Zircon U-Pb age and geological background of rhyolite from Baiyingaolao Formation in Wunuer area, Great Xing'an Range
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摘要:研究目的
大兴安岭分布着中国东北最大的中生代火山岩带，白音高老组是该中生代火山岩重要组成部分，白音高老组的年代学及地球化学特征可为大兴安岭地区构造演化提供基础地质资料。
研究方法本文对大兴安岭乌奴尔地区白音高老组流纹岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年和岩石地球化学测试。
研究结果流纹岩锆石U-Pb年龄为（127.6±1.2）Ma，属早白垩世。岩石地球化学数据显示，岩体属高硅高钾弱过铝质钙碱性系列。岩石整体富集大离子亲石元素K、Rb、Ba，亏损大离子亲石元素Sr和高场强元素Nb、P、Ti，LREE相对富集，HREE相对亏损，具有中等的富Eu异常（δEu=0.49~0.87）。
结论综合区域地质特征及本次研究认为，大兴安岭乌奴尔地区白音高老组流纹岩的形成构造背景可能与古太平洋板块向欧亚大陆之下俯冲作用有关。
创新点: 大兴安岭乌奴尔地区白音高老组流纹岩的形成构造背景可能与古太平洋板块向欧亚大陆之下俯冲作用有关。
Abstract:This paper is the result of geological survey engineering.
ObjectiveThe Baiyingaolao Formation is an important part of the Mesozoic volcanic rocks in Great Xing'an Range, Northeastern China, and the geochronology and geochemistry characteristics of the Baiyingaolao Formation can provide basic geological data for the tectonic evolution of Great Xing'an Range.
MethodsIn this paper, LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb age and geochemistry of the rhyolites in Baiyingaolao Formation from Wunuer area in Great Xing'an Range have been carried out.
ResultsThe testing results indicate that the LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb crystallization age is (127.6 ±1.2Ma) Ma, which belongs to Early Cretaceous. The rhyolites belong to high-SiO2, high-K peraluminous, calcalkaline series. The rhyolites are enriched in Rb, Ba, K, depleted in Sr and Nb, P, Ti, and LREE is enriched and HREE is relatively depleted, with moderate Eu-rich anomaly (δEu=0.49~0.87).
ConclusionsCombined with regional geological characteristics, the tectonic setting of rhyolites in Baiyingaolao Formation from Wunuer area in Great Xing'an Range may be related to the subduction of Pacific plate.
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1. 研究目的（Objective）
湘中坳陷作为南方复杂构造区页岩气勘探的热点地区之一，也是中国油气勘探久攻未克的地区。前期在湘中地区北部的涟源凹陷泥盆系和石炭系获得了页岩气突破和发现，证实了湘中地区上古生界页岩气资源丰富。但对湘中地区南部的邵阳凹陷调查程度较为薄弱，针对邵阳凹陷二叠系仅开展了少量基础地质调查工作，页岩气资源潜力评价方面的工作尤为欠缺。本次研究依托邵阳湘邵地1井（XSD1井）钻探工程建立了邵阳凹陷二叠系地层层序序列，揭示了主要含气页岩层系的分布特征，获取了含气性评价参数，对湘中地区二叠系页岩气勘探开发和重新评价湘中坳陷页岩气资源潜力具有重要的现实意义。
2. 研究方法（Methods）
中国地质调查局武汉地质调查中心在收集分析区域地质相关资料的基础上，结合邵阳凹陷短陂桥向斜的煤田浅钻、非震物探等资料开展页岩气地质综合评价，采用页岩埋深500~4500 m，页岩有机碳含量≥1.0%，页岩厚度≥15 m，页岩有机质热演化程度1.0%~3.5%的评价参数在短陂桥向斜区优选页岩气远景区，论证部署了1口小口径页岩气地质调查井—XSD1井，湖南煤田地质勘查有限公司组织实施钻探（图 1a）。该井采样全井段取心钻井工艺，测井选取PSJ-2数字测井系统，录井采用SK-2000G气测录井，钻获二叠系大隆组156.05 m（暗色硅质页岩、钙质泥岩94.48 m），龙潭组349.95 m（暗色泥岩216.93 m，粉砂质泥岩36.9 m），对这两套层系共采集暗色泥岩样品33件，进行解析气含量测定分析，落实了含气性评价参数。
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图 1 湘邵地1井构造位置图（a）、主要含气层段岩性和含气性参数柱状图（b）、以及富集模式图（c）Figure 1. Structural location of Xiangshaodi 1 well (a), lithology and gas-bearing parameters of main gas bearing zones (b), and enrichment mode (c)3. 结果（Results）
本次样品分析工作由武汉地质调查中心古生物与生命-环境协同演化重点实验室完成，采用YSQ-IIIA岩石解析气测定仪（燃烧法）对含气段岩心共计33件样品进行分析。该井钻获二叠系大隆组厚度156.05 m，为一套硅质岩、硅质页岩、炭质钙质泥岩地层。其中在井深842~930.2 m硅质页岩、钙质泥岩段，气测全烃值从1.06%上升至16.54%，甲烷值从1.01%上升至14.04%，13件大隆组硅质页岩现场解析总含气量为1.29~9.97 m3/t，平均4.85 m3/t。实现了湘中坳陷二叠系页岩气新发现，有效拓展了华南地区大隆组勘探范围。
钻获龙潭组厚度349.95 m，上段为一套细砂岩、粉砂岩夹泥岩潮坪相沉积地层，下段为一套炭质泥岩、粉砂质泥岩夹薄层细砂岩泻湖相沉积地层。在井深1013.4~1048 m泥岩与粉砂岩互层段气测全烃值最高可达19.87%，甲烷值最高为16.94%，7件泥岩与粉砂岩样品现场解析总含气量0.57~3.42 m3/t，平均1.78 m3/t；井深1088.10~1199.75 m泥岩夹泥质粉砂岩含气层111.6 m，气测全烃值最高可达28.2%，甲烷值最高为23.6%，13件泥岩、粉砂质泥岩样品现场解析总含气量0.90~4.55 m3/t，平均2.01 m3/t（图 1b），首次查明了湘中坳陷二叠系龙潭组非常规油气分布特点。
通过区域地质背景分析，并结合煤田区域地质资料，本研究认为滑脱断裂（F9）上下盘具有不同的页岩气聚集条件。滑脱断裂之上由一系列的同向逆断层形成的逆冲推覆体，地层变形强烈，且裂缝发育，导致页岩气保存条件变差。滑脱断裂下盘是页岩气主要富集区，地层平缓，不发育次级通天断裂，与下盘地层形成反向遮挡，易形成封闭，保存条件良好（图 1c）。
4. 结论（Conclusions）
（1）二叠系大隆组岩性以硅质岩、硅质页岩为主，夹少量灰岩。主要含气段存在于上段硅质页岩段，厚88.2 m，含气量平均为4.85 m3/t，含气性优越，资源潜力大。
（2）二叠系龙潭组上段以致密砂岩气为主，含气量平均为1.78 m3/t；下段以页岩气为主，泥岩厚达177.47 m，含气量平均为2.01 m3/t，具有泥岩厚度大，含气性好等特征。
（3）保存条件是页岩气富集关键，构造改造弱的封闭演化环境有利于页岩气保存，研究区滑脱断裂下盘是页岩气主要富集区，易形成封闭，保存条件良好。
（4）湘邵地1井在二叠系大隆组和龙潭组获得良好的页岩气显示，证实了湘中地区二叠系具有良好的页岩气资源潜力，对湘中地区页岩气资源潜力评价具有重要意义。
5. 基金项目（Fund support）
本文为中国地质调查局项目“中扬子地区油气页岩气调查评价”（DD20221659）资助的成果。
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图 1 研究区地质简图及采样位置图
Figure 1. Simplified geological map of research area and sampling position
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图 2 流纹岩野外特征（a）和显微镜下流纹构造（b）
Figure 2. Field characteristics (a) and microscopical rhythm structure (b) of the rhyolites
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图 3 白音高老组流纹岩地球化学判别图
a—TAS分类图；b—Nb/Y-SiO2分类图；c—A/CNK-A/NK判别图；d—SiO2-K2O图解
Figure 3. Geochemical discrimination diagrams for rhyolites in Baiyingaolao Formation
a-TAS diagram; b-Nb/Y-SiO2 diagram; c-A/CNK-A/NK diagram; d-SiO2-K2O diag
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图 4 原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图（a）和球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式图（b）（据Sun and McDonough, 1989）
Figure 4. The primitive mantle-normalized trace elements patterns (a) and the chondrite-normalized REE patterns (b) (normalization values after Sun and McDonough, 1989)
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图 5 白音高老组流纹岩（U-Pb20171008）锆石CL照片
Figure 5. Zircon CL images of rhyolites in Baiyingaolao Formation
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图 6 白音高老组流纹岩（U-Pb20171008）锆石年龄谐和图（a）与锆石加权平均年龄图（b）
Figure 6. Zircon U-Pb concordia plot (a) and the weighted average age (b) of rhyolites in Baiyingaolao Formation
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图 7 白音高老组流纹岩logτ-logδ图解（a，据Rittmann, 1973）与Rb-(Y+Nb)图解（b，据Pearce et al., 1984）
A区—非造山带地区火山岩；B区—造山带地区火山岩；C区—A区、B区派生的碱性、富碱岩；J—日本火山岩；syn-COLG—同碰撞花岗岩；WPG—板内花岗岩；VAG—火山弧花岗岩；ORG—洋脊花岗岩
Figure 7. (logτ-logδ) diagram (a, after Rittmann, 1973) and Rb-(Y+Nb) diagram (b, after Pearce et al., 1984) for rhyolites in Baiyingaolao Formation
A-Anorogenic volcanic; B-Orogenic volcanic; C-Alkaline and alkali-rich rocks derived from A and B; J-Japanese volcanic; syn-COLG-Syn-collision granite; VAG-Volcanic arc granite; WPG-Within-plate granite; ORG-Oceanic ridge granite
表 1 白音高老组流纹岩主量元素（%）分析结果
Table 1 The result of major elements (%) for rhyolites in Baiyingaolao Formation
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 白音高老组流纹岩微量元素（10-6）分析结果
Table 2 The result of trace elements (10-6) for rhyolites in Baiyingaolao Formation
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 白音高老组流纹岩样品（U-Pb20171008）锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb分析结果
Table 3 Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb date of rhyolites in Baiyingaolao Formation
下载: 导出CSV
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