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摘要:
长江经济带发展战略实施以来，长江上、中、下游地区经济快速发展，与此同时，生态系统不可避免受到扰动，长江经济带生态环境状况面临压力，亟需开展长江经济带生态环境质量评价。本文选取2001年和2020年MODIS和Landsat遥感影像计算湿度、绿度、干度、热度4个评价指标，通过主成分分析方法计算遥感生态指数RSEI，对长江经济带11省（市）生态环境现状及变化进行定量分析评价。结果表明长江经济带整体生态环境等级为较优，2001—2020年保持总体向好态势。空间分布上，生态环境优等区域主要分布于武夷山、罗霄山、雪峰山、武陵山、巫山、大巴山、大别山、西双版纳等山地丘陵一带，生态环境较差及差等区域主要分布于大中小城镇等人类聚集地、川西横断山区。时空变化上，生态环境等级下降区域主要集中在长三角太湖周边、江汉平原、洞庭湖周边、安徽西北部、湖南南部及四川盆地等人类聚集地周边，生态环境等级上升区域主要集中在四川盆地大部、重庆山区及三峡库区、贵州大部、云南东南部、安徽中部及北部、江苏北部等地区。
Abstract:Since the implementation of the Yangtze River Economic Zone strategy, the economy of provinces and cities along the Yangtze River has developed rapidly. At the same time of economic growth, the ecosystem has been strongly disturbed. The ecological environment of the Yangtze River Economic Zone is facing a severe challenge, which seriously restricts the sustainable development of the Yangtze River Economic Zone. The MODIS and Landsat remote sensing images in 2001 and 2020 were selected as the evaluation indexes of humidity, greenness, dryness and heat to calculate the Remote Sensing Ecological Index (RSEI) by means of principal component analysis method, and finally to quantitatively analyze and evaluate the ecological environment status and changes of 11 provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Zone. The results show that the overall ecological environment grade of the Yangtze River economic zone is optimal, and especially it maintained the overall stable and slightly better trend from 2001 to 2020. The optima ecological environment regions are mainly distributed in Wuyi Mountain, Luoxiao Mountain, Xuefeng Mountain, Wuling Mountain, Wushan Mountain, Dabie Mountain, Xishuangbanna and other areas, while the poor and poor ecological environment regions are mainly distributed in large, medium and small towns, Hengduan Mountain Area in Western Sichuan. The eco-environment grade declining areas are mainly concentrated in the Yangtze River Delta, Taihu Lake, Jianghan Plain, Dongting Lake, Northwest Anhui, southern Hunan and Sichuan Basin. While, the eco-environment grade rising areas are mainly concentrated in most of Sichuan Basin, Chongqing mountain area and Three Gorges Reservoir area, most of Guizhou, Southeast Yunnan, central and Northern Anhui and Northern Jiangsu.
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1. 研究目的（Objective）
甘肃省高台县大青山地区地处阿拉善地块龙首山基底杂岩带，位于酒东盆地马营凹陷东段山前沉积盆地北缘（图 1a）。区内主要出露有古元古界—新太古界龙首山岩群、中元古界蓟县系墩子沟群、海西期侵入岩、侏罗系龙凤山组和白垩系庙沟组（图 1b）。
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图 1 甘肃省高台县大青山地区大地构造位置图（a）、区域地质图（b）以及ZK1201岩性柱状图（c），含油气岩心照片（d-g）和油气成藏模式图（h）Figure 1. Tectonic location (a), regional geological map(b), lithology column(c) and drill photos of ZK1201 (d-g), hydrocarbon accumulation pattern (h) in the Daqingshan area of Gaotai County, Gansu Province为实现研究区金属资源和油气资源的综合调查，中国地质调查局发展研究中心联合甘肃省地调院、探矿工程所、吉林大学在前期“甘肃省高台县臭泥墩—西小口子地区三幅1∶5万矿产远景调查”项目基础上，通过开展专题地质填图、矿产综合信息预测、智能找矿预测等工作，部署实施钻孔ZK1201，以期实现找矿突破。
2. 研究方法（Methods）
利用研究区地质调查、磁法、激电测深、化探数据和无人机影像等资料，开展综合信息解译。采用卷积和孪生网络神经网络模型对区内典型金属矿床成矿作用特征标志、油气赋矿层位进行深度学习，提出工程验证建议。钻探验证所采用钻机为汽车钻，整机包括车底盘、动力系统、液压系统、操控系统等。
3. 结果（Results）
在综合研究和智能预测的基础上，布设的ZK1201孔在钻穿早二叠世花岗闪长岩（图 1c）后，钻遇地层，续钻至393.8 m后终孔（图 1c）。此次工作共钻遇中侏罗统龙凤山组地层220 m，共发现14层油层（总厚145 m，单层最大厚度28 m，最小厚度1.4 m）。钻孔含油性由上部砾岩（油斑级以下）向下部砂岩（富含油或饱含油）逐渐增多，其中高角度裂缝普遍见可流动原油（图 1d~g）。经国家地质实验测试中心分析，原油中饱和烃、芳烃含量分别占32.4%和34.6%，为高品质轻质原油。原油中正构烷烃分布完整，主峰碳数、奇偶优势及甾烷和藿烷分布都指示其陆相烃源岩来源。
野外地质调查发现，白垩系庙沟组近水平发育，与下伏侏罗系龙凤山组呈角度不整合接触。庙沟组主要由厚层暗色泥岩组成，并发育薄层暗色粉砂质泥岩，可能为区域烃源岩层。初步判断成熟的烃源岩排出的油气沿角度不整合运移至侏罗系砂砾岩和砂岩储层后，被逆冲推覆花岗岩体封闭，形成构造-岩性油气藏（图 1h）。
研究发现区域内沉积盆地最南缘边界处在祁连山北缘断裂之下，最北缘处在龙首山断裂的下盘，南北跨度约80 km。区域内沉积地层较厚，其中侏罗系龙凤山组厚约2100 m，白垩系庙沟组厚约900 m，说明研究区具有较大的成藏潜力。此次油气藏的发现，预示着大青山地区具有完整的油气成藏系统，显示出良好油气勘探前景。建议进一步加强油气基础地质调查研究工作。
4. 结论（Conclusions）
（1）在大青山地区花岗岩逆冲推覆体之下的中生代沉积地层中发现原油，所发现的高品质轻质原油，具陆相烃源岩来源特征。
（2）研究区具有良好的油气勘探前景，建议进一步加强油气地质调查研究工作。
5. 致谢（Acknowledgement）
感谢甘肃省地质调查院董国强，北京探矿工程研究所渠洪杰、谭春亮以及国家实验测试中心沈斌在野外工作和样品测试过程中的协助。
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图 5 2020年长江经济带生态环境遥感评估图
Figure 5. Remote sensing assessment map of the ecological environment of the Yangtze River Economic Zone (2020)
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图 6 2001年长江经济带生态环境遥感评估图
Figure 6. The remote sensing assessment map of the ecological environment of the Yangtze River Economic Zone (2001)
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图 7 长江经济带生态环境遥感评估动态变化图（2001—2020年）
Figure 7. Ecological environment dynamic changes of the Yangtze River Economic Zone evaluated by remote sensing(2001-2020)
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图 8 长江经济带生态环境等级变化面积及占比
Figure 8. The area and proportion of changes in the ecological environment of the Yangtze River Economic Zone
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图 9 三峡库区及周边生态环境变化状况（2001—2020年）
Figure 9. Changes in the Ecological Environment of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area and surrounding areas (2001-2020)
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图 11 南京市主城区、莫干山核心区卫星影像（a、c）及区域生态环境质量指数分布（b, d）
Figure 11. Satellite image map (a, c) and ecological environmental quality index map (b, d) of the main urban area of Nanjing and the core area of Mogan Mountain
表 3 2020年长江经济带生态环境遥感评估等级表
Table 3 Remote sensing assessment grade table of the ecological environment of the Yangtze River Economic Zone (2020)
下载: 导出CSV
表 4 2020年长江经济带各省市生态环境统计表
Table 4 Ecological environment statistics of each province and city in the Yangtze River Economic Zone (2020)
下载: 导出CSV
表 5 2001—2020年长江经济带生态环境等级变化及面积占比
Table 5 Changes in the ecological environment grade and area proportion of the Yangtze River Economic Zone from 2001 to 2020
下载: 导出CSV
表 6 2001年和2020年长江经济带各省市平均生态环境指数
Table 6 Average ecological environment index of each province and city in the Yangtze River Economic Zone in 2001 and 2020
下载: 导出CSV
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