Spatial morphology of Qianlishan rock mass and its relationship with mineralization in Nanling region
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摘要:
千里山岩体是南岭地区与锡钨等矿产成矿关系密切的重要岩体，研究其空间特征与控矿作用，对于深部地质填图以及深部找矿预测具有重要意义。利用中比例尺重力资料，确定了千里山岩体的隐伏边界；通过对千里山岩体进行二维、三维模拟反演，揭示了千里山岩体与王仙岭岩体的连接关系和空间形态特征以及与围岩的接触关系。推断认为：千里山岩体与王仙岭岩体在深部相连，呈大岩基产出，并受到深大断裂控制；两岩体三维形态整体表现为气球膨胀式轮廓。结合地质资料，探讨了千里山岩体与成矿的关系，分析认为深部岩基和构造为矿床提供了成矿物质来源、热源及上升通道。
Abstract:Qianlishan rock mass is an important rock mass closely related to tin and tungsten mineralization in Nanling region. Studying its spatial characteristics and ore-controlling role is of great significance for deep geological mapping and deep prospecting and prediction. Using medium-scale gravity data the authors determined the hidden boundary of Qianlishan rock mass. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional simulation inversion revealed the connection relationship between Qianlishan rock mass and Wangxianling rock mass, the spatial morphological characteristics and the contact relationship with surrounding rock masses. It is inferred that the Qianlishan rock mass and the Wangxianling rock mass are connected in depth, and were produced in a large basement and controlled by deep and large faults, with the three-dimensional shape of the two rock masses being balloon expansive contour as a whole. On the basis of geological data, the relationship between Qianlishan rock mass and mineralization was discussed. It is concluded that deep bedrock and structure provided ore-forming material source, heat source and ascending channel for the deposit.
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1. 研究目的（Objective）
勘探实践证明，志留系是我国目前最为有利、最有前景的页岩气勘探开发层系，已在四川盆地的涪陵、长宁—威远等地区取得了页岩气重大突破，进入商业开发阶段。基础地质调查表明，四川盆地周缘地区志留系黑色页岩发育，尤其是鄂西—渝东北地区，志留系底部龙马溪组富含笔石黑色页岩发育，厚度大，页岩有机质丰度高，生烃潜力大。20世纪80年代以来，中石化、中石油实施的常规油气钻井，在志留系龙马溪组均见到了不同程度的页岩气显示，展示了其良好的页岩气勘探前景，但目前尚未取得突破性的进展。
2. 研究方法（Methods）
通过野外地质调查、老井复查、分析测试及综合研究，结合区域构造特征、岩相古地理、目的层埋深等条件，对鄂西—渝东北地区志留系龙马溪组页岩气成藏地质条件进行了系统的研究，以保存条件为核心，优选鄂西建始—巴东志留系页岩气勘查有利区，在建始龙坪背斜南翼部署实施了1口地质调查井——建地1井，全井段进行了取心、气测录井，和测井工作。通过对建地1井志留系龙马溪组、新滩组、罗惹坪组岩心样品进行系统采样，测试了有机地化、岩石矿物学、储层物性和含气性等评价参数，建立了志留系页岩气综合地质剖面。
3. 研究结果（Results）
建地1井钻探资料揭示志留系自上而下发育纱帽组、罗惹坪组、新滩组和龙马溪组。其中龙马溪组和下伏上奥陶统五峰组为一套富含笔石的黑色页岩，厚度为43.7 m。实验测试分析表明，五峰—龙马溪组页岩有机质丰度高，介于0.2% ~11.24%，平均为4.39%，其中TOC>2%的页岩厚度至少25 m，主要位于龙马溪组底部和五峰组（图 1）。页岩有机质类型为Ⅰ-Ⅱ1型，热成熟度（Ro）介于2.5%~2.9%，处于过成熟早期阶段。新滩组为一套薄—中层状灰色—深灰色粉砂岩或泥质粉砂岩。岩心储层物性研究数据表明，粉砂岩孔隙度介于5.6%~11.24%，储层空气渗透率介于0.0455~1.6712 mD，平均为0.777 mD，为典型的致密砂岩储层。其上覆罗惹坪组为一套厚层状深灰绿色泥岩，渗透率普遍低于10-6mD。综合以上，建始地区志留系发育一套五峰—龙马溪组（生）-新滩组（储）-罗惹坪组（盖）致密砂岩气的生储盖组合，具有龙马溪组页岩气、新滩组致密砂岩气同生共存的成藏组合。
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图 1 建地1井志留系综合柱状图Figure 1. Comprehensive columnar section of the Silurian strata in Jiandi 1 well建地1井随钻气测录井资料显示，该井钻至1345 m下志留统新滩组深灰色泥页岩地层时，气测全烃0.09%↑21.5%，甲烷0.087%↑19.89%，现场泥浆脱离气点火成功。其中1190~1738 m全烃异常值大于大于2%的地层累计厚93 m（图 1），综合解释为含气层。这是鄂西—渝东北复杂构造区志留系首次获得致密砂岩气发现，有望打开该地区油气勘探开发新局面。另外，该井钻至井深1738.55~1782.25 m五峰龙马溪组黑色页岩时，全烃异常值0.93%~ 11.07%，甲烷0.55%~9.70%。黑色页岩富含笔石化石，岩心浸水气泡明显，21个岩心样品现场解析含气量平均达0.92 m3（不含损失气、残余气）。建地1井钻探证实了建始地区志留系具有致密砂岩气和页岩气兼探合采的勘查开发前景。
4. 结论（Conclusions）
（1）建地1井钻探揭示湖北建始地区发育一套五峰—龙马溪组（生）-新滩组（储）-罗惹坪组（盖）的致密砂岩气生储盖组合。五峰—龙马溪组富有机质页岩厚度大、有机质丰度高，热成熟度适中，生烃能力好；新滩组为典型的致密砂岩储层。志留系具有龙马溪组页岩气、新滩组致密砂岩气共存的特点。
（2）随钻气测录井资料显示，建地1井新滩组致密砂岩储层、五峰—龙马溪组页岩储层均见到良好的油气显示，揭示建始地区志留系具有致密砂岩气和页岩气兼探合采的勘查开发前景。
5. 致谢（Acknowledgement）
本文为中国地质调查项目鄂西页岩气示范基地拓展区战略调查（DD20189812）资助的成果。感谢翟刚毅、石砥石教授级高工的指导和帮助。
致谢: 匿名审稿专家和编辑部老师对文章的修改提出了宝贵的意见，在此表示衷心感谢！ -
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图 1 千里山—瑶岗仙地区区域构造格架
（据湖南地质调查院，2017资料改编）
1—地壳断裂；2—基底断裂；3—板块拼接带；4—出露岩体；5—岩浆岩带；6—岩体名；7—研究区Figure 1. Regional tectonic framework map of Qianlishan-Yaogangxian area
(modified from Hunan Geological Survey Institute, 2017)
1-Crustal fault; 2-Basement fault; 3-Plate splicing zone; 4-Exposed rock mass; 5-Magmatic rock zone; 6-Rock mass name; 7-Research area![]()
图 2 千里山地区地质矿产图
1—第四系；2—侏罗系；3—二叠系；4—石炭系；5—泥盆系；6—寒武系；7—震旦系；8—南华系；9—晚侏罗世花岗岩；10—晚三叠世花岗岩；11—重力反演剖面；12—钨锡钼铋矿；13—钨钼矿；14—锡铋矿；15—钨矿；16—钨铅锌锑多金属矿；17—锡矿；18—砂锡矿；19—银铅锌矿；20—银铋矿；21—铅锌矿；22—铅锌铜多金属；23—银铅锌镉多金属矿；24—铜矿；25—锰矿；26—铁矿；27—铁锰矿
Figure 2. Geological and mineral resources map of Qianli Mountain area
1-Quaternary; 2-Jurassic; 3-Permian; 4-Carboniferous; 5-Devonian; 6-Cambrian; 7-Sinian; 8-Nanhua system; 9-Late Jurassic granite; 10-Late Triassic granite; 11-Gravity inversion profile; 12-W-Sn-Mo-Bi deposit; 13-W-Mmo deposit; 14-Sn-Bi deposit; 15-W deposit; 16- W-Pb-Zn-Sb polymetallic deposit; 17-Sn deposit; 18-Scheelite; 19-Ag-Pb-Zn deposit; 20-Ag-Bi deposit; 21-Lead-zinc deposit; 22-Leadzinc-copper polymetallic deposit; 23-Silver-lead-zinc-cadmium polymetallic deposit; 24-Copper deposit; 25-Manganese deposit; 26-Iron deposit; 27-Ferromanganese
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图 3 千里山—王仙岭半隐伏岩体推断成果
1—剩余异常正等值线；2—剩余异常负等值线；3—剩余异常零值线；4—出露花岗岩体；5—推断半隐伏岩体；6—重力二维反演剖面.
技术说明:1—剩余异常单位：10-5 m/s2；2—布格异常上延0.5 km；3—异常分离窗口半径7 kmFigure 3. Inference of semi-concealed rock mass from Qianli Mountain to Wangxianling area
1-Residual abnormal positive isoline; 2-Residual abnormal negative isoline; 3-Residual abnormal zero value line; 4-Exposed granite body; 5-Inferred semi-concealed rock body; 6-2-D gravity inversion profile. Technical description: 1-Residual anomaly unit: 10-5 m/s2; 2-Bouguer anomaly upward extension 0.5 km; 3-Anomaly separation window radius 7 km
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图 4 千里山半隐伏岩体剖面重力反演推断成果
1—实测重力异常曲线；2—拟合重力异常曲线；3—地形线；4—反演地质体；5—推断断裂及编号；6—密度值(g/cm3)；7—第四系；8—石炭系；9—泥盆系；10—中—新元古界基底构造层；11—中元古界基底构造层；12—晚侏罗世花岗岩
Figure 4. Gravity inversion inference of semi-concealed rock mass profile in Qianlishan
1- Measured gravity anomaly curve; 2- Fitted gravity anomaly curve; 3 - Topographic line; 4 - Inversion geological body; 5-Inferred fault and No.; 6-density value (g / cm3); 7-Quaternary; 8-Carboniferous; 9-Devonian; 10-Middle Neoproterozoic basement structural layer; 11-Middle Proterozoic basement structural layer; 12-Late Jurassic granite
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图 5 千里山岩体三维空间分布形态
a—3 km深度三维反演西南方向前视图；b—15 km深度三维反演西南方向前视图
Figure 5. Three- dimensional spatial distribution pattern of Qianlishan rock mass
a-3 km depth three-dimensional inversion of southwest front view; b-15 km depth three-dimensional inversion of southwest front view
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图 6 千里山—王仙岭半隐伏岩体与矿产分布关系
1—1:50000水系沉积物测量综合异常；2—重力推断地壳断裂；3—重力推断基底断裂；4—重力推断盖层断裂；5—推断断裂编号；6—已知矿床(点）；7—出露花岗岩体；8—推断半隐伏花岗岩体；9—推断隐伏花岗岩体
Figure 6. Relation between Qianlishan Wangxianling semi-concealed rock mass and mineral resources distribution
1- 1:50000 comprehensive anomaly of stream sediment survey; 2- Gravity inferred crustal fault; 3- Gravity inferred basement fault; 4- Gravity inferred caprock fault; 5-Inferred fault number; 6-Known deposit (point); 7-Exposed granite body; 8-Inferred semi concealed granite body; 9-Inferred concealed granite body
表 1 千里山地区主要地层及岩体密度值一览
Table 1 A survey of the main strata and rock mass density values in the Qianli Mountain
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