The feature and forming mechanism of wood-like stone in Qingshuihe of Inner Mongolia, China
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摘要:
内蒙古呼和浩特南部的“木纹石”为碳酸盐岩，其质地细腻致密，具有木纹般纹饰，由红色环带及黄色环带构成。本文在野外调研的基础上，针对岩石及其红色和黄色环带进行了矿物学、岩石地球化学分析，并利用扫描电镜对元素的分布进行测试。研究表明，木纹石由中—细晶白云石组成，胶结物以泥质绢云母、钾长石和黏土矿物为主，含少量稀土矿物、钛铁矿、黄铁矿和褐铁矿等金属矿物。岩石化学和地球化学分析发现，红色环带较黄色环带富Al2O3、K2O、Fe2O3、Sr，特别是Fe元素，以线扫描中Fe的计数频率（cps）350作为标准可以很好的区分红黄条带。据Yb/（Ca+Mg）-Yb/La图解分析显示出岩石受热水活动迹象，表明海相碳酸盐岩在成岩后期演化过程中，地下（热）水沿裂隙进行渗透淋滤，由于温度差异，Fe氧化程度差异，致色因素三价Fe含量不同，使得岩石具有红-黄相间条纹特征，形成以裂隙为边界状如树木纹饰的环形环带。
Abstract:Wood grown rings,named as wood-like stone,are developed in carbonatites in Hohhot,Inner Mongolia. The wood-like stone,looking like wood grown rings,is very fine grained,smooth surface with red and pale yellow ring surroundings. Based on field investigation,the mineralogy and petro-geochemistry of the wood-like stone were studied for colorful rings,and the distribution of elements was tested by SEM. The results indicate that the wood-like stone consists of mediate to fine grained dolomite with argillaceous cement. The cement is mainly composed of sericite,K-feldspar,clay minerals and a few ilmenite,pyrite,limonite and REE minerals. Chemically,Al2O3,K2O and Fe2O3 are richer in red ring than that in pale yellow one. Especially for the Fe element,the cps of Fe about 350 in the line scan can be used as the standard to distinguish the stripes of different colors. According to the graphical analysis of Yb/(Ca+Mg)-Yb/La,the rocks show signs of hot water activity. It is indicated that the marine carbonatite was infiltrated by hot fluids flowing through fractures after deposition. Due to the difference of temperature,Fe oxidation difference and the different content of trivalent Fe resulted in red-yellow stripe,forming the ring belt with cracks as the boundary like the tree ornamentation.
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Keywords:
- wood-like stone /
- dolomite /
- rings /
- origin /
- geological survey engineering /
- Inner Mongolia
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致谢: 本论文在野外调研过程中得到了清河县国土资源局的帮助和指导，测试分析过程中得到了中国地质大学地质研究院电子探针室、天津地质矿产研究所、核工业研究所有关老师的帮助，测试分析和数据处理过程中得到了董朋生、孙转荣、李华伟等的帮助和指导，匿名审稿老师的审稿意见也使作者收益匪浅，在此一并表示感谢。
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图 1 研究区位置（a）及内蒙古清水河县侯家圪洞一带地质图（b）
Q4al—冲击沙土，沙砾石层；Q3—淡黄色黄土夹钙质结核层；C2t—太原组；C2b—本溪组；O1—冶里组和亮甲山组并层；
Figure 1. Location of the study area (a) and geological map of Houjiadedong, Qingshuihe County of Inner Mongolia (b)
Q4al-Shock sand, gravel laye; Q3-Light yellow loess with calcareous nodules; C2t-Taiyuan Formation; C2b-Benxi Formation; O1-Yeli Formation and Liangjiashan Formation;
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图 2 内蒙古清水河木纹石宏观及显微镜下特征
a、b—木纹石野外照片，木纹形态受裂隙限制；c、d、e—木纹理在手标本和显微镜下特征；f—中-细晶自形白云石
Figure 2. Macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of wood-like stone from Qingshuihe, Inner Mongolia
a, b- Wood-like stone outdoor photos: Wood grain form is limited by cracks; c, e-Wood texture under hand specimen and microscope; f-Photo of medium-fine crystal self-formed dolomite
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图 4 内蒙古清水河木纹石红-黄条带显微镜下胶结物特征（a为黄色条带，b为红色条带）
Figure 4. Red-yellow band cements of wood-like stone under microscope (a-yellow band, b-red band)
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图 5 清水河地区木纹石微量元素蛛网图(a)、球粒陨石标准化稀土分布模式(b)及北美页岩标准化蛛网图(c)
Figure 5. Spider diagram of trace elements of wood-like stone from Qingshuihe area (a), normalized REE distribution pattern of chondrite (b) and normalized REE distribution pattern of North American shale (c)
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图 7 木纹石不同条带中Sr元素含量图
Figure 7. Sr element content in different bands of wood-like stone
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图 8 木纹石红-黄带线扫描数据
Si、Fe、Ca线扫结果，红色区域为红色条带，红线为划定的标准线
Figure 8. Si, Fe, Ca line scan data of wood-like stone red-yellow band
red area-red band, red line-demarcated standard line
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图 9 Yb/La-Yb/(Ca+Mg)图解（底图肖荣阁等，2003）
Figure 9. Yb/La-Yb/(Ca+Mg) diagram(base map after Xiao Rongge et al., 2003)
表 1 内蒙古清水河木纹石主量元素含量(%)与微量元素(10-6)分析结果
Table 1 Analysis results of main element content (%) and trace element (10-6) of Qingshuihe wood-like stone in Inner Mongolia
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