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摘要:
本文在梳理流域地下水资源评价现状及历史的基础上，讨论了水资源评价方法和分区原则，将珠江流域划分为129个四级地下水系统，以地下水系统为评价单元，在充分考虑不同水文地质参数的基础上，分析评价地下水资源量及存在的问题，讨论珠江流域三级阶地不同水流运动特征，阐述了评价的精度以及水利工程对地下水循环的影响。通过本次评价，珠江流域地下水天然资源量1374.16亿m3，可开采量为578.7亿m3，开发利用率仅10.01%。珠江流域跨度较大，水动力特征迥异：上游云贵高原深切峡谷区、中游桂中峰丛洼地区、下游冲洪积平原区，据不完全统计，珠江流域蓄水量大于100万m3的水库32座，水利工程的修建以及水库对水资源调蓄和分配给地下水资源评价带来一定困难，不同部委对地表水和地下水概念上的分歧导致二者间流域边界不一致以及流域水资源评价结果的差异，为此提出了解决问题的建议，以期为地下水开发利用与治理保护服务。
Abstract:On the basis of the current situation and history of groundwater resources evaluation in the Pearl River Basin, the water resources evaluation methods and zoning principles were discussed, and 129 four level groundwater systems are divided. Taking the groundwater system as the evaluation unit, based on the full consideration of different hydrogeological parameters, this paper analyzes and evaluates the amount of groundwater resources and the existing problems, discusses the characteristics of different flow movement in the three terraces of the Pearl River Basin, and expounds the accuracy of the evaluation and the influence of water conservancy projects on groundwater circulation. Through this evaluation, the natural groundwater resources in the Pearl River Basin are 137.416 billion m3, the exploitable amount is 57.87 billion m3, and the development and utilization rate is only 9.8%. The Pearl River Basin has a large span, and its hydrodynamic characteristics are quite different, characterized by the deep valley area in the upper reaches of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, the peak cluster depression area in the middle reaches of Guangxi, and the alluvial proluvial plain area in the lower reaches. According to incomplete statistics, there are 32 reservoirs in the Pearl River basin with a storage capacity of more than 1 million m3. The construction of water conservancy projects and the regulation and distribution of water resources by reservoirs bring some difficulties to the evaluation of groundwater resources. The main problems are the inconsistency of the basin boundaries between surface water and groundwater caused by the differences in the concepts of surface water and groundwater between different ministries and commissions. Therefore, the countermeasures and methods to solve the problems are put forward, so as to provide reference for the development, utilization, control and protection of groundwater.
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图 1 珠江流域含水岩组类型分布
Figure 1. Types and distribution of aquifer strata in the Pearl River Basin
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图 2 珠江流域干流方向海拔分布
Figure 2. Altitude distribution along the main stream of the Pearl River Basin
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图 3 珠江流域调查评价基础及水文站分布图
Figure 3. Basic survey and distribution map of hydrological stations of the Pearl River Basin
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图 4 柳江站流量、降雨及气温多年平均动态变化曲线
Figure 4. Multi-year average dynamic variation curve of discharge, rainfall and temperature at Liujiang Station
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图 5 云贵高原深切峡谷典型岩溶水动力剖面示意
Figure 5. Hydrodynamic profile of typical karst deep gorge in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau
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图 6 峰丛洼地典型裂隙水动力剖面示意
Figure 6. Hydrodynamic profile of typical fissure water dynamics in peak cluster depression
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图 8 湘江和桂江水系地表水地下水分水岭
Figure 8. Surface water and groundwater watershed of Xiangjiang and Guijiang water systems
表 1 各二级流域地下水资源及开采潜力
Table 1 Groundwater resources and exploitation potential of each secondary basin
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表 2 不同年代各二级流域地下水资源量对比
Table 2 Comparison of groundwater resources of secondary basins in different years
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表 3 珠江流域大型水库蓄水量
Table 3 Water storage capacity of large reservoirs in the Pearl River basin
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