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甘肃省滴水山金矿区火山岩锆石U-Pb年龄、岩石地球化学特征及其形成的构造背景

杨永春, 余君鹏, 赵得龙, 李生栋, 刘家军, 王学银, 王小强, 孔维琼, 王作刚

杨永春, 余君鹏, 赵得龙, 李生栋, 刘家军, 王学银, 王小强, 孔维琼, 王作刚. 甘肃省滴水山金矿区火山岩锆石U-Pb年龄、岩石地球化学特征及其形成的构造背景[J]. 中国地质, 2019, 46(6): 1454-1480. DOI: 10.12029/gc20190614
引用本文: 杨永春, 余君鹏, 赵得龙, 李生栋, 刘家军, 王学银, 王小强, 孔维琼, 王作刚. 甘肃省滴水山金矿区火山岩锆石U-Pb年龄、岩石地球化学特征及其形成的构造背景[J]. 中国地质, 2019, 46(6): 1454-1480. DOI: 10.12029/gc20190614
YANG Yongchun, YU Junpeng, ZHAO Delong, LI Shengdong, LIU Jiajun, WANG Xueyin, WANG Xiaoqiang, KONG Weiqiong, WANG Zuogang. Zircon U-Pb dating and geochemistry of the volcanic rocks in the Dishuishan gold deposit in Gansu Province and its tectonic setting[J]. GEOLOGY IN CHINA, 2019, 46(6): 1454-1480. DOI: 10.12029/gc20190614
Citation: YANG Yongchun, YU Junpeng, ZHAO Delong, LI Shengdong, LIU Jiajun, WANG Xueyin, WANG Xiaoqiang, KONG Weiqiong, WANG Zuogang. Zircon U-Pb dating and geochemistry of the volcanic rocks in the Dishuishan gold deposit in Gansu Province and its tectonic setting[J]. GEOLOGY IN CHINA, 2019, 46(6): 1454-1480. DOI: 10.12029/gc20190614

甘肃省滴水山金矿区火山岩锆石U-Pb年龄、岩石地球化学特征及其形成的构造背景

基金项目: 

国家自然科学重点基金 41730426

中国地质调查局地质调查项目 DD20160012

中国地质调查局地质调查项目 121201004000172201-47

详细信息
    作者简介:

    杨永春, 男, 1987年生, 硕士, 工程师, 主要从事矿产勘查及矿床地球化学的研究工作; E-mail:yangshengkai2008@126.com

    通讯作者:

    刘家军, 男, 1963生, 教授, 主要从事矿床地球化学及成矿规律方面的研究; E-mail:liujiajun@cugb.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: P597.3;P588.14

Zircon U-Pb dating and geochemistry of the volcanic rocks in the Dishuishan gold deposit in Gansu Province and its tectonic setting

Funds: 

the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China 41730426

China Geological Survey Program DD20160012

China Geological Survey Program 121201004000172201-47

More Information
    Author Bio:

    YANG Yongchun, male, born in 1987, engineer, master, mainly engages in the study of geological prospecting and geochemistry of mineral deposits; E-mail: yangshengkai2008@126.com

    Corresponding author:

    LIU Jiajun, male, born in 1963, professor, mainly engages in the study of geochemistry of mineral deposits and mineralizing regularity; E-mail: liujiajun@cugb.edu.cn

  • 摘要:

    滴水山金矿床为北祁连造山带西段赋存于火山岩中的构造蚀变岩型金矿床。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果表明,滴水山金矿区安山质晶屑凝灰岩年龄为(479.7±6.9)Ma,形成时代为早奥陶世,花岗闪长岩年龄为(426.9±6.7)Ma,时代为中志留世,含金黄铁绢英岩锆石U-Pb年龄(482.7±9.5)Ma,代表了赋矿火山岩的形成年龄,成矿时代应晚于(426.9±6.7)Ma;岩矿石地球化学特征表明,赋矿火山岩富集大离子亲石元素(LILE,如K、Rb、Th),明显亏损高场强元素(HFSE,如Nb、Ta、P、Ti),岩矿石稀土元素配分形式基本一致,呈右缓倾,轻稀土相对富集,具弱的铕负异常,形成于洋壳俯冲的岛弧环境,由俯冲板片脱水产生的流体交代地幔楔发生部分熔融而形成,在岩浆向上运移的过程中遭受了上地壳混染。花岗闪长岩SiO2=67.48%~72.68%,K2O+Na2O=7.15%~7.44%,里特曼指数δ值1.78~2.07,铝质指数A/CNK介于0.95~1.19,富集K、Rb、Th、U等大离子亲石元素和亏损Nb、P、Ti等高场强元素,稀土分配曲线呈右倾,轻稀土相对富集,具中等铕负异常,属钠质钙碱系列、弱过铝质I型花岗岩类,形成于弧-陆碰撞的火山岛弧环境,具壳幔混合成因的特点。综合区域地质资料,滴水山金矿成岩成矿构造背景为早奥陶世北祁连洋盆向阿拉善陆块之下俯冲,形成岛弧火山岩,为矿源层;中志留世,因弧-陆碰撞,形成同碰撞花岗闪长岩,晚志留世后造山作用及造山后的伸展,导致金的富集。

    Abstract:

    Located in the west part of North Qilian orogenic zone, the Dishuishan gold deposit is one of the altered cataclastic rock type deposits hosted in volcanic rocks. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb chronology indicates that the andesitic crystal tuff was emplaced at (479.7±6.9) Ma, the granodiorite was emplaced at (426.9±6.7)Ma, and the gold bearing beresite was emplaced at (482.7±9.5)Ma, which represent the ages of ore-bearing volcanic rocks, whereas metallogenic age should be later than (426.9±6.7)Ma. The geochemical data suggest that the trace elements of volcanic rocks are rich in K, Rb, Th, and relatively depleted in Nb, Ta, P, Ti. The volcanic rocks and related mineral ores have similar chondrite-normalized REE patterns, exhibiting right-dip curve, the LREE are relatively enriched and Eu negative anomaly is weak. Combined with the trace elements and the REE characteristics, the authors infer that the volcanic rocks were formed in an island-arc setting, related to subduction of Qilian oceanic crust. The volcanic magma contaminated by the upper crust probably came from the partial melting of the mantle wedge, which had undergone metasomatism induced by the subduction fluid. The chemical composition of the granodiorite reveals SiO2 values ranging from 67.48% to 72.68%, K2O+Na2O values ranging from 7.15% to 7.44%, Rittmann index ranging from 1.78 to 2.07, and aluminous index A/CNK values ranging from 0.95% to 1.19%; the trace elements show enrichment of K, Rb, Th, U and relative depletion of Nb, P Ti. The LREE are relatively enriched and Eu negative anomaly is medium. The granodiorite belongs to Na calc-alkaline series weakly peraluminous I-type granitoid, and was formed in a volcanic island-arc setting of arc-continent collision and indicated crust and mantle source. According to regional geological data, the metallogenic tectonic background of the Dishuishan gold deposit was developed from the subduction of the North Qilian ocean basin beneath Alxa land block in Early Ordovician, which formed island-arc volcanic rock, and acted as main source bed→arc-continent collision in Middle Silurian period, which formed syncollisional granodiorite after Late Silurian period, and Qilian orogeny and intraplate extension in the post orogenic stage led to the enrichment of gold.

  • 致谢: 本次研究工作得到甘肃省地矿局四勘院各级领导、中国地质大学(北京)博士梁亚运、杨尚松的指导和帮助, 论文修改中匿名审稿专家提出很多宝贵意见, 在此一并表示感谢!
    注释
    ➊惠剑宁, 王学银, 王党琦. 2013.甘肃省玉门市滴水山金矿普查报告[R].酒泉:甘肃省地质矿产勘查开发局第四地质矿产勘查院.
  • 图  1   滴水山金矿区大地构造位置(a, 据夏林圻等, 2016修改)及地质简图(b, 据资料修编)

    1-第四系全新统洪冲积物; 2-上奥陶统妖魔山组; 3-下奥陶统阴沟群上组; 4-下奥陶统阴沟群中组; 5-花岗闪长岩; 6-闪长玢岩; 7-花岗闪长岩脉; 8-闪长岩脉; 9-蚀变碎裂岩带; 10-金矿体及编号; 11-地质界线; 12-平移断层; 13-推测/实测性质不明断层; 14-实测逆冲断层; 15-探槽位置及编号; 16-钻孔位置及编号; 17-岩层产状; 18-采样位置; 19-实测剖面位置及编号; 20-综合异常及编号

    Figure  1.   Geotectonic location (modified from Xia Linqi et al., 2016) and geological map (modified from Hui Jianning et al., 2013) of Dishuishan gold orefield

    1-Quaternary Holocene alluvial-pluvial deposit; 2-Yaomoshan Formation of Upper Ordovician; 3-Upper Yingou Group of Lower Ordovician; 4-Middle Yingou Group of Lower Ordovician; 5-Caledonian granodiorite; 6-Caledonian diorite porphyrite; 7- Granodiorite vein; 8-Diorite vein; 9-Altered cataclastic rock band; 10-Gold orebody and its serial number; 11-Geological boundary; 12-Parallel displacement fault; 13-Inferred/ measured unknown fault; 14-Measured thrust fault; 15-Exploratory trench location and serial number; 16-Drill hole and its serial number; 17-Attitude of rocks; 18-Sampling location; 19-Measured profile location and serial number; 20-Comprehensive anomaly and its serial number

    图  2   滴水山金矿区阴沟群及其南侧花岗闪长岩体实测剖面

    1-第四系全新统残坡积物; 2-岩屑砂岩; 3-安山质晶屑凝灰岩; 4-安山质岩屑晶屑角砾凝灰岩; 5-安山岩; 6-糜棱岩化安山质晶屑凝灰岩; 7-花岗闪长岩; 8-金矿化蚀变碎裂岩; 9-石英脉; 10-蚀变碎裂岩; 11-金矿体; 12-性质不明断层

    Figure  2.   Measured section of Yingou Group and granodiorite body in Dishuishan gold field

    1-Quaternary Holocene residual-slope deposits; 2-Lithic sandstone; 3-Andesitic crystal tuff; 4-Andesitic debris crystal breccia tuff; 5-Andesite; 6-Mylonitic andesitic crystal tuff; 7-Granodiorite; 8-Gold mineralized altered cataclastic rock; 9-Quartz vein; 10-Altered cataclastic rock; 11-Gold orebody; 12-Fault character unknown

    图  3   滴水山金矿区火山岩岩相学特征

    a-安山质晶屑凝灰岩标本; b-安山质岩屑晶屑角砾凝灰岩标本; c-斜长石、角闪石晶屑及后期蚀变形成的绿泥石, 透射光; d-斜长石和辉石的晶屑残留体及后期蚀变形成的绿泥石, 透射光; e-斜长石、角闪石晶屑及后期蚀变形成的绿泥石, 正交偏光; f-斜长石和辉石的晶屑残留体及后期蚀变形成的绢云母, 正交偏光; Pl-斜长石; Hb-角闪石; Chl-绿泥石; Ser-绢云母

    Figure  3.   Petrography of Yingou Group volcanic rocks and mineragraphy of the ore in Dishuishan gold orefield

    a- Specimen of andesitic crystal tuff; b- Specimen of andesitic debris crystal breccia tuff; c- Crystal fragment of plagioclase and amphibole and chlorite formed by late alteration, transmitted light; d- Crystalline residue of plagioclase and pyroxene and chlorite formed by late alteration, transmitted light; e-Crystal fragment of plagioclase and amphibole and chlorite formed by late alteration, crossed nicols; f-Crystalline residue of plagioclase and pyroxene and sericite formed by late alteration, crossed nicols; Pl-Plagioclase; Hb-Hornblende; Chl-Chlorite; Ser-Sericite;

    图  4   滴水山金矿区矿石矿相学特征和花岗闪长岩岩相学特征

    a-强硅化黄铁绢英岩型金矿石地表露头; b-自形晶结构、环边结构黄铁矿产于石英脉中, 见有晚期毒砂, 呈针柱状, 单偏光; c-花岗闪长岩标本; d-斜长石残斑、角闪石、钾长石、石英及后期蚀变形成的绢云母, 正交偏光; Pl-斜长石; Hb-角闪石; Ser-绢云母; Qz-石英; Or-钾长石; Ars-毒砂; Py-黄铁矿

    Figure  4.   Mineragraphy of the ore and petrography of granodiorite in Dishuishan gold orefield

    a-Surface outcrop of strongly silicified beresite type gold ore; b-Euhedral crystal structure, rimmed structure pyrite from quartz veins, developing late arsenopyrite, plainlight; c- Specimen of granodiorite, plainlight; d- Crystalline residue of plagioclase and pyroxene, amphibole, potassium feldspar, quartz and sericite formed by late alteration, crossed nicols; Pl-Plagioclase; Hb-Hornblende; Ser-Sericite; Qz-Quartz; Or-potassium feldspar; Ars-Arsenopyrite; Py-Pyrite

    图  5   赋矿火山岩Zr/P2O5−TiO2图解(据Winchester, 1977; Zhu et al., 2012)

    Figure  5.   Zr/P2O5−TiO2 diagram (after Winchester, 1977; Zhu et al., 2012) of volcanic rocks

    图  6   赋矿火山岩及矿石的微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图(a)及其稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式图(b) (原始地幔值和球粒陨石值据Sun et al., 1989)

    Figure  6.   Primitive mantle−normalized trace elements patterns (a) and chondrite−normalized REE patterns (b) for the volcanic rocks and ores (normalized values after Sun et al., 1989)

    图  7   花岗闪长岩SiO2-(Na2O+K2O)图解(据Middlemost, 1994))

    1-橄榄辉长岩; 2a-碱性辉长岩; 2b-亚碱性辉长岩; 3-辉长闪长岩; 4-闪长岩; 5-花岗闪长岩; 6-花岗岩; 7-硅英岩; 8-二长辉长岩; 9-二长闪长岩; 10-二长岩; 11-石英二长岩; 12-正长岩; 13-副长石辉长岩; 14-副长石二长闪长岩; 15-副长石二长正长岩; 16-副长正长岩; 17-副长深成岩; 18-霓方钠岩/磷霞岩/粗白榴岩; Ir-Irvine分界线; 上方为碱性, 下方为亚碱性

    Figure  7.   SiO2−(Na2O+K2O) diagram of granodiorite (after Middlemost, 1994)

    1- Olivine gabbro; 2a- Alkali gabbro; 2b- Sub- alkaline gabbro; 3- Gabbro diorite; 4- Diorite; 5- Granodiorite; 6- Granite; 7-Quartzolite; 8-Monzogabbro; 9-Mmonzodiorite; 10-Monzonite; 11- Quartz monzonite; 12- Syenite; 13- Olivine gabbro; 14- Foid monzodiorite; 15- Foid monzosyenite; 16- Foid plagisyenite; 17-Foidolite; 18-Tawite/ urtite/ italite; Ir-Irvine dividing line, above the line is alkali, below is sub−alkali

    图  8   花岗闪长岩Na2O对K2O (a) (据Middlemost, 1972)和A/CNK对A/NK (b)图解(据Maniar et al., 1989)

    Figure  8.   Na2O−K2O (a) (after Middlemost, 1972) and A/CNK−A/NK (b) (after Maniar et al., 1989) diagrams of granodiorite

    图  9   花岗闪长岩微量元素原始地幔蛛网图(a)及其稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式图(b) (原始地幔值和球粒陨石值据资料Sun et al., 1989)

    Figure  9.   Primitive mantle−normalized trace elements patterns (a) and chondrite−normalized REE patterns (b) for the granodiorite (normalized values after Sun et al., 1989)

    图  10   安山质晶屑凝灰岩(a)、含金黄铁绢英岩(b)、花岗闪长岩(c)锆石CL图像及U-Pb年龄(Ma)

    Figure  10.   Zirons CL images and U-Pb ages of andesitic crystal tuff (a), gold bearing beresite (b) and granodiorite (c)

    图  11   安山质晶屑凝灰岩(a)、含金黄铁绢英岩(b)和花岗闪长岩(c)锆石U−Pb谐和图

    Figure  11.   Ziron U−Pb Concordia diagram of andesitic crystal tuff (a), gold bearing beresite (b) and granodiorite (c)

    图  12   花岗闪长岩C/MF−A/MF图解(a)(据Alther et al., 2000)和Rb/Sr−Rb/Ba图解(b)(据Sylvester, 1998)

    Figure  12.   C/MF−A/MF diagram (after Alther et al., 2000) and Rb/Sr−Rb/Ba diagram(after Sylvester, 1998) of granodiorite

    图  13   研究区赋矿火山岩和花岗闪长岩Y+Nb对Rb (a)与Yb+Ta对Rb (b)图解(据Pearce et al., 1984)

    Figure  13.   (Y+Nb)−Rb (a) and (Yb+Ta)−Rb (b) diagrams of volcanic rocks and granodiorite (after Pearce et al., 1984)

    图  14   花岗闪长岩SiO2-Nb (a)(底图据毛景文等, 2004)和R1-R2图解(b)(底图据Bachelor, 1985)

    Figure  14.   SiO2−Nb diagram (a)(after Mao et al., 2004) and R1−R2 diagram (b) (after Bachelor, 1985) of granodiorite

    表  1   滴水山矿区和寒山矿区赋矿火山岩及金矿石主量元素(%)、微量元素和稀土元素(10-6)分析结果

    Table  1   Major elements(%), trace elements and REE analyses(10-6)of volcanic rocks and ore in Dishuishan and Hanshan gold orefield

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2   滴水山矿区和寒山矿区花岗闪长岩主量元素(%)、微量元素、稀土元素(10−6)分析及CIPW计算结果

    Table  2   Major elements, trace elements, REE and CIPW calculation results of granodiorite in Dishuishan and Hanshan gold orefield

    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3   滴水山金矿区LA−ICP−MS锆石U−Pb测试结果

    Table  3   LA−ICP−MS zircon U−Pb dating results in Dishuishan gold orefield

    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2018-12-03
  • 修回日期:  2019-12-03
  • 网络出版日期:  2023-09-25
  • 刊出日期:  2019-12-24

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