Broadband magnetotelluric (BMT) detecting blind gold deposits with interface-type: A case of deep prospecting in the Getang area, southwestern Guizhou
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摘要:研究目的
随着黔西南戈塘地区豹子洞等浅表红土型金矿开采资源的逐渐枯竭，寻找深部接替资源的任务已经十分迫切。从区域成矿规律、物化探异常、典型矿床特征等成矿预测要素出发，戈塘地区海马谷控矿断层北西侧下盘深部二叠纪茅口组、龙潭组之间的碳酸盐岩与碎屑岩Si/Ca界面上具有较大地寻找“层控型”金矿床的找矿前景。
研究方法引入了宽频大地电磁法查明了海马谷断裂西南段0~2 km深部的电性结构特征，从电阻率反演断面图中的低阻带异常特征推断海马谷断裂具有多期活动特征，早期（中二叠世前）表现为张性正断层性质，倾向北东；后期（早三叠世后）表现为压性逆断层性质，倾向南东，倾角70°~80°。从电阻率反演断面图中的高低阻等值线梯度带推断茅口组与龙潭组存在古岩溶地貌特征，在深部存在相对“隆起”和“凹陷”变化。
研究结果综合本区典型矿床的成矿模式、找矿标志和区域物化探异常特征，认为处于“空白”状态的海马谷断裂北西盘深部值得部署探索性钻探工程，揭示其深部的资源潜力。
结论浅深结合的勘查技术方法（组合元素化探异常+宽频大地电磁探测技术）能够为靶区优选提供证据支撑，邻近海马谷断裂的P2/P3、Si/Ca界面相对“隆起”位置是开展钻探验证工作的有利位置。
创新点：使用宽频电磁法获取了本区0~2 km深部的岩石地层电性结构特征，解决了制约本区“界面型”金矿深部找矿方向的海马谷深大断层深部产状以及断层北西盘P2/P3不整合沉积地层的埋深问题。
Abstract:This paper is the result of mineral exploration engineering.
ObjectiveAccomplished by the gradual depletion of mineral resources of shallow laterite-type gold deposits, e.g., Baozidong in Getang area, it is essential to detect deep alternative resources. Based on the metallogenic prediction factors such as regional metallogeny, geophysical and geochemical anomalies, and typical deposit characteristics, the Si/Ca interface between carbonatite in Permian Maokou Formation (P2m) and clasolite of Longtan Formation (P3l) at the footwall of the Haimagu ore controlling fault show an ideal prospect for interface-type gold deposits.
MethodsThe broadband magnetotelluric (BMT) method was introduced to imagine the electrical structure of 0-2 km depth in the southwest section of the Haimagu fault. The low resistivity zones revealing by the BMT inversion imply the Haimagu fault with multi-stage activity. In the early stage (before the Middle Permian), Haimagu fault is a tensile normal fault dipping to the northeast, and is a compressive reverse fault in the late stage (after the Early Triassic), dipping to the southeast with angel of 70°-80°. According to the gradient zone of high and low resistivity zone, it is inferred that the interface between Maokou Formation and Longtan Formation features paleo-karst landform with relative uplift and depression in the deep.
ResultsAs for the metallogenic model, e.g., prospecting criteria and regional geophysical and geochemical anomalies of the typical deposits in this area, it is considered that the northwest of Haimagu fault with little exploration is worth drilling the deep resource potential.
ConclusionsThe combination technology of shallow and deep exploration (element geochemical anomaly and broadband magnetotelluric detection technology) can optimize to determine target areas. The relative uplifts of P2/P3 and Si/Ca interface adjacent to the Haimagu fault are favorable for drilling verification.
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致谢: 感谢中国地质调查局成都地质调查中心王桥对本文英文摘要的润色提升建议。对感谢贵州省地质矿产勘查开发局117地质大队向通、熊伟等同仁为本文的研究思路提供了宝贵建议和启发。感谢本文三位审稿专家和期刊编辑对文章的修改提出了诸多宝贵的意见，在此一并表示真诚谢意！
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图 1 戈塘地区建造构造及金矿点分布特征
1—第四系；2—上三叠统把南组；3—上三叠统赖石科组；4—上三叠统竹杆坡—瓦窑组；5—中三叠统杨柳井组；6—中三叠统关岭组；7—中三叠统花溪组；8—下三叠统永宁镇组；9—下三叠统安顺组；10—下三叠统飞仙关组；11—下三叠统夜郎组；12—上二叠统龙潭组；13—中—上二叠系统峨眉山玄武岩；14—中二叠统茅口组；15—不整合接触；16—假整合接触；17—相变线；18—正断层；19—逆断层；20—平移断层；21—背斜轴线；22—向斜轴线；23—岩层产状；24—金矿床点
Figure 1. Structures and distribution characteristics of gold deposits in Getang area
1-Quaternary; 2-Banan Formation of Upper Triassic; 3-Laishike Formation of Upper Triassic; 4-Zhuganpo-Wayao Formation of Upper Triassic; 5-Yangliujing Formation of Middle Triassic; 6-Guanling Formation of Middle Triassic; 7-Huaxi Formation of Middle Triassic; 8-Yongningzhen Formation of Lower Triassic; 9- Anshun Formation of Lower Triassic; 10- Feixianguan Formation of Lower Triassic; 11- Yelang Formation of Lower Triassic; 12- Longtan Formation of Upper Permian; 13- Emeishan basalt of Middle to Upper Permian; 14- Maokou Formation of Middle Permian; 15-Unconformity contact; 16-Pseudo conformity contact; 17-Sedimentary phase change line; 18-Normal fault; 19-Reverse fault; 20-Translation fault; 21-Anticline axis; 22-Syncline axis; 23-Rock occurrence; 24-Gold deposit point
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图 2 研究区前人地震勘探成果（据胡煜昭等，2011修改）
Figure 2. Previous seismic exploration results in the study area (modified from Hu Yuzhao et al., 2011)
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图 3 戈塘金矿区丫头寨—下兔浪地质剖面图（据毛彬吉等，2017修改）
1—第四系；2—上二叠统龙潭组四段；3—上二叠统龙潭组二、三段；4—上二叠统龙潭组一段；5—中二叠统茅口组三段；6—中二叠统茅口组二段；7—红土型金矿体；8—硅化灰岩；9—煤系地层，底层为炭质黏土岩；10—角砾岩层，底部为高岭石；11—厚层块状生物屑灰岩；12—厚层块状斑豹状白云质灰岩
Figure 3. Yatouzhai-Xiatulang geological section of in Getang gold deposit (modified from Mao Binji et al., 2017)
1-Quaternary; 2-The 4th member of Longtan Formation of Upper Permian; 3-The 2nd and 3rd member of Longtan Formation of Upper Permian; 4-The 1st member of Longtan Formation of Upper Permian; 5-The 3rd member of Maokou Formation of Middle Permian; 6-The 2nd member of Maokou Formation of Middle Permian; 7-Lateritic gold ore body; 8-Silicified limestone; 9-Coal measure stratum, with carbonaceous clay rock as bottom layer; 10-Breccia layer with kaolinite at the bottom; 11-Thick layer massive bioclastic limestone; 12-Thick layer massive leopard dolomitic limestone
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图 4 戈塘地区成矿模式图（据贵州省地质矿产勘查开发局117地质大队，2018❶）
Figure 4. Metallogenic model map of Getang area (after No.117 Geological Team, Guizhou Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development, 2018❶)
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图 5 戈塘地区1∶5万土壤地球化学异常特征图（据贵州省地质矿产勘查开发局117地质大队，2018❶）
1—中三叠统杨柳井组；2—中三叠统关岭组；3—下三叠统永宁镇组；4—下三叠统飞仙关组；5—下三叠统夜郎组；6—上二叠统龙潭组；7—中二叠统茅口组；8—实、推测正断层；9—实、推测逆断层；10—实、推测平移断层；11—背斜轴线；12—向斜轴线；13—倾斜岩层产状；14—金矿床点；15—As元素异常(下限: 120×10-6)；16—Sb元素异常(下限: 21×10-6)；17—Hg元素异常(下限: 0.5×10-6)；18—W元素异常(下限: 5.0×10-6)
Figure 5. 1∶50000 scale soil geochemical anomalies in Getang area (after No.117 Geological Team, Guizhou Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development, 2018❶)
1-Yangliujing Formation of Middle Triassic; 2- Guanling Formation of Middle Triassic; 3- Yongningzhen Formation of Lower Triassic; 4-Feixianguan Formation of Lower Triassic; 5-Yelang Formation of Lower Triassic; 6-Longtan Formation of Upper Permian; 7-Maokou Formation of Middle Permian; 8-Normal fault; 9-Reverse fault; 10-Translational fault; 11-Anticline axis; 12-Syncline axis; 13-Attitude of inclined strata; 14-Gold deposit; 15-As element anomaly (lower limit: 120×10-6); 16-Sb element anomaly (lower limit: 21×10-6); 17-Hg element anomaly (lower limit: 0.5×10-6); 18-W element anomaly (lower limit: 5.0×10-6)
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图 6 戈塘地区主要沉积地层电阻率物性柱状图
Figure 6. Resistivity physical properties of main sedimentary strata in Getang area
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图 7 AMT与BMT法的野外数据观测对比试验结果
a—音频大地电磁(AMT)的实测数据；b—宽频大地电磁(BMT)的实测数据
Figure 7. Comparison test results between AMT and BMT
a-Measured data of Audio frequency Magnetotelluric(AMT); b-Measured data of Broadband Magnetotelluric(BMT)
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图 8 工作区地质背景与电法勘探线剖面位置图
Figure 8. Geological background of working area and location map of BMT prospecting profile
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图 9 宽频大地电磁电阻率二维反演联合剖面与整体电性结构特征图
Figure 9. Joint profile and overall electrical structure characteristics of BMT resistivity 2D inversion results
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图 10 02线勘探线剖面电阻率反演断面及其地质推断解释图
Figure 10. Line 02 line resistivity inversion section and its geological interpretation map
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图 11 深部P2/P3不整合界面空间起伏特征综合推断图
a—P2古喀斯特地貌隆起枢纽平面展布图；b—①线枢纽剖面的纵向切片图
Figure 11. Comprehensive inference diagram of spatial fluctuation characteristics of deep P2/P3 unconformity interface
a-P2 layout map of uplift hub of paleo-karst landform; b-Longitudinal slice of line No.① uplift profile
表 1 物性标本电性参数测定结果统计表
Table 1 Statistical table of electrical parameters of physical samples
下载: 导出CSV
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