Quaternary activity of the Fengtai-Yejituo fault in Tangshan, Hebei Province: Evidence from 14C and magnetic stratigraphy
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摘要:
丰台—野鸡坨断裂为唐山地区主要断裂之一，西侧为鸦鸿桥凹陷，东侧为唐山凸起，断裂两侧第四系厚度之差巨大。本文依据该断层两侧钻孔对其第四纪以来活动性进行初步的探讨。通过对丰台—野鸡坨断裂上下两盘PZK14和PZK20孔磁性地层学研究，并结合钻孔岩石地层，及浅部光释光和14C测年结果，建立第四纪地层格架。结果表明：两孔底部“泥包砾”为新近纪沉积；PZK14孔下更新统底界埋深为387 m，中更新统底界埋深为114 m，上更新统底界埋深为71 m，全新统底界埋深为6 m；PZK20孔下更新统底界埋深为155 m，中更新统底界埋深为73 m，上更新统底界为36 m，无全新世地层。丰台—野鸡坨断裂活动在早更新世时表现为逐渐增强的特点，活动速率由早期的5.4 cm/ka增加到13.9 cm/ka。中更新世断裂活动基本处于停滞状态，活动速率为1.0 cm/ka。晚更新世以后，断裂重新活动，且更加剧烈，活动速率达到了54.5 cm/ka。
Abstract:The Fengtai-Yejituo fault is one of the major faults in the Tangshan area. Its west side is Yahongqiao sag, while its east side is Tangshan rise. There is an obvious difference in the thickness of the Quaternary strata between both sides of the fault. Based on the boreholes on both sides of the fault, this paper makes a preliminary study on its activity since the Quaternary period. Combined with drilling information, the composition of rocks, and the results of the optically stimulated luminescence(OSL) and 14C dating, the Quaternary stratigraphic framework was established according to the magnetic stratigraphy of the boreholes PZK14 and PZK20 which are hanging on the upper and lower plates of the Fengtai-Yejituo fault. The results show that the "boulder-clay layer" at the bottom of the two holes was Neogene sediments. The borehole PZK14 revealed that the buried bottom boundary depth of the Lower Pleistocene, the Middle Pleistocene, the Upper Pleistocene and the Holocene was 387 m, 114 m, 71 m and 6 m, respectively. The borehole PZK20 showed that the buried bottom depth of the Lower Pleistocene, the Middle Pleistocene and the Upper Pleistocene sediments was 155 m, 73 m and 36m respectively, without the Holocene sediments. The activity of Fengtai-Yejituo fault gradually enhanced in the early Pleistocene and its activity rate increased from the early 5.4 cm/ka to 13.9 cm/ka. In the Middle Pleistocene, its activity is basically in a state of stagnation, with an activity rate of 1.0 cm/ka. After the Late Pleistocene, it was reactivated and became more intense active, with activity rate of 54.5 cm/ka.
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1. 研究目的（Objective）
松科二井，获取了从基底—火石岭组—沙河子组—营城组—登娄库组下部连续完整的原位岩心。本文对松科二井沙河子组上部的孢粉化石进行研究，为研究白垩纪地球温室气候和环境变化，建立服务“百年大庆”目标和基础地质研究的“金柱子”提供基础资料。
2. 研究方法（Methods）
孢粉样品采自松科二井3395.46~3901.35 m，岩性为黑色、灰黑色泥岩、粉砂质泥岩，层位为沙河子组上部。孢粉分析鉴定在吉林大学古生物学与地层学研究中心完成，具体过程为：每个样品取过筛的干样50 g，进行盐酸→氢氟酸→氢氧化钾→盐酸→硝酸→氢氧化钾→盐酸等分析处理，用筛选法将样品中的孢粉化石集中在试管中，制2个固定片在生物显微镜下鉴定。
3. 研究结果（Results）
依据松科二井3395.46~3901.35 m井段的孢粉化石演化特征，划分出两个孢粉组合。
（1）Leiotriletes sp.- Cyathidites australis - Chasmatosporites sp.组合（简称LCC组合），分布在3832.94~3901.35m井段。蕨类孢子占绝对优势，裸子类花粉较低，未见被子类花粉。蕨类孢子含量最高的是Cyathidites australis，其次是Leiotriletes sp.和Cyclogranisporites sp.，有时代意义的还有Cicatricosisporites exilis、C. minutaestriatus、C. splendidus、C.australiensis、Klukisporites sp.、Maculatisporites sp.、Triporoletes singularis、Trilobosporites tribotrys、Aequitriradites sp.和Polycingulatisporites reduncus等；裸子类花粉含量最高的是Chasmatosporites sp.，其次是Psophosphaera sp.，有时代意义的类型有Parvisaccites sp.、Erlianpollis minisculus、Paleoconifersp.、Pseudowalchia sp.和Classopollis sp.等。
（2）Klukisporites triangulus- Aequitriradites sp.- Pristinuspollenites sp.组合（简称KAP组合），分布在3395.46~3613.62 m井段。裸子类花粉百分含量（53.03%~72.13%）较高，其次为蕨类孢子（27.87% ~46.97%），未见到被子类花粉。裸子类花粉中含量最高的是Alisporites parvus，其次是Piceaepollenites sp.，含量较高的类型还有Chasmatosporites sp.、Pinuspollenites divulgatus和P. sp.等，有时代意义的还有Parvisaccites otagoensis、Erlianpollis minisculus、E. mediocris、Jiaohepollis sp.和Classopollis classoides等。蕨类孢子含量最高的是Klukisporites sp.，其次是Leiotriletes sp.和Cyathidites australis，含量较高的类型还有Cyclogranisporites sp.等，有时代意义的有Cicatricosisporites exilis、C.apiteretus、C. australiensis、Klukisporites triangulus、K.variegatus、Pilosisporites scitulus、Impardecispora sp.、Levisporites wulinensis、Triporoletes singularis、Trilobosporites humilis、Aequitriradites sp.和Schizaeoisporites sp.等。
含有早白垩世特有或在早白垩世繁盛的分子：Cicatricosisporites、Klukisporites、Pilosisporites、Maculatisporites、Impardecispora、Levisporites、Triporoletes、Trilobosporites、Aequitriradites、Schizaeoisporites、Polycingulatisporites、Parvisaccites、Paleoconiferus、Erlianpollis、Foveotriletes.和Classopollis等（图 1）。
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图 1 松科二井沙河子组部分孢粉化石（1-Cicatricosisporites exilis，样品号：SK2-375；2. -Cicatricosisporites minutaestriatus，标品号：SK2-385；3-Cicatricosisporites splendidus，标品号：SK2-385；4-Cicatricosisporites australiensis，样品号(sample number)：SK2-375；5-Levisporites wulinensis，样品号(sample number)：SK2-205；6. Aequitriradites sp.，样品号(sample number)：SK2-389; 7-Trilobosporites tribotrys，样品号(sample number)：SK2-389；8- Classopollis classoides，标品号：SK2-97；9-Erlianpollis minisculus，样品号(number)：SK2-395; 10. Parvisaccites sp.，样品号：SK2-395；11. Pilosisporites scitulus，标品号：SK2-201；12-Triporoletes asper，标品号(specimen number)：SK2-219；13. Foveotriletes subtriangulularis，样品号：SK2-219；14-Klukisporites triangulus，样品号(sample number)：SK2-205；15-Impardecispora sp.，样品号：SK2-201; 16-Schizaeoisporites polaris，样品号：SK2-173；17-Polycingulatisporites reduncus，标品号：SK2-395；18-Maculatisporites sp.，样品号：SK2-391。19-Chasmatosporites sp.，样品号：SK2-389; 20-Paleoconiferae sp.，样品号(sample number)：SK2-391;线段比例尺为10 μm, the scale of the line segment is 10 μm）Figure 1. Spores and pollen from the Lower Cretaceous Shahezi Formation in Well SK2上述2个孢粉组合分布在，属沙河子组上部，LCC组合蕨类孢子百分含量占绝对优势，裸子类花粉较少，从组合特点来看，可以与高瑞琪等人建立的沙河子组上部Granulatisporites-Lophotriletes-Cicatricosisporites组合大致对比，但上部的KAP组合层位显然高于高瑞琪等人建立的孢粉组合。与高瑞琪等人建立的孢粉组合相比，当前孢粉组合出现的有时代意义的孢粉类型更多且时代更新。
4. 结论（Conclusions）
两个孢粉组合海金砂科孢子繁盛，类型多样化，没有发现早期被子植物花粉；虽在蕨类孢子与裸子类花粉的百分含量及属种构成上明显不同，但出现的有时代意义的化石类型基本相同，其时代均为早白垩世早期。
5. 致谢（Acknowledgement）
本文为国家自然科学基金项目（41790451)和中国地质调查局项目（DD20190097）共同资助。孢粉化石由张淑琴研究员鉴定。
致谢: 感谢天津市地质调查研究院王家兵、河北省地质调查院肖文暹和中国地质调查局天津地质调查中心袁桂邦三位教授级高级工程师在野外工作给予的帮助；感谢中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所古地磁实验室邓成龙研究员在古地磁实验中提供的帮助。 -
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图 1 研究区构造地貌图
1—断裂位置及编号；2—钻孔位置及编号；3—山区与平原分界线；4—山区；5—新生界等深线
Figure 1. Tectonic landform map of the study area
1-Fault location and its number; 2-Drill hole position and its number; 3-Boundary between mountainous and plain; 4-Mountainous area; 5-Cenozoic isobaths
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图 4 唐山地区PZK14和PZK20钻孔代表样品混合退磁和热退磁正交矢量投影图
圆形和正方形分别代表垂直和水平投影；图中数字表示退磁温度(℃)和交变磁场强度(mT)；NRM为天然剩磁
Figure 4. Orthogonal vector plots showing the results of mixed thermal demagnetization of representative specimens from boreholes PZK14 and PZK20, Tangshan area.
Circles and aquares correspond to projections on the vertical and horizontal planes, respectively; the numbers refer to the temperatures in ℃ and alternating field in mT; NRM is the natural remanent magnetization
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图 5 PZK14钻孔和PZK20钻孔磁性地层与标准极性柱对比图
Figure 5. Comparison of magnetostraphy of the boreholes PZK14 and PZK20 with standard polarity zones
表 1 PZK14钻孔14C样品信息及测年数据统计
Table 1 statistics of information and dating data of the 14C specimens in Borebole PZK14
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 PZK14和PZK20钻孔光释光样品信息及测年数据统计
Table 2 statistics of information and dating data of the O.S.L specimens in boreboles PZK14 and PZK20
下载: 导出CSV
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