Boundary definition of Wufeng Formation and Longmaxi Formation in well DD1 and sedimentary environment evolution of Northeastern Yunnan
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摘要:
DD1井上奥陶统临湘组泥灰岩之上发育大套粉砂质泥岩，笔石化石缺乏，也未发现观音桥段含赫南特贝灰岩标志层，O-S界线通过生物地层和岩石地层方法难以确定。微量、稀土元素分析表明，粉砂质泥岩中部（1288.3 m）的Th、Sr、Y、Th/U以及Cen、Eun、δCe、δEu曲线均呈现尖锐的异常峰，该处∑REE含量显著高于上下地层，REE分布曲线右倾斜率更大。将DD1井与扬子地区其他O-S界线剖面的元素地球化学特征进行对比分析，可判断DD1井存在五峰组观音桥段，该标志层的厚度也小于1 m。微量元素地球化学氧化-还原判别图还表明，五峰期-龙马溪期早期沉积水介质主要处于弱氧化环境，观音桥期氧化性达到最强；根据沉积学标志分析，O-S之交沉积相演变过程为：潮下→潮间→潮上→潮间，在观音桥期水体最浅，为潮上带沉积。
Abstract:Although the Upper Ordovician Linxiang Formation marl in DD1 well is covered with thick silty mudstone, there is a lack of graptolite fossil, and no Hirnantia limestone marker stratum of the Guanyinqiao Member. Therefore, it is difficult to determine the boundary between Ordovician System and Silurian System by biostratigraphic and petrostratigraphic methods. The analysis of trace elements and REE of silty mudstone in the well DD1 shows that Th, Sr, Y, Th/U, Cen, Eun, δCe and δEu curves at the middle part of silty mudstone (1288.3m) present sharp abnormal peaks with significantly higher ΣREE content of silty mudstone (1288.3m) than its upper and lower silty mudstone and great right slope of the REE distribution curve. By comparing the elemental geochemistry characteristics of the well DD1 with other O-S boundary in the Yangtze Region, it can be concluded that there exists Guanyinqiao Member of Wufeng Formation in the well DD1, and the thickness of this marker layer is also less than 1 m. The geochemical redox discriminant graph shows that the sedimentary water medium mainly was in weak oxidation environment from the Wufeng period to the early Longmaxi period, and its oxidation was the strongest in the Guanyinqiao period. According to the analysis of sedimentary markers, the evolution process of the sedimentary facies at the O-S transition is as follows:subtidal → intertidal → supertidal → intertidal; in the Guanyinqiao period, the water was the shallowest, and there existed supertidal deposits.
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致谢: 本文在古生物鉴定方面得到了中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所詹仁斌研究员和樊隽轩研究员的帮助，成文过程中与中国地质调查局成都地质调查中心刘伟高工、陆俊泽工程师进行有益的讨论，审稿专家也提出了宝贵的意见，在此一并表示感谢！
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图 1 DD1井地质背景图
a—中上扬子地区奥陶系-志留系界线附近年代地层、岩石地层及生物地层划分（据陈旭等, 1987, 2017; 聂海宽等, 2011；略有修改）；b—中上扬子晚奥陶世赫南特期（五峰期）DD1井所处古地理与大地构造背景（据戎嘉余等, 1987；牟传龙等, 2011；略有修改）；c—DD1井龙马溪组中部（井深1205.5 m处）粉-细砂岩中的腕足化石
Figure 1. Geological map of the well DD1
a-division of chronostratigraphy, lithostratigraphy and biostratigraphy near the Ordovician-Silurian boundary in the upper and middle Yangtze plate (modified from Chen Xu et al., 1987, 2017; Nie Haikuan et al., 2011); b-paleogeography and geotectonic setting of DD1 well in Hirnantian (Wufeng period) in the middle and upper Yangtze plate (modified from Rong Jiayu et al., 1987, Mou Chuanlong et al., 2011); c-brachiopod fossils from siltstone in the middle of Longmaxi Formation (1205.5 m) of DD1 well
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图 2 奥陶系—志留系界线附近敏感微量元素地球化学异常分布曲线对比图
a—滇东北DD1井；b—湖北省远安县苟家垭剖面（据王传尚等, 2002）
Figure 2. Sensitive trace elements curves near Ordovician-Silurian boundary
a-DD1 well in Northwest Yunnan; b-Goujiaya section, Yuan'an County, Hubei Province(after Wang Chuanshang et al., 2002)
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图 3 DD1井奥陶系—志留系界线附近Cen, Eun和δCe, δEu曲线对比
Figure 3. Cen, Eun and δCe, δEu curves of near Ordovician-Silurian boundary in the well DD1
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图 4 DD1井奥陶系-志留系界线附近稀土元素分配模式图
Figure 4. Chondrite-normalized REE abundance pattern of near Ordovician-Silurian boundary in the well DD1
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图 5 DD1井上奥陶统五峰组-下志留统龙马溪组下段氧化还原环境的微量元素判别指标（①~⑤分别代表①小段~⑤小段）
Figure 5. Discriminant index of trace elements for redox environment from Wufeng Formation to Lower Member of Longmaxi Formation in the well DD1(① ~ ⑤ represents No.1 ~ No.5 small membets)
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图 6 DD1井奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组下段发育的沉积标志
a—波状层理、脉状层理，五峰组下段，1293.46 m；b—菱形自形黄铁矿，五峰组下段，1291.51m；c—透镜状层理、粉砂质条带，龙马溪组下段底部，1276.78 m
Figure 6. Sedimentological markers from Wufeng Formation to Lower Member of Longmaxi Formation in the well DD1
a- Wavy bedding, vein bedding, Lower member of Wufeng Formation, 1293.46 m; b- Rhombic euhedral pyrite, Lower member of Wufeng Formation, 1291.51m; c- Lenticular bedding and silty belt, the bottom of Lower Longmaxi Formation, 1276.78 m
表 1 DD1井部分代表性样品主量、微量和稀土元素含量及比值（主量元素单位为%；其他元素为μg/g）
Table 1 Contents and ratios of trace elements, REE(μg/g) and major elements(%)in some samples of well DD1
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