U-Pb chronology, geochemical characteristics and petrogenesis of the Chelugou pluton in the western part of North Qilian orogenic belt
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摘要:
车路沟岩体位于北祁连造山带最西端，岩石类型以英云闪长玢岩和闪长玢岩为主。本次对英云闪长玢岩进行U-Pb年代学研究，获得加权平均年龄为（462.1±3.8）Ma，表明岩体形成于中奥陶世。岩石地球化学分析结果显示，英云闪长玢岩中SiO2含量60.37%~66.73%，Al2O3含量15.65%~16.45%，Na2O/K2O值7.47~9.96，A/CNK为0.90~1.00，属中酸性岩系列，显示相对富钠、低钾的特征，A/CNK=0.90~1.00，属于准铝质低钾钙碱性系列；稀土总量较低（33.40×10-6~39.27×10-6），LREE/HREE值为3.95~6.51，在稀土元素配分图解上呈现出右倾特征；δEu值1.23~1.49之间，呈现Eu呈正异常特征；在微量元素原始地幔标准化图解上，显示富集Ba、Sr，亏损Nb、Ti、Yb高场强元素的特征。对车路沟岩体地质、地球化学特征与产出背景的全面分析，认为其为奥陶纪祁连洋持续向华北板块俯冲，诱使俯冲洋壳部分熔融形成的埃达克岩。
Abstract:Located at the westernmost end of the North Qilian orogenic belt, the Chelugou pluton consists predominantly of quartz diorite porphyry and diorite porphyry. Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of the Chelugou quartz diorite porphyry yielded an age of (462.1±3.8) Ma. Rocks from the Chelugou pluton show intermediate-felsic, metaluminous and low calc-alkaline features, with relatively low SiO2 (61.44%-67.63%), Al2O3 (15.09%-16.7%) and A/CNK values (0.90-1.00), and high Na2O/K2O ratios (7.47-9.96). They have relatively low rare earth element content (33.40×10-6-39.27×10-6) and are characterized by positive Eu anomaly and high LREE/HREE ratios (3.95-6.51), similar to features of typical adakites. All of the rocks are also enriched in Ba, Sr and depleted in HFSEs (e.g., Nb, Ti and Yb). By comprehensively synthesizing geochemical compositions and geological setting for magma rocks within the study area, the authors hold that the Chelugou granitoids were derived from partial melting of subducted oceanic plate related to the northward subduction of the Qilian Ocean underneath the North China Block in Ordovician.
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1. 研究目的（Objective）
松科二井，获取了从基底—火石岭组—沙河子组—营城组—登娄库组下部连续完整的原位岩心。本文对松科二井沙河子组上部的孢粉化石进行研究，为研究白垩纪地球温室气候和环境变化，建立服务“百年大庆”目标和基础地质研究的“金柱子”提供基础资料。
2. 研究方法（Methods）
孢粉样品采自松科二井3395.46~3901.35 m，岩性为黑色、灰黑色泥岩、粉砂质泥岩，层位为沙河子组上部。孢粉分析鉴定在吉林大学古生物学与地层学研究中心完成，具体过程为：每个样品取过筛的干样50 g，进行盐酸→氢氟酸→氢氧化钾→盐酸→硝酸→氢氧化钾→盐酸等分析处理，用筛选法将样品中的孢粉化石集中在试管中，制2个固定片在生物显微镜下鉴定。
3. 研究结果（Results）
依据松科二井3395.46~3901.35 m井段的孢粉化石演化特征，划分出两个孢粉组合。
（1）Leiotriletes sp.- Cyathidites australis - Chasmatosporites sp.组合（简称LCC组合），分布在3832.94~3901.35m井段。蕨类孢子占绝对优势，裸子类花粉较低，未见被子类花粉。蕨类孢子含量最高的是Cyathidites australis，其次是Leiotriletes sp.和Cyclogranisporites sp.，有时代意义的还有Cicatricosisporites exilis、C. minutaestriatus、C. splendidus、C.australiensis、Klukisporites sp.、Maculatisporites sp.、Triporoletes singularis、Trilobosporites tribotrys、Aequitriradites sp.和Polycingulatisporites reduncus等；裸子类花粉含量最高的是Chasmatosporites sp.，其次是Psophosphaera sp.，有时代意义的类型有Parvisaccites sp.、Erlianpollis minisculus、Paleoconifersp.、Pseudowalchia sp.和Classopollis sp.等。
（2）Klukisporites triangulus- Aequitriradites sp.- Pristinuspollenites sp.组合（简称KAP组合），分布在3395.46~3613.62 m井段。裸子类花粉百分含量（53.03%~72.13%）较高，其次为蕨类孢子（27.87% ~46.97%），未见到被子类花粉。裸子类花粉中含量最高的是Alisporites parvus，其次是Piceaepollenites sp.，含量较高的类型还有Chasmatosporites sp.、Pinuspollenites divulgatus和P. sp.等，有时代意义的还有Parvisaccites otagoensis、Erlianpollis minisculus、E. mediocris、Jiaohepollis sp.和Classopollis classoides等。蕨类孢子含量最高的是Klukisporites sp.，其次是Leiotriletes sp.和Cyathidites australis，含量较高的类型还有Cyclogranisporites sp.等，有时代意义的有Cicatricosisporites exilis、C.apiteretus、C. australiensis、Klukisporites triangulus、K.variegatus、Pilosisporites scitulus、Impardecispora sp.、Levisporites wulinensis、Triporoletes singularis、Trilobosporites humilis、Aequitriradites sp.和Schizaeoisporites sp.等。
含有早白垩世特有或在早白垩世繁盛的分子：Cicatricosisporites、Klukisporites、Pilosisporites、Maculatisporites、Impardecispora、Levisporites、Triporoletes、Trilobosporites、Aequitriradites、Schizaeoisporites、Polycingulatisporites、Parvisaccites、Paleoconiferus、Erlianpollis、Foveotriletes.和Classopollis等（图 1）。
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图 1 松科二井沙河子组部分孢粉化石（1-Cicatricosisporites exilis，样品号：SK2-375；2. -Cicatricosisporites minutaestriatus，标品号：SK2-385；3-Cicatricosisporites splendidus，标品号：SK2-385；4-Cicatricosisporites australiensis，样品号(sample number)：SK2-375；5-Levisporites wulinensis，样品号(sample number)：SK2-205；6. Aequitriradites sp.，样品号(sample number)：SK2-389; 7-Trilobosporites tribotrys，样品号(sample number)：SK2-389；8- Classopollis classoides，标品号：SK2-97；9-Erlianpollis minisculus，样品号(number)：SK2-395; 10. Parvisaccites sp.，样品号：SK2-395；11. Pilosisporites scitulus，标品号：SK2-201；12-Triporoletes asper，标品号(specimen number)：SK2-219；13. Foveotriletes subtriangulularis，样品号：SK2-219；14-Klukisporites triangulus，样品号(sample number)：SK2-205；15-Impardecispora sp.，样品号：SK2-201; 16-Schizaeoisporites polaris，样品号：SK2-173；17-Polycingulatisporites reduncus，标品号：SK2-395；18-Maculatisporites sp.，样品号：SK2-391。19-Chasmatosporites sp.，样品号：SK2-389; 20-Paleoconiferae sp.，样品号(sample number)：SK2-391;线段比例尺为10 μm, the scale of the line segment is 10 μm）Figure 1. Spores and pollen from the Lower Cretaceous Shahezi Formation in Well SK2上述2个孢粉组合分布在，属沙河子组上部，LCC组合蕨类孢子百分含量占绝对优势，裸子类花粉较少，从组合特点来看，可以与高瑞琪等人建立的沙河子组上部Granulatisporites-Lophotriletes-Cicatricosisporites组合大致对比，但上部的KAP组合层位显然高于高瑞琪等人建立的孢粉组合。与高瑞琪等人建立的孢粉组合相比，当前孢粉组合出现的有时代意义的孢粉类型更多且时代更新。
4. 结论（Conclusions）
两个孢粉组合海金砂科孢子繁盛，类型多样化，没有发现早期被子植物花粉；虽在蕨类孢子与裸子类花粉的百分含量及属种构成上明显不同，但出现的有时代意义的化石类型基本相同，其时代均为早白垩世早期。
5. 致谢（Acknowledgement）
本文为国家自然科学基金项目（41790451)和中国地质调查局项目（DD20190097）共同资助。孢粉化石由张淑琴研究员鉴定。
致谢: 成文过程中中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心王国强博士、兰州大学赵姣龙博士、甘肃省地矿局四勘院张立涛高级工程师与作者进行了有益的交流，提供了中肯的建议和意见；论文数据得益于甘肃省地矿局第四勘查院地质调查所项目分队技术人员；两位匿名审稿人对本文提出了宝贵的修改意见，使本文的质量进一步提高。在此一并表示衷心感谢。 -
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图 1 车路沟一带地质简图
1—第四系冲、洪积物；2—二叠系砂岩；3—石炭系砂岩；4—志留系复理石建造；5—奥陶系扣门子组火山岩系；6—奥陶系中堡群火山-碎屑岩系；7—奥陶系阴沟群火山岩系；8—石英二长闪长岩；9—英云闪长玢岩；10—闪长玢岩；11—实测断裂构造；12—同位素测年样品采样位置；13—岩石全分析样品采样位置
Figure 1. Regional geological map of the Chelugou pluton
1- Quaternary; 2- Permian sandstone; 3- Carboniferous sandstone; 4- Silurian flysch formation; 5- Volcanic rocks of Ordovician Koumenzi Formation; 6- Volcanic clastic rocks of Ordovician Zhongbu Group; 7- Volcanic rocks of Ordovician Yingou Group; 8- Quartz monzodiorite; 9- Quartz mica dioritic porphyry; 10-Diorite porphyry; 11-Fault; 12-Sampling position for isotope dating; 13- Sampling position for rock analysis
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图 2 车路沟岩体野外露头及显微照片（a，b英云闪长玢岩；c，d闪长玢岩）
Figure 2. Field photos and representative microphotographs of quartz diorite porphyry (a, b) and diorite porphyry (c, b) from the Chelugou pluton
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图 3 车路沟岩体稀土元素配分模式（a）和微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图（b）
Figure 3. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns (a) and primitive mantle-normalized trace element patterns (b) of the Chelugou pluton
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图 4 车路沟英云闪长玢岩中锆石CL图像及LA ICP-MS测点位置
Figure 4. Cathodoluminescence images of zircons from quartz mica dioritic porphyry
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图 5 车路沟岩体中LA ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图及加权平均年龄图
Figure 5. Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb concordia diagrams and weighted average age of the Chelugou pluton
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图 6 车路沟岩体Y/Sr-Y和A/MF-C/MF图解
Figure 6. Sr/Y-Y(a)and A/MF-C/MF(b)diagrams of the Chelugou pluton
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图 7 车路沟岩体（Y+Nb）-Rb（a）和Y-Nb图解（b）
Figure 7. (Y+Nb)-Rb(a)and Y-Nb(b)diagrams of the Chelugou pluton
表 1 车路沟岩体主量元素（%）、微量元素（10-6）分析结果
Table 1 Analytical results of major elements (%) and trace elements (10-6) of the Chelugou rock mass
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 车路沟岩体中LA ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素测年结果
Table 2 Zircon LA ICP-MS U-Pb isotopic data of the Chelugou pluton
下载: 导出CSV
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