Stratigraphic correlation of the wells of Juyanhai depression of Yingen-Ejin Basin and age constraints on oil and gas layers
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摘要:研究目的
银额盆地居延海坳陷具有良好的油气勘探前景，但钻井揭示的主要岩石地层单元时代及主要含油气层时代认识存在一定争议，因此系统开展地层划分对比，明确主要岩石地层单元与油气层的时代，对盆地构造沉积演化、油气地质条件评价与研究，以及勘探部署具有重要意义。
研究方法对居延海坳陷不同凹陷钻井地层岩石学及岩性组合特征、古生物特征等综合研究，结合区域地层特征，建立钻井地层对比标志。并结合地震剖面确定不整合界面，以及侵入岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄对地层时代的约束等，开展地层划分对比。
研究结果居延海坳陷钻井揭示了白垩系与石炭系—二叠系2个构造层，各凹陷钻井地层对比标志显著，主要含油层系为下构造层的中—下二叠统及上石炭统—下二叠统干泉组。
结论银额盆地为石炭纪—二叠纪与白垩纪的叠合盆地，石炭系—二叠系油气地质条件有利，应作为油气勘探的方向。
创新点：首次利用不同凹陷钻井地层岩石学及岩性组合特征、古生物特征、结合区域地层特征建立的钻井地层对比标志、地震剖面确定的不整合界面，以及侵入岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄对地层时代的约束等，开展地层划分对比，明确了主要岩石地层单元与油气层的时代和石炭系—二叠系油气地质条件。
Abstract:This paper is the result of oil and gas exploration engineering.
ObjectiveThere is a good prospect of oil and gas exploration of Juyanhai depression of Yingen-Ejin Basin, but there are some controversies on the understanding of the age of the main petrostratigraphic unit and the age of the main oil-bearing reservoir revealed by wells, so it is great significance to the evaluation and study of oil and gas geological conditions, and the exploration and deployment by systematic stratigraphic division and correlation, and define the ages of the main petrostratigraphic units and oil and gas layers for the tectonic and sedimentary evolution of the basin.
MethodsBased on the comprehensive study on the petrology, lithologic association and paleontological characteristics of wells in different sags, , the formation correlation mark established by regional formation characteristics, unconformity interface determined by seismic profile, constraints on stratigraphic age of LAICP-MS zircon U-Pb and so on, the conclusion of stratigraphic division and correlation is formed.
ResultsThere are two structural layers of Cretaceous and Carboniferous and Permian of wells in Juyanhai depression, the correlation marks of strata in each depression are significant, and the main oil-bearing strata are the middle-Lower Permian and Ganquan formation of Upper Carboniferous and Lower Permian.
ConclusionsYingen-Ejin Basin is a superimposed basin of Carboniferous-Permian and Cretaceous, and the geological conditions of Carboniferous and Permian are favorable, so it should be used as the direction of oil and gas exploration.
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致谢: 中国石油吐哈油田勘探开发研究院、中国石化华北油气分公司勘探开发研究院等对项目的研究给予了大力支持，在此一并表示衷心的感谢！
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图 1 研究区位置及钻井分布示意图
a—银额盆地中生代构造单元划分图；b—居延海坳陷钻井分布及沉积地层厚度图（据卢进才等，2020修改）
1—国界；2—井位；3—隆起；4—凹陷；5—凸起Figure 1. Schematic map of the distribution of the wells and the location of study area
a—Division of Mesozoic structural units in Yingen-Ejin Basin; b—Map of the distribution of wells and the thickness of sedimentary strata in Juyanhai depression (modified from Lu Jincai et al., 2020)
1-National boundaries; 2-Well location; 3-Uplift; 4-Depression; 5-Salient![]()
图 2 银额盆地居延海坳陷钻井地层综合柱状图（图 5、图 7岩性符号图例同此图）
1—砂砾层；2—细砾层；3—黏土层；4—泥岩；5—粉砂质泥岩；6—泥质粉砂岩；7—砂质泥岩；8—泥质砂岩；9—粉砂岩；10—细砂岩；11-粗砂岩；12—含砾泥质粗砂岩；13-含砾粉砂岩；14—含砾细砂岩；15—含砾粗砂岩；16-细砾岩；17—中砾岩；18—砂砾岩；19—灰质泥岩；20—白云质泥岩；21—白云质粉细砂岩；22—凝灰质泥岩；23—凝灰岩；24—凝灰质砂砾岩；25—煤层；26—玄武岩；27—安山玄武岩；28—花岗岩；29—辉长岩；30—闪长岩；31—安山岩；32—叶肢介
Figure 2. Comprehensive stratigraphic column of the wells of Juyanhai depression in Yingen-Ejin Basin (The legends of lithology symbols in Fig. 5 and Fig. 7 are the same as Fig. 2)
1-Sandy gravel; 2-Fine gravel; 3-Clay layer; 4-Mudstone; 5-Silty mudstone; 6-Argillaceous siltstone; 7-Sandy mudstone; 8-Shaly sand; 9-Siltstone; 10-Fine sandstone; 11-Gritstone; 12-Gravel-bearing argillaceous gritstone; 13-Gravel-bearing siltstone; 14-Gravel-bearing fine sandstone; 15-Gravel-bearing gritstone; 16-Fine conglomerate; 17-Medium conglomerate; 18-Sandy conglomerate; 19-Lime mudstone; 20-Dolomitic mudstone; 21-Dolomitic siltstone and fine sand; 22-Tuffaceous mudstone; 23-Tuff; 24-Tuffaceous sandy conglomerate; 25-Coal seam; 26-Basalt; 27-Andesite-basalt; 28-Granite; 29-Gabbro; 30-Diorite; 31-Andesite; 32-Conchostracan
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图 3 银额盆地石炭系—二叠系对比标志（居延海坳陷钻井地层）
a—蒙额参1井干泉组碎裂化安山岩岩心照片（井深3220.03~3223.23 m）；b—蒙额参1井干泉组碎裂化安山岩薄片照片（3220.34 m）；c—蒙额地1井上二叠统火山岩（安山岩）与沉火山岩岩心照片（905.66~913.81 m）；d—蒙额地上二叠统火山岩（安山岩）薄片照片（913.8 m）；e—蒙额地1井上二叠统紫红色泥岩岩心照片（井深785.47~792.93 m）；f—蒙额地1井二叠纪叶肢介化石群岩心照片（1033.0 m）
Figure 3. Correlation marker of Carboniferous-Permian in Yingen-Ejin Basin(wells of Juyanhai depression)
a-Core photo of Ganquan Formation cataclastic andesite, Mengecan 1 Well (well depth is 3220.03~3223.23 m); b-Photo of the thin section of the Ganquan Formation cataclastic andesite, Mengecan 1 Well (well depth is 3220.34 m); c-Core photo of the volcanic rock (andesite) and sedimentary volcanic rock of upper Permian, Mengedi 1Well (well depth is 905.66~913.81 m); d-Photo of the thin section of the upper Permian volcanic rocks (andesite), Mengedi 1Well (well depth is 913.8 m); e-Core photo of the Permian conchostracan fossils, Mengedi 1 Well (well depth is 1033.0 m); f-Core photo of the upper Permian aubergine mudstone, Mengedi 1 Well (well depth is 777.74~785.47 m)
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图 4 银额盆地白垩系对比标志
a—蒙额地1井巴音戈壁组暗色泥岩（573.53-581.06 m）；b—蒙额地1井巴音戈壁组早白垩世叶肢介化石（409 m）；c—额探1井苏红图组紫红色泥岩（508.61~519.30 m）；d—蒙额参3井苏红图组杏仁状玄武岩（463.62 m）
Figure 4. The correlation marker of Cretaceous in Yingen-Ejin Basin
a-The dark mudstone of Bayingebi Formation, Mengedi 1 well (well depth is 573.33~581.06 m); b-The Early Cretaceous conchostracan fossils of Bayingebi Fotmation, Mengedi 1 well (well depth is 409 m); c-The aubergine mudstone of Suhongtu Formation, Etan1 well (well depth is 508.61~ 519.30m); d-The amygdaloidal basalt of Suhongtu Formation, Mengecan 3 well (well depth is 463.62 m)
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图 5 天草凹陷典型地震剖面不同构造层反射特征与钻井对比
1—主要标志；2—辅助标志层；3—苏红图组底界面；4—巴音戈壁组底界面；5—上二叠统底界面；6—中下二叠统底界面；7—干泉组中段底界面；8—干泉组上段底界面
Figure 5. Seismic reflection characteristics of different tectonic layers of typical sections and the comparison of wells in Tiancao sag
1-Main marker beds; 2-Assistant marker beds; 3-The bottom interface of Suhongtu Formation; 4-The bottom interface of Bayingebi Formation; 5-The bottom interface of Upper Permian; 6-The bottom interface of Medium-Lower Permian; 7-The bottom interface of Middle of Ganquan Formation; 8-The bottom interface of Upper of Ganquan Formation
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图 6 蒙额地1井侵入岩与围岩接触关系及典型岩石薄片
a—井深1379.33~1386.70 m井段侵入岩与围岩（碎屑岩、火山岩）接触关系；b—侵入岩被围岩混染（1380.17 m）；c—花岗闪长岩薄片照片（1380.63 m）；d—晶屑凝灰岩围岩薄片照片（1382.2 m）
Figure 6. The map of contact relationship between intrusive rocks and surrounding rocks and typical rock, Mengedi 1 well
a-The contact relationship between intrusive rocks and surrounding rocks(clastic rock and volcanic rock) of the well depth from 1379.33 m to 1386.70 m; b-The intrusive rock is mixed with surrounding rocks (well depth is 1380.17 m); c-Photo of the thin section of the granodiorite (well depth is 1380.63 m); d-Photo of the thin section of the the surrounding rock of crystal tuff (well depth is 1382.2 m)
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图 7 银额盆地居延海坳陷钻井地层对比图
1—荧光；2—油迹；3—油层；4—含气层；5—凹陷；6—凸起；7—隆起
Figure 7. Strata comparison diagram of the wells in Juyanhai depression of Yingen-Ejin Basin
1-Fluorescence; 2- Oil trace; 3-Oil reservoir; 4-Gas-bearing stratum; 5-Sag; 6-Bulge; 7-Uplift
表 1 居延海坳陷不同凹陷代表性钻井地层分层数据表
Table 1 Stratigraphic table of the representative wells in different sags of Juyanhai depression
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