Geochemistry, zircon chronology, Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic characteristics and subduction magmatism of Heishidun basic rocks in the East Tianshan
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摘要:
在东天山康古尔塔格南黑石墩一带新发现一套基性岩，岩性以辉长岩和橄榄辉长岩为主，岩石具有相对较低SiO2（47.59%~50.79%）、富Na2O（2.72%~4.42%）贫K2O（0.26%~1.15%），低MgO（3.94%~12.55%），中等Mg#（47.6~66.64），高Al2O3（14.75%~19.65%），相对富集轻稀土（（La/Yb）N1.83~2.12），Eu弱正异常（1.00~1.25），富集LILE（Ba、U、Sr），亏损HFS（Ta、Nb、Th和Ti），并强烈富集Pb。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄（（342.6±3.2）Ma）表明该基性岩属于早石炭世岩浆活动的产物。岩石具有较低的（87Sr/86Sr）i（0.703421~0.704551），正的εNd（t）（7.6~8.1）和εHf（t）（9.82~13.74）。地球化学特征和岩相学显示其来自亏损的岩石圈地幔源区，且源区在较低程度的部分熔融前受到俯冲板片中富含大离子亲石和轻稀土元素的海洋沉积物在俯冲过程中脱水熔融形成流体的交代作用影响，原始岩浆在侵位过程中发生程度不同的橄榄石、辉石和斜长石分离结晶作用，侵位过程中受到地壳物质混染的程度非常低。构造和动力学背景研究表明，黑石墩基性岩为北天山洋在早石炭世沿康古尔塔格—黄山大断裂向北俯冲阶段的产物。
Abstract:A new set of basic rocks was discovered in the Heishidun in South Kangurtag, Eastern Tianshan. Its lithology mainly consists of gabbro and olive gabbro. The rocks are characterized by relatively low contents of SiO2 (47.59%-50.79%), K2O (0.26%-1.15%) and MgO (3.94%-12.55%), high contents of Na2O (2.72% -4.42%) and Al2O3 (14.75% -19.65%), and moderate content of Mg# (47.6-66.64). Light rare earth is enriched ((La/Yb)N of 1.83-2.12) with a bit of Eu positive anomaly (1.00-1.25). LILE (Ba, U, Sr) is enriched, while HFS (Ta, Nb, Th, and Ti) is depleted, and Pb is strongly enriched. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating yields 342.6±3.2 Ma, indicating that this basic rock is a product of Early Carboniferous magmatic activity. Rocks have lower Sr ratio (87Sr/86Sr)i (0.703421-0.704551), positive εNd (t) (7.6-8.1) and εHf (t) (9.82-13.74). Geochemical characteristics and petrography show that it is originated from the lithospheric mantle source of the loss, and the source area was affected by the metamorphism of the dehydration and melting fluids resulted from the subduction of marine sediments rich in large ionic lithophile and light rare earth elements. The separation and crystallization of olivine, pyroxene and plagioclase took place during the emplacement of magma, the degree of contamination by the crustal material during the emplacement was very low. The structural and dynamic background shows that the Heishidun basic rock is the product of the Northern Tianshan Ocean's northward subduction along the Kangugtag-Huangshan fault in the Early Carboniferous.
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图 2 黑石墩基性岩代表性岩石类型的显微照片
a—辉长岩；b—橄榄辉长岩；Pl—斜长石; Aug—普通辉石; Ol—橄榄石; Srp—蛇纹石
Figure 2. Microphotographs of the representative rocks in the Heishidun basic intrusive
a-Gabbro; b-Olivine gabbro; Pl-Plagioclase; Aug-Augite; Ol-Olivine; Srp-Serpentine
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图 3 黑石墩基性岩TAS图解（a）和SiO2-K2O图解（b）
Figure 3. TAS(a) and SiO2 vs. K2O (b)diagram of the Heishidun basic intrusive
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图 4 黑石墩基性岩哈克图解（除εNd(t)值外，其他单位均为%）
Figure 4. Harker diagrams of the Heishidun basic rocks(All the other units are % except the εNd(t) value)
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图 5 黑石墩基性岩稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分曲线（a）和微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图（b）(据Sun and McDonough, 1989)
Figure 5. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns(a)and Primitive mantle-normalized spidergrams(b)of Heishidun basic rocks(after Sun and McDonough, 1989)
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图 6 黑石墩辉长岩锆石阴极发光图像及测点点号图（a）和U-Pb谐和图（b）
Figure 6. CL images and test point number (a) and U-Pb concordia plots(b) of zircons from Heishidun gabbro
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图 7 黑石墩基性岩MgO-Co图解（a）和MgO-Ni图解（b）
Figure 7. MgO-Co diagram(a) and MgO-Ni diagram(b)of the Heishidun basic rocks
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图 8 黑石墩基性岩Sm/Yb-Sm相关图解
熔融曲线为尖晶石二辉橄榄岩(模式及熔体模式: ol 0.530+opx 0.270+cpx 0.170+spo.030 and ol 0.060+opx 0.280+ cpx 0.670+sp 0.110)(据Kinzler，1997)和石榴子石二辉橄榄岩(模式及熔体模式: ol 0.600+opx 0.200+cpx 0.100+gt 0.100 and ol 0.030+opx 0.160+cpx0.880+gt 0.090)(据Walter，1998); 矿物/基质分配系数以及DMM引自Mc Kenzie and O'Nions(1991, 1995); PM，N-MORB和E-MORB组成引自Sun and Mc Donough(1989); 每条曲线上的数字对应于给定地幔源区的部分熔融程度
Figure 8. Sm/Yb vs.Sm diagram of the Heishidun basic rocks
Melt curves are drawn for spinel-lherzolite(with mode and melt mode of ol 0.530 + opx 0.270 + cpx 0.170 + sp 0.030 and ol 0.060+opx0.280+cpx0.670+ sp 0.110, respectively; after Kinzler, 1997) and for garnet-lherzolite(with mode and melt mode of ol 0.600+opx 0.200+cpx0.100+gt 0.100and ol 0.030+opx0.160+cpx 0.880+gt 0.090, respectively; after Walter, 1998); Mineral/matrix partition coefficients and DMM arefrom the compilation of Mc Kenzie and O'Nions(1991, 1995); PM, N-MORB and E-MORB compositions are from Sun and Mc Donough(1989); Tickmarks on each curve(or line)correspond to degrees of partial melting for a given mantle source
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图 9 黑石墩基性岩(87Sr/86Sr)i-εNd(t)图解
其中数字表示地壳物质参与的比例，计算采用的参数Nd(10-6)、εNd(t)、Sr(10-6)和(87Sr/86Sr)i值如下: 软流圈地幔(DM)分别为1.2、+8、20和0.703;玄武岩分别为15、+8、200和0.704; 上地壳(UCC)分别为30、-12、250和0.740(据Jahn et al., 1999); 下地壳(LCC)分别为20、-15、230和0.708(据Wu et al., 2000)
Figure 9. (87Sr/86Sr)ivs. εNd(t)diagram of the Heishidun basic rocks
The numbers indicate the percentages of participation of the crustal materials. The calculated parameters of Nd(10-6), εNd(t), Sr(10-6) and(87Sr/86Sr)iare1.2、+8、20、and 0.703 for asthenospheric mantle(DM); 15、+8、200and 0.704 for basalt; 30、-12、250and 0. 740 for upper continental crust(UCC) (after Jahn et al., 1999); 20、-15、230、0.708 for lower continental crust(LCC). All data derive from Wu et al. (2000a)
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图 10 主量及微量元素构造环境判别图解(a, 据Meschede, 1986;b, 据Pearce and Cann, 1973;c, 据Mullen, 1983;d, 据Wood et al., 1979)
Figure 10. Tectonic discriminative diagrams by major-and trace-elements (a, after Meschede, 1986;b, after Pearce and Cann, 1973;c, after Mullen, 1983;d, after Wood et al., 1979)
表 1 黑石墩基性岩岩石地球化学数据（含量单位: 主量元素为%, 微量元素为10-6）
Table 1 Major elements (%) and trace elements(10-6)data of the Heishidun basic rocks
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表 2 黑石墩辉长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素数据
Table 2 LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating results of Heishidun gabbro
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表 4 黑石墩基性岩的全岩Sr-Nd同位素组成
Table 4 Whole-rock Sr-Nd isotopic compositions of Heishidun basic rocks
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