金项目（41790451)和中国地质调查局项目（DD20190097）共同资助。孢粉化石由张淑琴研究员鉴定。
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图 1 陶海营子剖面及其周缘地区大地构造位置概图和地质简图
Figure 1. Overview of the geotectonic location and sketch geological map of Taohaiyingzi section and adjacent areas
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图 2 陶海营子剖面林西组地质剖面及采样位置图
Figure 2. Geological section and sampling location map of Linxi Formation along Taohaiyingzi section
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图 3 陶海营子剖面林西组样品（a）和不同构造环境下（b,c,d）微量元素蛛网图（沈渭洲等，2009）
（标准化数据引自 Taylor et al.,1985）
Figure 3. Trace element spider diagrams of the samples of Linxi Formation along Taohaiyingzi section（a）and rocks in different
（standard data after Taylor et al.,1985）
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图 4 陶海营子剖面林西组样品(a)和不同构造环境下(b)球粒陨石标准化稀土元素分布模式图(沈渭洲等，2009)
球粒陨石标准化值引自Boynton (1984)；不同构造环境的原始数据引自Bhatia et al. (1986)
Figure 4. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns of the samples of Linxi Formation along Taohaiyingzi section(a) and rocks in different tectonic settings(b)(after Shen Weizhou et al., 2009)
Chondrite data after Boynton (1984); primary data of different tectonic environment after Bhatia et al. (1986)
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图 5 陶海营子剖面林西组样品F1-F2(a)、La/Th-Hf (b)、La/Yb-∑REE(c)和Ni-TiO2(d)
物源判别图解(Allegre et al., 1974；Roser et al., 1988; Floyd et al., 1987, 1989)
Figure 5. Provenance discrimination diagrams showing F1-F2(a), La/Th-Hf (b), La/Yb-∑REE(c) and Ni-TiO2(d)of the samples of
Linxi Fromation along Taohaiyingzi section(Allegre et al., 1974; Roser et al., 1988; Floyd et al., 1987, 1989)
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图 6 陶海营子剖面林西组样品(TFe2O3+MgO)-TiO2(a)、(F1-F2)’(b)和SiO2-K2O/Na2O(c, d)物源构造背景判别图解
Figure 6. Discrimination diagrams showing (TFe2O3+MgO)-TiO2(a), (F1-F2)'(b) and SiO2-K2O/Na2O(c, d)tectonic settings of the provenances of the samples of Linxi Formation along Taohaiyingzi section
表 1 陶海营子剖面林西组样品主量(%)、微量(10-6)和稀土元素(10-6)分析结果
Table 1 Major(%), trace(10-6) and rare earth element(10-6)compositions of the samples from Linxi Formation along Taohaiyingzi section
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 陶海营子剖面林西组样品与不同构造环境砂岩地球化学参数对比
Table 2 Geochemical parameter comparisons between the samples of Linxi Formation of Taohaiyingzi section and sandstones under different tectonic settings
下载: 导出CSV
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