Metallogenic geological characteristics and titanium resources potential in China
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摘要:
钛金属因其性能特殊和用途广泛而被称之为“第三金属”。中国钛矿资源丰富，占世界总资源储量的24.46%，但多为含钛量偏低的原生矿，高品位优质钛矿的需求只能通过进口来满足，导致中国钛的对外依存度偏高，为此，需要进一步总结规律，分析潜力，为今后地质找矿工作提供借鉴。本文根据中国钛矿的成矿特征，将钛矿划分为岩浆型、变质型、风化型和（第四纪）沉积型4种类型。其中，岩浆型矿床主要为岩浆分异作用形成的钛铁矿-磁铁矿（钛磁铁矿），分布较广，主要集中于攀西地区近SN向基性—超基性岩带和华北地台北缘近EW向基性-超基性岩带；变质型矿床与区域变质作用关系密切，较为重要的是榴辉岩（榴闪岩）型金红石矿床，主要受控于高压/超高压变质带；风化型矿床受控于富Ti原岩和高温多雨的气候环境，多产于湿热的云南和广西；滨海沉积型矿床则沿海分布，主要分布在海南岛的东岸。本次钛矿资源潜力评价工作在全面总结全国钛矿成矿规律的基础上，圈定111个3级预测区并估算资源潜力，包括A类预测区22个，B类预测区27个，C类预测区62个；笔者最后优选了12个预测区并进行了详细评价，建议做为今后钛矿的找矿部署优先考虑的重点远景区。
Abstract:Titanium is known as "the third metal" for its special characteristics and wide range of uses. China is rich in titanium resources, which account for 24.46% of the world's total reserves. As most of China's titanium resources are low-grade primary ores, China has to import high-grade and high-quality ores to meet its demand. Hence, further geological metallogenic studies of titanium resource potential are urgently needed so as to provide a reference for future geological prospecting work. In this paper, Ti deposits are classified into 4 types, i.e., magmatic type, metamorphic type, weathering type and (Quaternary) sedimentary type. The magmatic type Ti deposits were formed by magmatic differentiation and are widely distributed. The most important ore deposits are mainly concentrated in Panxi ultrabasic rock belt and northern margin of the North China platform basic-ultrabasic rock belt. Metamorphic type Ti deposits are closely related to regional metamorphism. The important ore deposits are eclogite type (garnet-amphibolite type) rutile deposits, which are controlled by HP/UHP metamorphic zones. Weathering Ti deposits are controlled by Ti-rich original rock and hot rainy weather and are mostly distributed in Yunnan and Guangxi. Littoral sedimentary placer deposits are distributed along the east coast, especially in the east coast of Hainan Island. During the prediction of this type of Ti resources, the authors delineated 111 prospective areas and predicted the resource potential according to comprehensive summary of titanium resource ore-forming regularities, These prospective areas include 22 class A ones, 27 class B ones and 62 class C ones. Finally, the authors sorted out 12 prospecting areas with better metallogenic geological conditions for the future prospecting work.
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Keywords:
- titanium /
- metallogenic regularity /
- mineral resource potential prognosis /
- China
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1. 研究目的（Objective）
研究区地处鄂尔多斯盆地北部伊盟隆起中部的塔然高勒地区，其东侧紧邻纳岭沟铀矿，西侧为大营铀矿，区内地层整体为一向西南缓倾的单斜构造，含铀目的层为中侏罗统直罗组下段。塔然高勒铀矿的发现有望使大营和纳岭沟相连，成为世界级的铀矿田。
2. 研究方法（Methods）
依靠煤田和石油勘查钻孔资料“二次”开发的创新性思路，中国地质调查局天津地质调查中心在鄂尔多斯盆地东北缘塔然高勒地区通过收集分析研究区煤田勘查、开发钻孔资料以及区域地质、矿产、物探、化探、遥感及水文地质等资料，开展铀矿战略选区；编制研究区目的层系列图件，分析铀矿成矿地质条件，圈定找矿靶区；优选放射性异常钻孔和成矿有利地段进行钻探施工，分析放射性异常和含矿目的层的空间位置以及矿体分布、矿石质量等特征，初步评价铀资源潜力。
3. 研究结果（Results）
排查研究区煤田测井资料，发现潜在铀矿孔164个，潜在铀矿化孔65个。自然伽玛强度值较高，放射性异常钻孔形态连片、成带特征明显，规模较大。通过对优选的放射性异常钻孔和成矿有利地段进行钻探施工，共发现铀矿工业孔14个，铀矿化孔26个，矿区达到大型铀矿产地规模；铀矿体平面上总体呈北东—南西向展布，矿体平均埋深526 m，由北东向南西方向埋深逐渐增大。垂向上，铀矿体主要赋存于中侏罗统直罗组下段下亚段的灰色砂体中，矿体形态为板状。矿石岩性为中粗粒砂岩，碎屑物胶结类型以接触式、孔隙式胶结为主，铀的存在形式以吸附态为主，含铀矿物主要为铀石。
研究区目前共圈定6个工业矿体，矿体厚度变化范围为1.30~7.50 m，平均值为4.33 m；矿体平均品位为0.0342%，矿体平米铀量变化范围为1.76~ 11.20 kg/m2，平均值为3.49 kg/ m2。
目前主要对研究区东部矿体进行钻探工程控制，而矿体向西南方向深部的延伸情况及其西部矿体的分布情况均未进行有效控制，矿区仍具有较大的铀矿找矿潜力。
4. 结论（Conclusions）
（1）鄂尔多斯盆地东北缘塔然高勒铀矿的发现拓展了该地区的铀矿找矿空间，扩大了鄂尔多斯盆地东北部铀资源基地规模。
（2）研究区与周边的大营、纳岭沟铀矿具有相似的优越铀矿成矿地质条件，铀源丰富、泥砂泥结构完整、辨状河道砂体发育，炭屑、有机质等找矿标志明显。通过加大该地区的铀矿调查力度，有望使该地区成为世界级铀矿田。
（3）该地区铀矿的发现是利用煤田资料“二次开发”技术思路快速寻找砂岩型铀矿的成功范例之一，该技术方法极大减少了铀矿调查周期，节省了大量勘查成本。
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图 1 塔然高勒研究区钻孔剖面图(a—南北向; b—东西向）Figure 1. Drilling profile of the Tarangaole area (a-in north-south direction; b- in east-west direction)5. 致谢（Acknowledgements）
感谢李建国、李效广及项目组成员的支持。
致谢: 文章完成过程中得到了陈郑辉、娄德波、叶会寿、刘建楠、王岩、姚佛军等同事的帮助, 王保良研究员、王登红研究员、杨岳清研究员以及本文的审稿人等, 均对文章提出了宝贵的修改意见, 笔者在此表示衷心的感谢。同时还要感谢本文的编辑王学明老师的辛勤工作。 -
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图 1 中国钛矿床分布图
1—成矿域界线；2—成矿省界线；3—Ⅲ级成矿区(带)界线
Figure 1. Distribution of Ti deposits in China
1-Metallogenic domain; 2-Metallogenic province; 3-Metallogenic belt
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图 4 中国主要造山带高压/超高压变质带及金红石矿床（据杨经绥等，2009修改）
1—克拉通；2—早古生代造山带；3—古特提斯造山带；4—新特提斯造山带；5—中亚造山带；6—俯冲/折返杂岩带；7—逆冲断裂；8—走滑断裂；9—缝合带或断裂；10—变质型（榴辉岩或榴闪岩）金红石矿床；❶—新疆西南天山超高压变质带；❷—甘肃北山高压变质带；❸—北祁连—北阿尔金高压变质带；❹—柴北缘—南阿尔金超高压变质带；❺—冀北高压变质带；❻—北秦岭超高压变质带；❼—苏鲁高压/超高压变质带；❽—大别高压/超高压变质带；❾—西藏羌塘高压变质带；❿—西藏松多(超)高压变质带；⓫—雅鲁藏布江东构造结南迎巴瓦(超)高压变质带
Figure 4. Distribution of HP-UHP metamorphic belts and rutile deposits (after Yang Jingsui et al., 2009)
1- Craton; 2- Early Paleozoic orogenic belt; 3- Paleo- Tethys orogenic belt; 4- Neo- Tethys orogenic belt; 5- Central Asian orogenic belt; 6- Subduction / exhumation complex zone; 7- Thrust fault; 8- Strike- slip fault; 9- Structure belt or fault; 10- Metamorphic rutile deposit; ❶-Southwest Tianshan UHPM belt in Xinjiang; ❷-Beishan HPM belt in Gansu; ❸-North Qilian-North Altun HPM belt; ❹-North QaidamSouth Altun UHPM belt; ❺ - Jibei HPM belt in Hebei; ❻ - North Qinling UHPM belt; ❼ - Sulu HP- UHP belt; ❽ - Dabie HP- UHPM belt; ❾-Tibet Qiangtang HPM belt; ❿-Tibet Sumdo (U)HPM belt; ⓫-Namche Barwa (U)HP belt, East Himalayan syntaxis
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图 6 不同类型矿床预测资源量分布图
Figure 6. Statistical distribution of potential resources of different Ti deposit types
表 2 中国钛矿主要成矿区带及其代表性矿床
Table 2 Main Ti metallogenic belts and representative deposits in China
下载: 导出CSV
表 6 沉积型钛矿床（砂矿）预测要素
Table 6 Prognostic model of Quaternary sedimentary Ti deposits (placers)
下载: 导出CSV
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