Provenance and sedimentary environment of the Mesoproterozoic Honghongzhuang Formation in northern part of North China
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摘要:
为探讨华北地区中元古界洪水庄组黑色泥页岩物源和沉积环境，采集了燕辽地区清河剖面洪水庄组样品，进行元素地球化学测试和分析。结果表明：洪水庄组沉积物来源不仅有陆源碎屑物质，还有海水沉积物贡献。Y/Ho和ΣREE交会图版分析认为海水沉积物来源占比为10%~20%。此外，稀土元素分布模式以及Ce和Eu异常表明沉积物来源有火山热液活动的参与。Mo-EF/U-EF分析结果表明洪水庄为海洋非滞留海盆沉积环境，氧化还原条件在沉积期发生了演变：在洪一段沉积时期，水体还原程度强，为厌氧-硫化环境；洪二段沉积时期，水体还原程度降低，为贫氧-厌氧环境。分析认为洪水庄组物源组成和沉积环境演变与沉积构造背景密切相关。
Abstract:In order to further explore the provenance and sedimentatary environment of mud shale in the Mesoproterozoic Hongshuizhuang Formation of northern China, samples were collected from outcrops of the Qinghe section of Honghongzhuang Formation for elementary geochemical testing and analysis. The results show that the sediments were not only from terrigenous clastics but also from marine sediments. The results of Y/Ho and ΣREE relationship diagram analysis show that the source proportion of seawater sediments is 10%-20%. In addition, the distribution pattern of rare earth elements and the Ce and Eu anomalies indicate the involvement of volcanic hydrothermal activity in the sediment source. Mo-EF/U-EF analysis results show that Hongshuizhuang is a sedimentary environment of Marine non-stationary basin, and the evolution of redox conditions in the sedimentary period is as follows:in the period of the Lower Member deposition of Hongshuizhuang Formation, the water body was in a strong reductive anaerobic-sulfurization environment; while, during the period of its Upper Member deposition, the reduction degree of water decreased and the environment was anaerobic. It is concluded that the provenance composition and sedimentary environment evolution of the Honghongzhuang Formation are closely related to the sedimentary tectonic setting.
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1. 研究目的（Objective）
尼玛盆地构造上位于班公湖—怒江缝合带中部，是发育在侏罗系—白垩系海相地层之上的古近系陆相裂谷盆地，北接羌塘地块，南邻冈底斯地块，近东西向展布，面积约3000 km2。本次研究目的是初步查明尼玛盆地东部冻土发育特征，调查盆地东部古近系地层层序，获取古近系烃源岩、储盖层等关键评价参数，进一步评价盆地油气资源潜力。
结合新获取的大地电磁测深、地表地质调查及藏尼地1井资料，通过对盆地东部石油地质条件的进一步论证，中国地质调查局油气资源调查中心在盆地东部赛布错坳陷部署实施了藏双地1井，该井的实施对于西藏高原陆相盆地的油气勘探具有重要意义。
2. 研究方法（Methods）
通过资料的收集和重新处理解释，建立了尼玛盆地基础资料数据库，结合之前在尼玛盆地东部发现的油气显示带及最新的大地电磁测深和藏尼地1井资料，优选井位。藏双地1井完钻井深1206.78 m，全井段进行了取心、录井和测井，共有岩心407箱，岩心总长1108.88 m，收获率95.9%。在古近系牛堡组选取烃源岩样品进行地球化学分析测试，通过分析有机质丰度、有机质类型、热演化成熟度来评价烃源岩生烃潜力；使用荧光分析仪对岩石进行荧光分析，主要进行干照和滴照实验，来检测岩石、岩屑中的沥青、烃类等有机物质。
3. 结果（Results）
藏双地1井从上到下钻遇地层依次为第四系+ 新近系—牛堡组三段—牛堡组二段（未穿），气测录井有3处气测异常段，总烃最高为0.159%，岩性为棕红色粉砂岩、灰色细砂岩。含气量解析取样井段527.90~1206.78 m，共取样54个，现场解析在标准大气压下最高含气量为0.213 m3/t；共做浸水试验20个，拍摄视频20个，其中井深744.40 m、752.08 m、767.30 m、774.66 m、797.20 m、832.43 m均有气泡冒出，以井深752.08 m最为明显。
荧光录井井段0~1206.78 m，对全井岩心按设计逐包进行荧光直照、拍照、氯仿浸泡，定级；全井共录取荧光资料421个点，其中井深1024.23~1026.23 m牛二段灰绿色泥岩断面处，可见黑色薄膜状干沥青，具荧光显示，干照下呈黄色、淡黄色，产状为星点状、带状，用氯仿滴照可呈片状；井深1077.46~1077.76 m牛二段见油迹；井深1078.16~1078.76 m牛二段见点状干沥青；井深1078.76~1079.16 m牛二段层理间见油斑；井深1079.16~1080.16 m牛二段顶部断面处见油迹，都具有荧光显示，呈黄色、淡黄色，产状为星点状、带状（图 1）。
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图 1 藏双地1井牛堡组二段录井柱状图及1079.16~1080.16 m油气显示Figure 1. Logging histogram and the oil and gas display in 1079.16-1080.16m of the second member of Niubao formation in Well Zangshuangdi 14. 结论（Conclusions）
（1）藏双地1井全井取心，获得了尼玛盆地东部古近系地层层序、烃源岩及储层等相关参数，分别在牛三段418.43~422.00 m、牛二段890.00~898.00 m及1068.16~1087.00 m发现3处气测异常段，总烃最高为0.159%，现场解析含气量值最大为0.213 m3/t，并在牛二段1077~1080 m处发现不同级别的油气显示，首次实现了尼玛盆地地下油气的重要发现，对盆地下一步的勘探部署具有重要意义。
（2）本井是继藏尼地1井后在西藏尼玛盆地部署实施的第2口地质调查井，通过对藏双地1井的钻井技术攻关，进一步总结出了适合高寒缺氧、地表及地下地质条件复杂的高原钻井施工工艺和设备参数，为下一步在该区钻井施工提供了重要的技术支撑。
尼玛盆地平均海拔近4800 m，由于其高海拔的特殊性，具有高寒缺氧、气候恶劣、生态脆弱等特征，在野外施工过程中与其他地区有着很大的不同，通过藏尼地1井、藏双地1井的钻探，克服了高寒条件下冻土发育钻井技术难题和高原缺氧条件下深井取心难题，基本形成了一套安全、环保、高效的作业技术体系，为高原地区的钻探施工工程积累了丰富的经验。
5. 致谢（Acknowledgement）
感谢李韬、李显亮等同志的交流和启发。
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图 1 华北北部燕山地区中新元古界地层柱状图（左）和清河剖面洪水庄组岩性柱状图（右）
Figure 1. The Mesoproterozoic-Neoproterozoic stratigraphic column of the Yanshan area (left) and lithological columns of the Hongshuangzhuang Formation of the Qinghe section(right) in north China
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图 2 华北宽城清河剖面洪水庄组野外露头（a-硅质页岩；b-灰黑色泥页岩）
Figure 2. Outcrop of the Hongshuizhuang Formation in the Qinghe section, Kuancheng, North China (a-siliceous shale; b-grayish black shale)
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图 3 华北北部燕辽裂陷现今构造区划简图
Figure 3. Simplified map of geological structure in Yanshan area of north China
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图 4 微量元素和稀土元素平均含量直方图
Figure 4. Histogram of average content of trace elements and rare earth elements
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图 5 洪水庄组样品Th-Zr（a），Th-YHo（b）关系图解
Figure 5. Th-Zr, Th-Y/Ho relationship diagram of samples from Hongshuihzhuang Formation rocks
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图 6 洪水庄组样品物源百分含量识别图（底图据Zhang et al, 2016）
注：红色曲线代表的是海水沉积和UCC陆源碎屑沉积混合含量的百分比趋势；百分数代表的是海水沉积百分比
Figure 6. Percentage identification chart of source material in Hongshuizhuang Formation(after Zhang et al., 2016)
(The red curve represents the percentage trend of the mixing content of seawater deposition and UCC terrigenous clastic deposition. The percentage represents the percentage of seawater sediments)
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图 7 澳大利亚页岩标准化（PAAS）后洪水庄组泥页岩样品稀土元素分布模式（数据来源于Pourmand et al., 2012）
Figure 7. REE distribution pattern of Hongshuizhuang formation shale samples after shale standardization in Australia(data from Pourmand et al., 2012)
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图 8 洪水庄组样品氧化还原参数交会图
a—δU-Ni/Co图; b—δU -V/Cr图; c—Mo- Ni/Co图; d—Mo- V/Cr图
Figure 8. Rendezvous of redox parameters of the Hongshuizhuang Formation samples
a-δU-Ni/CO diagram; b-δU-V/Cr diagram; c-Mo-Ni/CO diagram; d-Mo-V/Cr diagram
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图 9 洪水庄组样品Mo-EF和U-EF协变图
Figure 9. Mo-EF and U-EF covariant diagram of Hongshuizhuang Formation samples
Mo-EF =(U/Al)sample /(U/Al)PAAS), U-EF=(Mo/Al)sample/ (Mo /Al)PAAS
表 1 华北北部中元古界清河剖面洪水庄组样品微量元素含量(10-6)
Table 1 Contents (10-6) of trace elements in the samples of Hongshuizhuang Formation from Qinghe section of Middle Proterozoic in north China
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 华北北部中元古界清河剖面洪水庄组样品微量元素数据相关计算结果
Table 2 Calculation results of trace element data of Hongshuizhuang Formation from Qinghe section of Middle Proterozoic in northern part of North China
下载: 导出CSV
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