Genesis of chlorite in the Huangsha uranium deposit, middle part of Nanling Mountains and its relationship with uranium mineralization
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摘要:
绿泥石化是南岭中段黄沙铀矿区中广泛发育的热液蚀变类型。在岩相学的基础上，通过电子探针分析技术研究了铀矿区内221、223铀矿床绿泥石的矿物共生组合类型与形貌特征，划分了绿泥石的化学类型，提出该矿区绿泥石的4种产出状态，探讨了绿泥石的形成温度和环境，讨论了绿泥石的形成机制及其与铀成矿的关系。研究结果显示该矿区绿泥石：（1）在形貌特征上，矿前期绿泥石主要呈黑云母假象或星点状、团块状产出，成矿期绿泥石主要呈脉状产出；（2）在成因类型上，绿泥石主要有黑云母蚀变型、长石蚀变型、裂隙充填型和与铀矿共生型4种类型；（3）绿泥石的形成温度为200~310℃，其中与铀矿物共生型绿泥石的平均形成温度为215℃，属于中低温热液矿床范围；（4）绿泥石主要形成于还原环境，形成机制主要有溶解-沉淀和溶解-迁移-沉淀两种。
Abstract:Chloritization is a type of hydrothermal alteration widely developed in the Huangsha uranium deposit in the middle part of the Nanling Mountains. Based on petrographic studies, the authors investigated the types and morphological characteristics of chlorite minerals in No. 221 and No. 223 uranium deposits by using electron microprobe analysis, and classified chemical types of chlorite. Four kinds of chlorite production status were recognized, and the temperature and environment of the formation of chlorite as well as the relationship between chlorite formation and uranium mineralization was discussed. The results are as follows:(1) The early chlorite was mainly of biotite pseudomorph or starlike shape characterized by mass output, and the metallogenic chlorite was mainly produced in the vein. (2) There are four types of genesis i.e., chlorite biotite alteration, feldspar alteration, fracture filling type and uranium deposit association. (3) The chlorite-forming temperature was 200-310℃, and the average formation temperature of chlorite coexisting with uranium minerals was 215℃, suggesting a middle-low temperature hydrothermal deposit. (4) Chlorite was mainly formed in a reductive environment, and the formation mechanism was dissolution-precipitation and dissolutionmigration-precipitation.
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图 1 黄沙铀矿区地质简图（底图据杜乐天，1982）
1—第四系；2—细粒二云母花岗岩；3—中细粒二云母花岗岩；4—粗中粒二云母花岗岩；5—中基性岩脉；6—硅化、蚀变构造带；7—碱交代岩；8—矿带及编号；9—地质界线
Figure 1. Geological map of the Huangsha uranium ore district (after Du, 1982)
1-Quaternary; 2-Fine-grained two mica granite; 3-Medium-fine grained two mica granite; 4-Coarse-grained two mica granite; 5-Intermediatebasic dikes; 6-Silcified, tectonic alteration zone; 7-Alkaline metasomatic rock; 8-Ore belt and its serial number; 9-Geological boundary
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图 2 黄沙铀矿区绿泥石镜下特征
a、b—黑云母蚀变型绿泥石，保留黑云母假象；c、d—长石蚀变型绿泥石，呈星点状、蠕虫状分布于长石中；e、f—裂隙充填型绿泥石，充填于长石、石英裂隙中，或叠加于石英脉之上；g、h—与铀矿物密切共生型绿泥石；Chl—绿泥石；Qtz(Q)—石英；Kfs—钾长石；Pit—沥青铀矿
Figure 2. Microscopic features of chlorites in the Huangsha uranium ore district
a, b-Chlorite subjected to biotite alteration; c, d-Chlorite subjected to feldspar alteration showing a star-like, worm-like distribution in feldspar; e, f-Chlorite of fissure fillin type, chlorites filled in feldspar, quartz fissure, or superimposed on the quartz veins; g, h-Chlorite associated closely with uranium minerals; Chl-Chlorite; Qtz(Q) -Quartz; Kfs-K-feldspar; Pit-Pitchblende
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图 3 黄沙铀矿区221、223铀矿床绿泥石分类图解（底图据Deer et al., 1962）
1—黑云母蚀变型绿泥石；2—长石蚀变型绿泥石；3—裂隙充填型绿泥石；4—与铀矿物共生型绿泥石
Figure 3. Classification of chlorites from No.221, No. 223 uranium deposit in the Huangsha uranium ore district (after Deer et al., 1962)
1-Chlorite subjected to biotite alteration; 2-Chlorite subjected to feldspar alteration; 3-Chlorite of fissure filling type; 4-Chlorite associated closely with uranium minerals
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图 4 黄沙铀矿区221、223铀矿床绿泥石原岩判别图解（据Laird, 1998）
Figure 4. Source rock discrimination diagram of chlorite from the No.221, No. 223 uranium deposit in the Huangsha uranium ore district(after Laird, 1998)
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图 5 黄沙铀矿区221、223铀矿床绿泥石中离子的相关性图解
Figure 5. The ion correlation diagram of chlorite from No.221, No. 223 uranium deposit in the Huangsha uranium ore district
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图 6 黄沙铀矿区221、223铀矿床绿泥石主要阳离子与镁的关系图解
Figure 6. The relationship between the major cations and magnesium of chlorite from No.221, No. 223 uranium deposit in the Huangsha uranium ore district
表 1 黄沙铀矿区221、223铀矿床中绿泥石的电子探针化学成分（%）
Table 1 EPMA analyses of chlorite from No. 221, No. 223 uranium deposit in the Huangsha uranium ore district (%)
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 黄沙铀矿区221、223铀矿床绿泥石的电子探针特征值
Table 2 Characteristic values of electron microprobe analysis of chlorite from No. 221, No. 223 uranium deposit in the Huangsha uranium ore district
下载: 导出CSV
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