An analysis of subsidence characteristics and affecting factors in the Pearl River Mouth Basin in Cenozoic
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摘要:
为了研究珠江口盆地的沉降特征、沉降特征时空差异性以及影响因素，文章共选取了32口人工井进行沉降史计算，并进行综合分析，从中又特选出12口典型人工井进行对比分析，编绘和对比分析了3条典型沉降演化图。结果表明：盆地整体沉降可分为3幕，第一幕为始新世，平均总沉降速率为85 m/Ma；第二幕为渐新世至中中新世，平均总沉降速率为146 m/Ma；第三幕为晚中新世至第四纪，平均总沉降速率为104 m/Ma。同一时期不同构造单元之间及同一构造单元在不同时期，沉降与演化特征都存在差异性，各时期沉降速率平面分布表现出"分区"、"分带"的特征，沉降演化的差异性变化与盆地的演化阶段及其构造特征有关。盆地整体沉降特征受成盆动力学影响，而沉降特征差异性受盆地动力学和构造格局共同影响。珠江口盆地整体沉降表现为"幕式"特征，沉降及其演化特征表现出明显的时空差异性，盆地动力学特征和构造格局共同影响盆地的沉降特征。
Abstract:In order to study the characteristics of subsidence and the difference between each tectonic unit and time as well as its affecting factors in Pearl River Mouth Basin, the authors chose 32 simulation wells to calculate the subsidence and to make comprehensive analysis, and selected 12 typical wells from 32 simulation wells to make contrastive analysis. In the meantime, 3 typically evolution sections were also analyzed comprehensively. According to the results obtained, the overall subsidence can be divided into three episodes:the first episode was Eocene, whose average overall subsidence rate was 85m/myr; the second episode was from Oligocene to Middle Miocene, whose average overall subsidence rate was 146m/myr; the third episode was from Late Miocene to Quaternary, whose average overall subsidence rate was 104m/myr. The subsidence and evolution characteristics of various tectonic units were different during the same period, and the characteristics of subsidence and evolution in the same unit were also varied during different periods. The subsidence rate on the same plane can be arranged into different zones. The diversity in the changes during the subsidence evolution was affected by tectonic evolution stages of the basin as well as the structural characteristics. The characteristics of overall subsidence were controlled by basin dynamics, whereas the differences of subsidence were controlled by dynamics and structural framework. The overall subsidence can be divided into several episodes in Pearl River Mouth Basin. The characteristics of subsidence and evolution were varied between different time and space spans. Both of the basin dynamics and structural framework controlled the features of subsidence.
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Keywords:
- Pearl River Mouth Basin /
- subsidence /
- characteristics /
- difference /
- affecting factors
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致谢: 审稿专家、编辑针对文章提供了宝贵的意见和建议，使本文增色不少，在此一并表示感谢！
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图 1 珠江口盆地构造单元及基底断裂
Figure 1. The tectonic units and basement faults in Pearl River mouth Basin
(modified after Chen Changmin, 2003; Zhu Weilin et al., 2010)
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图 2 珠江口盆地综合柱状图
（据全国地层委员会，2002；汪啸风等，2005；程裕淇等，2009；刘新宇等，2009；蔡周荣等，2010；朱伟林等，2010；赵迎东等，2015编绘）
Figure 2. Stratigraphic column of Pearl River Basin
(modified after All China Commission of Stratigraphy, 2002; Wang Xiaofeng et al., 2005; Chen Yuqi et al., 2009; Liu Xinyu et al., 2009; Cai Zhourong et al., 2010; Zhu Weilin et al., 2010; Zhao Yingdong et al., 2015)
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图 3 典型地震剖面
Figure 3. The typical seismic sections
(The location of sections are in Fig 1 and the original sections are modified after Zhu Weilin et al., 2010)
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图 4 海平面变化图（据Watts等，1981, 转田在艺等，1996）
虚线是Wise（1974）据北美数据估算出来的，实线是Watts（1979）据北美东部钻井资料计算得到的
Figure 4. The change curve of sea level (after Watts et al., 1981)
The solid line was estimated by Wise based on data from North America; the dotted line was calculated by Watts based on well data from eastern part of North America
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图 5 盆地整体沉降曲线图和沉降速率图
a—总沉降曲线图；b—总构造沉降曲线图；c—平均总沉降速率与平均构造沉降速率图；a和b中每根线为一口井的沉降曲线
Figure 5. The overall subsidence curve and subsidence rate
a-Total subsidence curve; b-Total tectonic subsidence curve; c-Average value of overall subsidence rate and average value of tectonic subsidence rate; the lines in a and b are subsidence curves of 32 simulations wells
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图 8 AA’局部沉降演化图
Figure 8. The AA' regional evolution section
(The location of section is in Fig. 1 and the original section is modified after Zhu Weilin et al., 2010)
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图 9 BB’局部沉降演化图
Figure 9. The BB' regional evolution section
(The location of section is in Fig. 1 and the original section is modified after Zhu Weilin et al., 2010)
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图 10 CC’局部沉降演化图
Figure 10. The CC'regional evolution section
(The location of the section is in Fig. 1 and the original section is modified after Zhu Weilin et al., 2010)
表 2 正常情况下采用的压实参数和单一颗粒沉积物密度
Table 2 The compacting factor and density of single sediment granules under normal circumstance
下载: 导出CSV
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