S, Pb isotopic composition of the Dongtangzi Pb-Zn deposit in the Fengtai ore concentration area of Shaanxi Province for tracing sources of ore-forming materials
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摘要:
东塘子铅锌矿床是秦岭成矿带中典型的铅锌矿床之一，前人对东塘子铅锌矿床成矿作用研究较多，但受限于测试手段及认识的局限性，多年来对其物质来源的认识仍未统一。本文在充分研究东塘子铅锌矿床地质特征的基础上，开展了相关样品的S、Pb同位素分析，分析对象包括了不同类型的铅锌矿石，讨论了该铅锌矿床的成矿物质来源、区内岩浆岩与铅锌成矿的关系等。研究表明：东塘子铅锌矿床矿石硫化物δ34S值变化范围为1.8‰~12.5‰，平均7.50‰，计算获得成矿流体中总硫δ34S∑S为7.7‰，显示海水硫酸盐（蒸发膏岩）与岩浆硫的混合来源特征。矿石铅同位素组成稳定，铅源主要来自富U-Th-Pb的上地壳与深部，可能与深部岩浆活动有关。研究结果表明，东塘子铅锌矿床的成矿过程与南秦岭印支期大规模多阶段构造-岩浆-流体活动密切相关，为下一阶段区内找矿工作提供了新的思路。
Abstract:The Dongtangzi Pb-Zn deposit is one of the typical Pb-Zn deposits in the Qinling metallogenic belt. Its mineralization has been studied by many researchers, but the study has been limited by the testing methods and the level of understanding. Its material source is still a problem of much controversy. Based on the study of the geological characteristics of the Dongtangzi Pb-Zn deposit, the authors carried out S and Pb isotope analysis of related samples. The analysis included different types of lead-zinc ore. The source of ore-forming materials of the lead-zinc deposit and the relationship between magmatic rocks and Pb-Zn mineralization in the study area were discussed. The results show that the δ34S value of ore sulfides varies from 1.8‰ to 12.5 ‰ with an average of 7.50 ‰, whereas the δ34S∑S value in the ore-forming fluid is 7.7 ‰, which shows the characteristics of mixed sources of sulfate in sea water (evaporation paste rock) and magmatic sulfur. The Pb isotope composition of ores is stable in this deposit, which indicates that Pb sources were mainly derived from the upper crust with rich U-Th-Pb elements and deep surroundings, which might have been related to deep magmatic activity. The results show that the metallogenic process of the Dongtangzi Pb-Zn deposit was closely related to the large-scale multi-stage tectonic-magmatic-fluid activity in the Indosinian period, and this understanding provides a new idea for prospecting in the next stage.
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致谢：本文野外工作得到了宝鸡西北有色七一七总队有限公司地勘分院陆林军、王雷、李伟、代金龙、刘涛、李降印、马双宝、王欣等同志的热心帮助, 成文过程中与成都理工大学地球科学学院倪志耀教授进行了有益探讨, 审稿老师提出了有建设性的修改意见和建议。在此对以上同事、老师表示特别的感谢!
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图 1 凤太矿集区西部矿产地质简图
1—第四系；2—东河群；3—下三叠统；4—石炭系；5—九里坪组；6—星红铺组；7—古道岭组；8—断裂及编号；9—角度不整合；10—二长花岗岩；11—花岗闪长岩；12—花岗斑岩脉；13—闪长玢岩脉；14—煌斑岩脉；15—钠长角砾岩16—铅锌矿床；17—金矿床；18—研究区
Figure 1. Geological and ore deposit map of western Fengxian-Taibai ore concentration area
1-Quaternary; 2-Donghe Group; 3-Lower Triassic; 4-Carboniferous; 5-Jiuliping Formation; 6-Xinghongpu Formation; 7-Gudaoling Formation; 8-Fracture and its serial number; 9-Angular unconformity; 10-Adamellite; 11-Granodiorite; 12-Grantitic porphyry vein; 13-Diorite porphyry; 14-Lamprophyre; 15-Sodium-breccia; 16-Pb-Zn deposit; 17-Gold deposit; 18-Research area
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图 2 东塘子铅锌矿床地质简图（a）与联合剖面图（b）
1—星红铺组第二岩性段；2—星红铺组第一岩性段第二层；3—上泥盆统星红铺组第一岩性段第一层；4—古道岭组；5—断层及编号；6—闪长玢岩脉；7—花岗斑岩；8—地层产状；9—铅锌矿体及编号；10—勘探线
Figure 2. Simplified geological map of the Dongtangzi Pb-Zn deposit (a) and combined profiles (b)
1- Second lithologic section, Xinghongpu Formation; 2- The second layer of the first lithologic section, Xinghongpu Formation; 3-The first layer of the first lithologic section, Xinghongpu Formation; 4-Gudaoling Formation; 5-Fracture and its serial number; 6-Diorite porphyry; 7-Granite porphyry; 8-Attitude; 9-Pb-Zn orebody and its serial number; 10- Exploration line
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图 3 东塘子铅锌矿床矿石及矿相显微照片
a—方铅矿、黄铁矿；b—闪锌矿；c—方铅矿、闪锌矿，铅锌粒度较粗；d—产出于热液脉中的闪锌矿细脉；e—黄铁矿被方铅矿交代形成的骸晶结构；f—闪锌矿中蠕虫状黄铜矿；Ga—方铅矿；Py—黄铁矿；Sp—闪锌矿；Cp—黄铜矿
Figure 3. Microphotograph of ore and ore phase of the Dongtangzi Pb-Zn deposit
a-Detritus-like galena and pyrite; b-Dense massive sphalerite ore; c-Detritus-like galena and sphalerite, with coarser grain sizes of lead and zinc; d-Sphalerite in hydrothermal veins; e-Pyrite replaced by galena, which produced skelecton crystal texture; f-Vermicular chalcopyrite in sphalerite; Ga-Galena; Py-Pyrite; Sp-Sphalerite; Cp-Chalcopyrite
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图 4 东塘子铅锌矿床矿石硫同位素组成频率直方图(a)与总硫同位素组成（b）
Figure 4. Frequency histogram of δ34S for ore sulfides (a) and total sulfur isotope composition (b) in the Dongtangzi Pb−Zn deposit
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图 5 不同来源S同位素特征图
Figure 5. Characteristic chart of S isotope compositions from different sources
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图 6 东塘子铅锌矿床矿石铅同位素模式图(底图据Doe and Zartman, 1979)
A—地幔；B—造山带；C—上地壳；D—下地壳
Figure 6. Pb isotopic composition model of the Dongtangzi Pb-Zn deposit (after Doe and Zartman, 1979)
A-Mantle; B-Orogenic belt; C-Upper crust; D-Lower crust
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图 7 东塘子铅锌矿床矿石铅△β-△γ成因判别图解（据朱炳泉等，1998）
1—地幔源铅；2—上地壳铅；3—上地壳与地幔混合的俯冲带铅（3a—岩浆作用，3b—沉积作用）；4—化学沉积型铅；5—海底热水作用铅；6—中深变质作用铅；7—深变质下地壳铅；8—造山带铅；9—古老页岩上地壳铅；10—退变质铅
Figure 7. △β-△γ genetic discriminate diagram of galena from the Dongtangzi Pb-Zn deposit (after Zhu Bingquan et a1., 1998)
1- Lead sourced from mantle; 2- Lead sourced from upper crust; 3- Subducting lead sourced from upper crust and mantle (3amagrnatism; 3b- sedimentation); 4- Lead of chemical deposition; 5-Lead of submarine hot-water; 6-Mesometamorphism; 7-Lead of kata- metamorphism; 8- Lead of orogenic belt; 9- Lead of upper crust in ancient shale; 10-Lead of retrograde metamorphism
表 3 东塘子铅锌矿床与洞中拉、栖霞山铅锌矿床特征对比
Table 3 The comparison between Dongtangzi, Dongzhongla and Xixiashan deposits
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