~2.0 Ga regional metamorphic event in Yangtze block and its heuristic significance to the geological differences evolutionary between north and south Huangling
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摘要:
扬子陆核黄陵地区发育较为完整的太古宙—古元古代片麻岩、表壳岩组合（即崆岭杂岩），前人调查研究认为南北黄陵Ar-Pt1具有一致的物质组成和地质演化过程。笔者分别对南北黄陵太古宙花岗质片麻岩进行锆石年代学研究发现，北黄陵2件样品（HL013-1、HL013-2）均存在大量锆石发育岩浆核-变质边结构，都获得~2.8 Ga原岩结晶年龄和~2.0 Ga变质年龄；而南黄陵1件样品（HL005-3）以具振荡环带结构的岩浆锆石为主，仅获得~2.9 Ga原岩结晶年龄。结合前人研究成果发现，~2.0 Ga的变质年龄在北黄陵太古宙—古元古代的花岗片麻岩、表壳岩中广泛发育，而在南黄陵相似建造中均未获得，一定程度上说明北黄陵地区广泛遭受~2.0 Ga的区域变质作用而南黄陵不发育，南北黄陵在古元古代可能处在不同地块或者同一地块不同部位。2.1~1.6 Ga的构造岩浆事件的分布特点说明扬子陆块可能存在多条古元古代造山带，扬子陆块古元古代以多块体拼贴为特点，广泛记录2.1~1.6 Ga的构造岩浆事件说明扬子陆块是全球哥伦比亚超大陆的重要组成部分。
Abstract:A set of integrated Archean-Paleoproterozoic gneisses and supracrustal rocks are exposed in Huangling area, Yangtze continental nucleus, and are named Kongling Complex. Previous research shows that north and south Huangling had the same material composition and geological evolution process in Ar-Pt1. Zircon dating studies of Archean granitic gneiss from the north and the south of Huangling respectively show that two samples (HL013-1 and HL013-2) from the north huangling contain a large amount of zircons with the development of core-rim structure, and have protolith age of ~2.8 Ga and metamorphic age of ~2.0 Ga, whereas one sample (HL005-3) from south Huangling mainly contains magmatic zircons with oscillatory zones, and has a crystallization age of ~2.9 Ga only. Combined with previous research results, the authors found that the metamorphic age of ~2.0 Ga was widely obtained in the Archean-Paleoproterozoic granitic gneiss and supracrustal rocks from north Huangling, but was not obtained in the similar structures from south Huangling. This is probably due to the fact that north Hangling had widely developed ~2.0 Ga regional metamorphism but south Huangling had not, and they were probably in different massifs or different parts of the same massif in Paleoproterozoic period. The spatial distribution characteristics of 2.1-1.6 Ga tectono-magmatic events in Yangtze block indicate that there may have existed multiple Paleoproterozoic orogenic belts, characterized by the evolution of multi-block collage in Paleoproterozoic. The extensive records of 2.1-1.6 Ga tectono-magmatic events indicate that the Yangtze block is an important part of the global Columbian supercontinent.
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1. 研究目的(Objective)
通过实施2020年四川省自然资源厅省政府性投资地质勘查项目，对沐川地区上二叠统宣威组底部泥岩中赋存的稀有、稀土、稀散元素进行调查评价，了解“三稀”元素含量与找矿前景，希望在“三稀”找矿方面取得突破性进展，为乌蒙山贫困地区脱贫提供技术服务和支撑产业规划、扶贫开发提供资源保障。
2. 研究方法(Method)
主要采用了1∶10000地质填图、1∶500矿化带剖面测量、探槽工程、钻探工程、采样与测试分析等方法，对上二叠统宣威组底部的富镓泥岩进行了初步研究。
3. 研究结果(Results)
沐川地区位于扬子陆块西缘(图 1a)，峨眉山大火成岩省中带(图 1b)。研究区位于五指山背斜核部，其核部地层为上二叠统峨眉山玄武岩(P3e)，两翼向两侧依次出露上二叠统宣威组(P3x)、三叠系(T)、侏罗系(J)等(图 1c)。镓矿层产出于峨眉山玄武岩组(P3e)顶部、宣威组(P3x)底部的紫红色铁质泥岩、灰白色铝质泥岩、浅灰绿色泥岩、灰色泥岩、浅灰绿色泥岩及深灰色炭质泥岩中，呈层状分布，层位稳定(图 1d)；找矿标志：峨眉山玄武岩组与宣威组(P3x)的平行不整合界线之上，具“成矿界面”特征，颜色上有明显的紫红色、灰白色、灰色及深灰色等，特别是具有特征的紫红色，宏观上易识别；根据地球化学图解判别显示，其成矿物质来源有可能来源于峨眉山玄武岩及峨眉山地幔柱演化末期喷发的火山灰。
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图 1 沐川地区构造位置图(a)，峨眉山玄武岩分布简图(b)，区域地质简图(c)及镓矿层产出层位示意图(d)Figure 1. Structural location map of Muchuan area(a), Simplified geological map showing distribution of the Emeishan basalts(b), Regional geological map of Muchuan area(c) and Schematic diagram of gallium ore occurrence horizon(d)采集钻孔岩心1/2切分样品，送样至自然资源部成都矿产资源监督检测中心采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)进行测试分析，结果显示ZK01钻孔镓(Ga)平均品位104 μg/g，矿层厚度6.27 m；ZK02钻孔镓(Ga)平均品位68.1 μg/g，矿层厚度8.67 m；ZK03钻孔镓(Ga)平均品位55.3 μg/g，矿层厚度13.87 m；三个工程的镓(Ga)平均品位为75.8 μg/g，平均厚度9.60 m。可以看出，沐川地区宣威组底部的泥岩中镓(Ga)品位较高，厚度较大，达到了中国现行的Ga矿资源工业指标要求(30 μg/g)。
4. 结论(Conclusion)
经初步估算沐川地区镓(Ga)资源量可达数万吨到数十万吨，有望找到超大型镓矿床(＞2000 t) 的潜力。沐川地区峨眉山玄武岩分布面积较广，为镓的富集成矿提供了丰富的物源。经地质填图及工程取样显示，宣威组底部富镓泥岩层厚度大，分布面积广泛，镓元素含量较高，具有巨大的找矿潜力。研究宣威组底部“三稀”元素成矿特征有助于中国在战略性关键矿产找矿方面取得重大突破，对地方国民经济发展具有重要意义。
5. 基金项目(Fund support)
本文为四川省自然资源厅2020年省政府性投资地质勘查项目(DZ20 2002)和四川省自然资源厅科技项目(kj-2022-6)资助成果。
致谢: 南京宏创地质勘查技术服务有限公司对锆石挑选、制靶、反射光、透射光和阴极发光拍照提供帮助，湖北省地质试验测试中心对锆石LA-ICP-MS测试提供技术指导，成都地质调查中心邹光富研究员和匿名审稿人提出大量修改意见，对文章质量的提升起了较大作用，在此一致表达谢意。 -
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图 2 黄陵地区太古宙片麻岩野外及镜下照片
Figure 2. Field photographs and photomicrographs for the Archaean gneisses from the Huangling area
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图 3 黄陵片麻岩HL013-1、HL013-2、HL005-3典型锆石阴极发光图（CL）
Figure 3. Typical Cathodoluminescence (CL) images of zircons from the gneisses (HL013-1, HL013-2, HL005-3) in the Huangling area
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图 4 黄陵片麻岩锆石测年Th/U-207Pb/206Pb年龄图（a）、HL013-1（b）、HL013-2（c）、HL005-3（d）谐和年龄图
Figure 4. Th/U-207Pb/206Pb age diagram (a), U-Pb concordia diagrams(b, c, d) of the gneisses (HL013-1, HL013-2, HL005-3) from the Huangling area
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图 5 南北黄陵古元古代构造岩浆事件对比图
Figure 5. Comparison chart of Paleoproterozoic tectono-magmatic events for north and south Huangling area
(after Li et al., 2018)
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图 6 扬子陆块>1.6Ga岩石分布示意图（据Li et al., 2019修改）
①—Wang et al.（2015）推测古元古代造山带位置；②—李一鹤（2016）推测古元古代造山带位置；XT-MZTF—晓天—磨子潭断裂；QF-XGF—青峰—襄广断裂；TLF—郯庐断裂；LMSF—龙门山断裂；ALSF—哀牢山断裂；SZ-MLF—师宗—弥勒断裂；JSF—江绍断裂
Figure 6. Distribution diagram of the >1.6 Ga rocks in Yangtze block (modified from Li et al., 2019)
①-Supposed Poleoproterozoic orogenic belt of Wang et al., 2015; ②-Supposed Poleoproterozoic orogenic belt of Li Yihe, 2016; XT-MZTF-Xiaotian- Mozitan fault belt; QF-XGF-Qingfeng-Xiangguang fault belt; TLF-Tanlu fault belt; LMSF-Longmen Mountain fault belt; ALSF-Ailao Mountain fault belt; SZ-MLF-Shizong- Mile fault belt; JSF-Jiangshao fault belt
表 1 片麻岩HL013-1、HL013-2、HL005-3 LA-ICP–MS测年结果
Table 1 LA-ICP-MS dating data for the gneisses HL013-1, HL013-2 and HL005-3
下载: 导出CSV
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