Research and application of while drilling temperature measurement technology under high temperature and high pressure in Well Songke-2
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摘要:
松科二井是亚洲国家组织实施的最深大陆科学钻井。松科二井完钻后38 h测井温度为241℃，创造了我国钻井工程最高井温应用记录。松科二井井内参数测试主要采用两种方法，一是综合物探测井，在下套管前进行综合测井；另一种是不影响正常钻进工作，随钻进行井下参数测试。及时掌握井下随钻温度等信息，对高温泥浆性能的调整和动力机具应用起着关键性的支撑作用。本文针对松科二井科学钻探高温难点问题展开系列研究，研制了一种存储式井下高温测试仪器。该仪器经过多轮攻关改进设计，成功应用于松科二井现场，在现场应用的最高随钻测试温度为222℃。
Abstract:Well Songke-2 is the deepest continental scientific drilling carried out by Asian countries. The logging temperature of Well Songke-2 Songke-2 was 241℃ after drilling for 38 hours, which created the highest well temperature application record of drilling engineering in China. The parameters of Well Songke-2 are mainly tested in two ways:one is integrated logging before casing, whereas the other is downhole parameter measurement while drilling which does not affect normal drilling work. Timely grasping the information such as the temperature while drilling plays a key supporting role in the adjustment of high temperature mud performance and the application of power tools. The authors carried out a series of researches on the problem of high temperature in Well Songke-2, and developed a storage type measurement while drilling instrument. The instrument was improved and designed through multiple rounds of research and finally it has been successfully applied to Well Songke-2.
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1. 研究目的（Objective）
前人对华北克拉通南缘燕山期花岗岩的研究主要集中于鲁山以西地区，且重点关注对象为岩基、面积较大的岩株以及与成矿作用相关中—酸性小岩体。鲁山以东地区也广泛出露燕山期花岗岩，但其岩石成因研究成果报道较少，特别是那些“不具成矿效应”的花岗岩小岩体。吴沟花岗岩位于华北克拉通南缘（图 1a），北东距舞阳约28 km，地表出露不连续（图 1b），其成因研究可为东秦岭燕山期深部构造演化提供新的约束。
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图 1 秦岭构造分区简图(a)、吴沟花岗岩区域地质简图(b)及样品WG02的锆石阴极发光图像(c)和锆石U-Pb谐和图（d）Figure 1. Tectonic sketch map of the Qinling Oroginic Belt (a), Regional gelogical map of the Wugou granite(b, )cathodoluminescence images (c) and concardia diagram(d) of zircons in sample WG022. 研究方法（Methods）
对吴沟花岗岩的斑状黑云母二长花岗岩样品WG02进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS定年，锆石分选在河北省廊坊区域所实验室完成，锆石制靶和透、反射光及阴极发光照相由北京锆年领航科技有限公司完成。斑状黑云母二长花岗岩样品中的锆石发育振荡环带表明它们为岩浆锆石（图 1c）。锆石UPb年龄测试在西北大学大陆动力学国家重点实验室完成，使用Glitter软件处理锆石测点的U-Pb同位素比值和表面年龄计算，运用Isoplot软件计算加权平均年龄和绘制U-Pb谐和图。
3. 结果（Results）
对样品WG02累计完成了30个锆石测点的分析（表 1），其中测点WG02-10的测点值明显偏离U-Pb谐和线，数据处理中不予以考虑。剩余29颗有效锆石测点的年龄可分成3组：（1）第一组由测点WG02-11组成，其Th/U比值为0.25，206Pb/207Pb年龄为(2365 ± 35)Ma，属于古元古代；（2）第二组由WG02-02、-15和-16等3颗锆石颗粒组成，Th/U比值介于0.55~0.74，206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为(144.6± 1.8)Ma；（3）由剩余25颗锆石组成，Th/U比值介于0.48~1.07，206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为(130.8±0.8)Ma（图 1d）。
表 1 吴沟花岗岩样品WG02锆石LA-ICP-MS定年结果Table 1. Zircon LA-ICP-MS dating results of sample WG02 from the Wugou granite
这形成了吴沟花岗岩的锆石年龄谱。最老一组锆石应是部分熔融源区的残余锆石，表明早元古界参与形成了吴沟花岗岩。~145 Ma锆石说明吴沟花岗岩经历了混合作用，即深部岩浆/流体注入到晶出~145 Ma锆石的未完全固结岩浆房内，混合活化后携带~145 Ma锆石上侵固结成岩，~131 Ma代表了吴沟花岗岩的形成时代。
4. 结论（Conclusions）
(1) 吴沟花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为(130.8±0.8) Ma，形成于早白垩世。
(2) 吴沟花岗岩的锆石U-Pb定年结果形成了锆石年龄谱，其成岩过程中经历了岩浆混合作用。
(3) 吴沟花岗岩是华北克拉通南缘燕山期岩石圈减薄过程的产物。
5. 致谢（Acknowledgements）
基金项目：河南省国土资源厅科技攻关项目“河南省东秦岭碱性侵入岩岩石成因及成矿预测研究”（2014-06）、“河南省西峡县高庄—梅子沟金矿带成矿规律及找矿技术方法研究”（2016-08）及国家自然科学基金“河南省嵩县南部正长岩的U-Pb定年、锆石Hf同位素及地球化学特征”（U1504405）共同资助。
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图 1 随钻测温仪的多工艺配套方式
Figure 1. Multi-process matching mode of high temperature measurement while drilling instrument
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图 3 松科二井高温测试仪系统的组成
Figure 3. Composition of high temperature measurement while drilling instrument system
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图 5 433WU-TX287回次随钻测温数据
Figure 5. Time-temperature curve in the 433WU-TX 287th roundtrip
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