Dating of Early Jurassic volcanic rocks in the Mohe foreland basin of northern Greater Khingan Mountains, northeast China
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摘要:
黑龙江省大兴安岭地区大面积分布的中基性火山岩的时代厘定对研究大兴安岭中生代火山岩带的构造演化及地层划分具有重要意义。本次基于开展的黑龙江省盘古林场幅、布鲁克里河幅1∶5万区域地质矿产调查项目，对该区原划为中—晚侏罗世塔木兰沟组的中基性火山岩进行了系统的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石学、岩石地球化学等方面研究。其中2件粗安岩年龄分别为(185.8±8.1)Ma、(196.8±2.1)Ma，玄武安山岩年龄为(196.3±2.7)Ma，时代为早侏罗世，表明在塔木兰沟组中存在一套早侏罗世中基性火山岩。通过岩石地球化学研究表明，该套中基性火山岩总体属于准铝质，以高钾钙碱性-钙碱性系列为主，显示富集Ba、K、La、Ce、Sr、Zr等大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素，亏损Th、Nb、P、Zr、Ti等高场强元素和重稀土元素特征。认为该套早侏罗世中基性火山岩的形成与蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋板块向额尔古纳地块下的俯冲作用关系密切，构造环境为活动陆缘环境。
Abstract:Intermediate-basic volcanic rocks are largely distributed in Greater Khingan Mountains of Heilongjiang Province, and the determination of their ages is of great significance to understanding the regional tectonic evolution and petrogenesis of the Mesozoic volcanic belt in the Great Xing'an Range. Based on the 1:50000 regional geological and mineral resources survey in the study area, the LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb geochronology, petrology and petrogeochemistry of the intermediate-basic volcanic rocks previously attributed into the Middle-Late Jurassic Tamulangou Formation were systematically studied. Zircon U-Pb dating of the two trachyandesite samples and one basaltic andesite sample yields (185.8±8.1)Ma, (196.8±2.1)Ma and (196.3±2.7)Ma respectively, which indicates that there exists a set of early Jurassic intermediate-basic volcanic rocks in the Tamulangou Formation. These Early Jurassic volcanic rocks belong to metaluminous, mainly high-K calc-alkaline series generally enriched in large ion lithophile elements (such as Ba、K、La、Ce、Sr、Zr) and LREE, but depleted in high field strength elements (such as Th、Nb、P、Zr、Ti) and HREE. Combined with the regional tectonic evolution, it is conclude that the early Jurassic intermediate-basic volcanic rocks were formed in an active continental margin setting related to the southward subduction of the Mongol-Okhotsk oceanic plate beneath the Erguna Massif during the Early Jurassic.
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1. 研究目的（Objective）
尼玛盆地构造上位于班公湖—怒江缝合带中部，是发育在侏罗系—白垩系海相地层之上的古近系陆相裂谷盆地，北接羌塘地块，南邻冈底斯地块，近东西向展布，面积约3000 km2。本次研究目的是初步查明尼玛盆地东部冻土发育特征，调查盆地东部古近系地层层序，获取古近系烃源岩、储盖层等关键评价参数，进一步评价盆地油气资源潜力。
结合新获取的大地电磁测深、地表地质调查及藏尼地1井资料，通过对盆地东部石油地质条件的进一步论证，中国地质调查局油气资源调查中心在盆地东部赛布错坳陷部署实施了藏双地1井，该井的实施对于西藏高原陆相盆地的油气勘探具有重要意义。
2. 研究方法（Methods）
通过资料的收集和重新处理解释，建立了尼玛盆地基础资料数据库，结合之前在尼玛盆地东部发现的油气显示带及最新的大地电磁测深和藏尼地1井资料，优选井位。藏双地1井完钻井深1206.78 m，全井段进行了取心、录井和测井，共有岩心407箱，岩心总长1108.88 m，收获率95.9%。在古近系牛堡组选取烃源岩样品进行地球化学分析测试，通过分析有机质丰度、有机质类型、热演化成熟度来评价烃源岩生烃潜力；使用荧光分析仪对岩石进行荧光分析，主要进行干照和滴照实验，来检测岩石、岩屑中的沥青、烃类等有机物质。
3. 结果（Results）
藏双地1井从上到下钻遇地层依次为第四系+ 新近系—牛堡组三段—牛堡组二段（未穿），气测录井有3处气测异常段，总烃最高为0.159%，岩性为棕红色粉砂岩、灰色细砂岩。含气量解析取样井段527.90~1206.78 m，共取样54个，现场解析在标准大气压下最高含气量为0.213 m3/t；共做浸水试验20个，拍摄视频20个，其中井深744.40 m、752.08 m、767.30 m、774.66 m、797.20 m、832.43 m均有气泡冒出，以井深752.08 m最为明显。
荧光录井井段0~1206.78 m，对全井岩心按设计逐包进行荧光直照、拍照、氯仿浸泡，定级；全井共录取荧光资料421个点，其中井深1024.23~1026.23 m牛二段灰绿色泥岩断面处，可见黑色薄膜状干沥青，具荧光显示，干照下呈黄色、淡黄色，产状为星点状、带状，用氯仿滴照可呈片状；井深1077.46~1077.76 m牛二段见油迹；井深1078.16~1078.76 m牛二段见点状干沥青；井深1078.76~1079.16 m牛二段层理间见油斑；井深1079.16~1080.16 m牛二段顶部断面处见油迹，都具有荧光显示，呈黄色、淡黄色，产状为星点状、带状（图 1）。
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图 1 藏双地1井牛堡组二段录井柱状图及1079.16~1080.16 m油气显示Figure 1. Logging histogram and the oil and gas display in 1079.16-1080.16m of the second member of Niubao formation in Well Zangshuangdi 14. 结论（Conclusions）
（1）藏双地1井全井取心，获得了尼玛盆地东部古近系地层层序、烃源岩及储层等相关参数，分别在牛三段418.43~422.00 m、牛二段890.00~898.00 m及1068.16~1087.00 m发现3处气测异常段，总烃最高为0.159%，现场解析含气量值最大为0.213 m3/t，并在牛二段1077~1080 m处发现不同级别的油气显示，首次实现了尼玛盆地地下油气的重要发现，对盆地下一步的勘探部署具有重要意义。
（2）本井是继藏尼地1井后在西藏尼玛盆地部署实施的第2口地质调查井，通过对藏双地1井的钻井技术攻关，进一步总结出了适合高寒缺氧、地表及地下地质条件复杂的高原钻井施工工艺和设备参数，为下一步在该区钻井施工提供了重要的技术支撑。
尼玛盆地平均海拔近4800 m，由于其高海拔的特殊性，具有高寒缺氧、气候恶劣、生态脆弱等特征，在野外施工过程中与其他地区有着很大的不同，通过藏尼地1井、藏双地1井的钻探，克服了高寒条件下冻土发育钻井技术难题和高原缺氧条件下深井取心难题，基本形成了一套安全、环保、高效的作业技术体系，为高原地区的钻探施工工程积累了丰富的经验。
5. 致谢（Acknowledgement）
感谢李韬、李显亮等同志的交流和启发。
致谢: 感谢黑龙江省地球物理地球化学勘查院张树岐等为本文提供资料；同时感谢匿名审稿人和编辑部老师在成稿过程中提出的宝贵意见。 -
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图 1 中国东北大地构造略图(a)、大兴安岭地区构造分区图(b)和研究区地质简图(c)(a, b据刘晨等, 2017)
1—第四系沉积物；2—新生代火山岩；3—中生代火山岩；4—古生代火山岩；5—前寒武纪火山岩；6—燕山期花岗岩；7—印支期花岗岩；8—海西期花岗岩；9—加里东期花岗岩；10—断裂或缝合带；11—国界线；12—下白垩统光华组；13—下侏罗统塔木兰沟组；14—上侏罗统秀峰组；15—早白垩世次火山岩；16—采样位置及年龄
Figure 1. Tectonic subdivisions of northeast China(a)、tectonic map of Greater Khingan (b) and simplified geological map of the study area (c)(a, b modified from Liu Chen et al., 2017)
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图 2 研究区塔木兰沟组火山岩镜下显微照片
a、b—玄武岩；c—玄武安山岩；d—粗安岩；Pl—斜长石；Hbl—角闪石；Cpx—单斜辉石
Figure 2. Microphotographs of the volcanic rocks from the Tamulangou Formation in the study area
a, b-basalt; c-Basaltic andesite; d-Trachyandesite; Pl-Plagioclase; Hbl-Hornblende; Cpx-Clinopyroxene
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图 3 粗安岩锆石阴极发光图像(a、c)及锆石U-Pb同位素年龄谐和图(b、d)
Figure 3. CL images (a, c) and Zircon U-Pb concordia diagram (b, d) of the trachyandesite in the study area
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图 4 玄武安山岩(D0007)锆石阴极发光图像(a)及锆石U-Pb同位素年龄谐和图(b)
Figure 4. CL images (a) and Zircon U-Pb concordia diagram of the basalt andesite (D0007) in the study area
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图 5 塔木兰沟组火山岩TAS岩石化学图解(a)、K2O-SiO2图解(b)、K2O-Na2O图解(c)和A/NK-A/CNK图解(d)(据Peccerillo & Taylor, 1976)
Figure 5. Diagrams of TAS (a)、K2O-SiO2 (b)、K2O-Na2O (c) and A/NK-A/CNK (d) of volcanic rocks in the Tamulangou Formation(after Peccerillo & Taylor, 1976)
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图 6 塔木兰沟组火山岩稀土微量配分图(球粒陨石和原始地幔标准化值据Sun & McDonough, 1989)
Figure 6. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns and primitive mantle-normalized trace element patterns of the Tamulangou Formation volcanic rocks (Chondrite and primitive mantle values referring to Sun & McDonough, 1989)
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图 7 塔木兰沟组火山岩构造环境判别图Rb-(Y+Nb)图解(a)、Ta-Yb图解(b)、Th/Yb-Ta/Yb图解(c)和Th/Yb-Sr/Nd图解(据Pearce et al., 1984；Labanieh et al., 2012)
CA—钙碱性系列；SHO—橄榄玄武质；TH—拉班系列；E—MORB-富集大洋玄武岩；N-MORB—正常大洋玄武岩；OIB—洋岛玄武岩；PM—原始地幔
Figure 7. Rb-(Y+Nb) (a)、Ta-Yb(b)、Th/Yb-Ta/Yb (c) and Th/Yb-Sr/Nd (d) diagram showing discrimination of tectonic environment of the Tamulangou Formation volcanic rocks(after Pearce et al., 1984; Labanieh et al., 2012)
CA-Calc-alkaline; SHO-Shoshonitic basalt; TH-Tholeiitic; E-MORB-Enriched mid ocean ridge basalt; N-MORB-Normal mid ocean ridge basalt; OIB-Ocean island basalt; PM-Primitive Mantle
表 1 粗安岩锆石U-Pb同位素LA-ICP-MS测试结果(D0001)
Table 1 LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating results of zircons from the trachyandesite in the study area (D0001)
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 玄武安山岩锆石U-Pb同位素LA-ICP-MS测试结果(D0007)
Table 2 LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating results of zircons from the basalt andesite in the study area (D0007)
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 粗安岩锆石U-Pb同位素LA-ICP-MS测试结果(D6395)
Table 3 LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating results of zircons from the trachyandesite in the study area (D6395)
下载: 导出CSV
表 4 塔木兰头组火山岩主量元素分析结果表(%)
Table 4 Major element compositions of the Tamulangou Formation volcanic rocks(%)
下载: 导出CSV
表 5 塔木兰沟组火山岩微量元素分析结果表(K元素含量/10-2，其他元素含量/10-6)
Table 5 Trace element compositions of the Tamulangou Formation volcanic rocks
下载: 导出CSV
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