Magmatic evolution characteristics of two types of rhyolite dacite in Xiangshan uranium ore field——Evidence from chemical composition of feldspar and biotite
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摘要:研究目的
长石、黑云母等岩浆分异作用形成的矿物可以作为寄主岩石岩浆演化的指示剂。相山流纹英安岩与流纹英安斑岩两者在形成时代、成因归属、物质来源和地幔物质参与等方面存在争议。
研究方法本文借助电子探针技术对相山两类流纹英安岩中的长石、黑云母进行定量分析，对两者间的成分、物质来源、形成温度、氧逸度和岩石性质等特征进行分析研究，在此基础上探讨两类流纹英安岩的岩浆演化特征。
研究结果研究结果表明：相山打鼓顶组流纹英安岩可区分为两类，一类是喷溢相的流纹英安岩（K1d2a），另一类是侵入相的流纹英安斑岩（K1d2b）。流纹英安岩的长石类型较流纹英安斑岩多，其中流纹英安岩的长石类型包括钠长石、钾长石、钾-透长石、更长石、中长石；流纹英安斑岩长石类型主要有钠长石、钾长石和钾-透长石。流纹英安岩与流纹英安斑岩的黑云母形成温度基本相同（750±20℃），均具有高氧逸度，同属钙碱性岩；岩浆物质来源相同，均有幔源物质加入。
结论流纹英安岩与流纹英安斑岩的化学成分基本相同、长石类型相似、物质来源相同、结晶温度相同、氧逸度一致、岩石性质相同，说明两者具有同源性。
创新点: 本研究利用电子探针技术对相山两类流纹英安岩进行矿物特征研究；通过对岩石中的长石、黑云母定量分析，对两者间的成分、物质来源、形成温度、氧逸度和岩石性质等特征研究，解决相山流纹英安岩与流纹英安斑岩两者在成因归属、物质来源和地幔物质参与等方面的争议。
Abstract:This paper is the result of mineral exploration engineering.
ObjectiveMinerals formed by magmatic differentiation, such as feldspar and biotite, can be used as indicators of magmatic evolution of host rocks.There are disputes between rhyodacite and rhyodacite porphyry from Xiangshan, in the aspects of formation age, origin, material source and mantle material participation.
MethodsIn this paper, the electron probe technology is used to quantitatively analyze the feldspar and biotite in two types of rhyodacites in Xiangshan, and the composition, material source, formation temperature, oxygen fugacity and rock properties of the two types of rhyodacites are analyzed and studied.
ResultsThe results show that the rhyodacite of Xiangshan Daguding Formation can be divided into two types, one is the effusive rhyodacite (K1d2a) and the other is the intrusive rhyodacite porphyry (K1d2b). The types of feldspar from rhyodacite are more than those of rhyodacite porphyry. The feldspar types of rhyodacite include albite, potassium feldspar, potassium sanidine, feldspar and andesine. The main feldspar types of rhyodacite porphyry are albite, potassium feldspar and potassium-sanidine. The biotite formation temperature of rhyodacite and rhyodacite porphyry is basically the same (750±20℃). Rhyodacite and rhyodacite porphyry both have high oxygen fugacity and belong to calc-alkaline rocks, indicating the same magma material source with part from mantle material.
ConclusionsThe chemical composition is basically the same, together with the same feldspar type, the same material source, the same crystallization temperature, the sameoxygen fugacity, and the same rock properties, indicating that the two have homology.
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1. 研究目的（Objective）
湘中坳陷作为南方复杂构造区页岩气勘探的热点地区之一，也是中国油气勘探久攻未克的地区。前期在湘中地区北部的涟源凹陷泥盆系和石炭系获得了页岩气突破和发现，证实了湘中地区上古生界页岩气资源丰富。但对湘中地区南部的邵阳凹陷调查程度较为薄弱，针对邵阳凹陷二叠系仅开展了少量基础地质调查工作，页岩气资源潜力评价方面的工作尤为欠缺。本次研究依托邵阳湘邵地1井（XSD1井）钻探工程建立了邵阳凹陷二叠系地层层序序列，揭示了主要含气页岩层系的分布特征，获取了含气性评价参数，对湘中地区二叠系页岩气勘探开发和重新评价湘中坳陷页岩气资源潜力具有重要的现实意义。
2. 研究方法（Methods）
中国地质调查局武汉地质调查中心在收集分析区域地质相关资料的基础上，结合邵阳凹陷短陂桥向斜的煤田浅钻、非震物探等资料开展页岩气地质综合评价，采用页岩埋深500~4500 m，页岩有机碳含量≥1.0%，页岩厚度≥15 m，页岩有机质热演化程度1.0%~3.5%的评价参数在短陂桥向斜区优选页岩气远景区，论证部署了1口小口径页岩气地质调查井—XSD1井，湖南煤田地质勘查有限公司组织实施钻探（图 1a）。该井采样全井段取心钻井工艺，测井选取PSJ-2数字测井系统，录井采用SK-2000G气测录井，钻获二叠系大隆组156.05 m（暗色硅质页岩、钙质泥岩94.48 m），龙潭组349.95 m（暗色泥岩216.93 m，粉砂质泥岩36.9 m），对这两套层系共采集暗色泥岩样品33件，进行解析气含量测定分析，落实了含气性评价参数。
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图 1 湘邵地1井构造位置图（a）、主要含气层段岩性和含气性参数柱状图（b）、以及富集模式图（c）Figure 1. Structural location of Xiangshaodi 1 well (a), lithology and gas-bearing parameters of main gas bearing zones (b), and enrichment mode (c)3. 结果（Results）
本次样品分析工作由武汉地质调查中心古生物与生命-环境协同演化重点实验室完成，采用YSQ-IIIA岩石解析气测定仪（燃烧法）对含气段岩心共计33件样品进行分析。该井钻获二叠系大隆组厚度156.05 m，为一套硅质岩、硅质页岩、炭质钙质泥岩地层。其中在井深842~930.2 m硅质页岩、钙质泥岩段，气测全烃值从1.06%上升至16.54%，甲烷值从1.01%上升至14.04%，13件大隆组硅质页岩现场解析总含气量为1.29~9.97 m3/t，平均4.85 m3/t。实现了湘中坳陷二叠系页岩气新发现，有效拓展了华南地区大隆组勘探范围。
钻获龙潭组厚度349.95 m，上段为一套细砂岩、粉砂岩夹泥岩潮坪相沉积地层，下段为一套炭质泥岩、粉砂质泥岩夹薄层细砂岩泻湖相沉积地层。在井深1013.4~1048 m泥岩与粉砂岩互层段气测全烃值最高可达19.87%，甲烷值最高为16.94%，7件泥岩与粉砂岩样品现场解析总含气量0.57~3.42 m3/t，平均1.78 m3/t；井深1088.10~1199.75 m泥岩夹泥质粉砂岩含气层111.6 m，气测全烃值最高可达28.2%，甲烷值最高为23.6%，13件泥岩、粉砂质泥岩样品现场解析总含气量0.90~4.55 m3/t，平均2.01 m3/t（图 1b），首次查明了湘中坳陷二叠系龙潭组非常规油气分布特点。
通过区域地质背景分析，并结合煤田区域地质资料，本研究认为滑脱断裂（F9）上下盘具有不同的页岩气聚集条件。滑脱断裂之上由一系列的同向逆断层形成的逆冲推覆体，地层变形强烈，且裂缝发育，导致页岩气保存条件变差。滑脱断裂下盘是页岩气主要富集区，地层平缓，不发育次级通天断裂，与下盘地层形成反向遮挡，易形成封闭，保存条件良好（图 1c）。
4. 结论（Conclusions）
（1）二叠系大隆组岩性以硅质岩、硅质页岩为主，夹少量灰岩。主要含气段存在于上段硅质页岩段，厚88.2 m，含气量平均为4.85 m3/t，含气性优越，资源潜力大。
（2）二叠系龙潭组上段以致密砂岩气为主，含气量平均为1.78 m3/t；下段以页岩气为主，泥岩厚达177.47 m，含气量平均为2.01 m3/t，具有泥岩厚度大，含气性好等特征。
（3）保存条件是页岩气富集关键，构造改造弱的封闭演化环境有利于页岩气保存，研究区滑脱断裂下盘是页岩气主要富集区，易形成封闭，保存条件良好。
（4）湘邵地1井在二叠系大隆组和龙潭组获得良好的页岩气显示，证实了湘中地区二叠系具有良好的页岩气资源潜力，对湘中地区页岩气资源潜力评价具有重要意义。
5. 基金项目（Fund support）
本文为中国地质调查局项目“中扬子地区油气页岩气调查评价”（DD20221659）资助的成果。
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图 1 赣杭构造带简图（据余心起等，2006修改）
Figure 1. Simplified geology of the Gan-Hang Volcanic Belt (modified from Yu Xinqi et al., 2006)
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图 2 相山地质简图（据刘龙等，2020修改）
1—第四系黏土；2—上白垩统砂岩、砂砾岩；3—鹅湖岭组二段碎斑熔岩；4—鹅湖岭组一段砂砾岩、晶屑凝灰岩；5—打鼓顶组二段流纹英安岩；6—打鼓顶组一段熔结凝灰岩、砂岩；7—上三叠统石英砂岩、页岩；8—青白口系片岩、千枚岩；9—加里东期花岗岩；10—花岗斑岩；11—断裂；12—取样位置
Figure 2. Geological schematic diagram of Xiangshan (modified from Liu Long et al., 2020)
1-Quaternary clay; 2-Upper Cretaceous sandstone and glutenite; 3-Porphyry lava of the second section of Ehuling Formation; 4-Glutenite and crystalline tuff in the first section of Ehuling Formation; 5-Rhyolite dacite of the second section of Daguding Formation; 6-Fused tuff and sandstone of the first section of Daguding Formation; 7-Upper Triassic quartz sandstone and shale; 8-Schist and phyllite of Qingbaikou; 9-Caledonian granites; 10-Granite porphyry; 11-Fracture; 12-Sampling position
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图 3 如意亭实测剖面示意图（据吴仁贵，1999修改）
1—凝灰岩；2—砂岩、粉砂岩；3—流纹英安岩；4—流纹英安斑岩；5—碎斑熔岩；6—断层
Figure 3. Diagram of Ruyiting section(modified from Wu Rengui, 1999)
1-Tuff; 2-Sandstone, siltstone; 3-Rhyolitic dacite; 4-Rhyodacitic porphyry; 5-Porphyroclastic lava; 6-Fault
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图 4 邹家山矿床55线剖面图（据江西核工业地质局261队内部资料）
1—碎斑熔岩；2—砂岩、晶屑玻屑凝灰岩；3—流纹英安斑岩；4—流纹英安岩；5—基底变质岩；6—矿脉；7—断层；8—钻孔
Figure 4. Section of line 55 of Zoujiashan deposit (according to internal data of Team 261, Jiangxi Geological Bureauof Nuclear Industry)
1-Porphyroclastic lava; 2-Sandstone, crystal glass tuff; -Rhyodacitic porphyry; 4-Rhyolite dacite; 5-Basement metamorphic rock; 6-Mineral ore; 7-Fault; 8-Drill hole
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图 5 流纹英安岩变形特征素描图（地点: 如意亭剖面沟谷处）
Figure 5. Deformation characteristics of rhyolite dacite (Location: Ruyiting section gully)
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图 6 相山流纹英安岩地质照片
a—野外特征（堆头）；b—XS19-03手标本照片；c、d—偏光显微镜照片；e、f—电子探针照片；Pl—斜长石；Bi—黑云母
Figure 6. Geological photographs of the rhyolite dacite in Xiangshan
a-Field characteristics photograph (Duitou); b-XS19-03 Hand specimen photograph; c, d- Polarizing microscope photograph; e, f- Electron probe photograph; Pl-Plagioclase; Bi-Biotite
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图 7 相山流纹英安斑岩地质照片
a—野外照片（如意亭）；b—XS19-07手标本照片；c、d—偏光显微照片；e、f—电子探针照片；Pl—斜长石；Bi—黑云母
Figure 7. Geologic photographs of the rhyolite porphyry in Xiangshan
a-Field characteristics photograph (Ruyiting); b-XS19-07 hand specimen photograph; c, d-Polarizing microscope photograph; e, f-Electron probe photograph; Pl-Plagioclase; Bi-Biotite
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图 8 相山两类流纹英安岩中斜长石Ab-An-Or三元图解（底图据Deer et al., 1992）
Figure 8. Ab-An-Or ternary diagram of plagioclase in two types of rhyolite dacite in Xiangshan (after Deer et al., 1992)
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图 9 斜长石中Na2O、Al2O3、CaO、An、Ab、Or对SiO2的关系图解
Figure 9. Relationship diagrams of Na2O, Al2O3, CaO, An, Ab, Or vs SiO2 in plagioclase
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图 10 岩浆黑云母中SiO2、TiO2、Al2O3、FeO、MgO、MnO、K2O、Na2O对Fe2+/(Fe2++Mg)关系图
Figure 10. Relationship of SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, FeO, MgO, MnO, K2O, Na2O vs. Fe2+/(Fe2++Mg) in magmatic biotite
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图 11 相山两类流纹英安岩中黑云母的成分分类图（底图据Foster，1960）
Figure 11. Classified figures of the composition of biotite in two types of rhyolite dacite in Xiangshan (basemap after Foster, 1960)
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图 12 相山两类流纹英安岩长石电子探针图像
a，c—流纹英安斑岩XS19-07；b，d—流纹英安岩XS19-11；Pl—斜长石；Or—黑云母
Figure 12. Electron probe EPMA image of feldspars two types of rhyolite dacite in Xiangshan
a, c-Rhyodacitic porphyry XS19-07; b, d-Rhyolite dacite XS19-11; Pl-Plagioclase; Or-Biotite
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图 13 两类流纹英安岩黑云母判别图
a—MgO-TFeO/(TFeO+MgO)图解（底图据周作侠，1986）；b—黑云母结晶温度Mg/(Mg+Fe) -Ti图解（底图据Henry, 2005）；c—黑云母Fe3+-Fe2+-Mg2+图解（底图据Wones, 1989）；d—黑云母TFeO-Al2O3-MgO图解（底图据Abdel-Rahman, 1994）；A—碱性花岗岩；C—钙碱性花岗岩；P—过铝花岗岩
Figure 13. Discriminating diagram of biotite of two types in rhyolite dacite
a—MgO-TFeO/(TFeO+MgO) diagram (after Zhou Zuoxia, 1986); b—黑云母结晶温度Mg/(Mg+Fe) -Ti diagram (after Henry, 2005); c—Fe3+-Fe2+-Mg2+ diagram (after Wones, 1989); d—TFeO-Al2O3-MgO diagram (after Abdel-Rahman, 1994); A-Alkaline granite; C-Calc-alkaline granite; P-Peraluminous granite
表 1 相山两类流纹英安岩采样位置
Table 1 Sampling locations of two types of rhyolitic dacite in Xiangshan
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 相山两类流纹英安岩长石电子探针测试数据（%）
Table 2 Electron probe test data of feldspar of two types of rhyolite dacite in Xiangshan (%)
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 相山两类流纹英安岩岩浆黑云母电子探针测试结果（%）及计算结果
Table 3 Electron probe test and calculation results of biotite of two types of rhyolite dacite in Xiangshan (%)
下载: 导出CSV
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