The impact of climatic warm-wet situation of the Tibetan Plateau on the water resources and environment in Qaidam Basin
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摘要:
通过分析研究格尔木和德令哈两个典型流域气象要素、径流及全盆地土地覆盖类型面积的变化，发现青藏高原暖湿化对柴达木盆地水资源与环境影响显著。研究区气温明显上升、干旱指数显著下降，暖湿化明显。2000-2016年与1960-1999年相比，格尔木和德令哈年均气温分别上升了1.7℃和1.3℃、年均降水量分别增加了2 mm和63 mm、年均径流量分别增加了240×106和90×106 m3。2000-2012年全盆地裸地减少，草地、永久冰雪、水体面积、开放灌丛面积增加，植被生态向好发展。暖湿化促使降水量增加是河川径流量和水资源增加及生态环境改善的主要原因。现阶段暖湿化环境对盆地水资源开发利用和生态环境保护有利，但其对改善环境的可持续性需要进一步监测和研究。
Abstract:Through studying the changes for meteorological factors, runoff and land cover in Golmud and Delingha in Qaidam Basin, it is found that the water resources and environment has been influenced significantly by climatic warm-wet situation in the-Tibetan Plateau. In the study area, the temperature increases significantly, the drought index decreases significantly, and the climatic warm-wet situation is significant. From 2000 to 2016, the annual average temperature increased respectively 1.7℃ and 1.3℃, annual average precipitation increased respectively 2 mm and 63 mm, annual average runoff increased respectively 240×106 and 90×106 m3, compared with 1960-1999, in Golmud and Delingha basin. From 2000 to 2012, the bare land in the whole basin decreased, the area of grassland, permanent ice, snow, water area and open shrub increased, and ecological vegetation was developed very well. The climatic warm-wet situation promotes the increase in precipitation, and it is the main reason for the increase of runoff, water resources, as well as the improvement of ecological environment. At the present stage, the warm-wet environment is beneficial to water resources development and ecological environmental protection in Qaidam Basin; nevertheless, the sustainable development of the water resources and environment needs further monitoring and deep research.
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图 1 柴达木盆地地势及水系分布图
Figure 1. Distribution of geomorphology and hydrographic net in Qaidam Basin
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图 2 格尔木与德令哈气象站要素历时曲线及其变化趋势图
Figure 2. Meteorological factors duration curve and changing trend of Golmud and Delingha
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图 3 格尔木与德令哈气象要素及径流量历时变化对比图
Figure 3. Duration curve of meteorological factors and river runoff in Golmud and Delingha station
表 1 格尔木和德令哈主要气象要素历年观测值一览
Table 1 A list of annual observations of main meteorological elements in Golmud and Delingha
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表 2 格尔木和德令哈气象要素特征值统计
Table 2 Statistical table of meteorological features in Golmud and Delingha
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表 3 柴达木盆地2000－2012年主要的土地覆盖类型面积（km2）变化一览
Table 3 Area change statistics of main land cover types from 2000 to 2012 in Qaidam Basin(km2)
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