Mineralogical characteristics of gold-bearing pyrite and gold occurrence regularity of the Jiadi gold deposit in southwestern Guizhou Province
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摘要:
黔西南地区是中国卡林型金矿的主要产地之一，架底金矿作为黔西南地区近年来在玄武岩中新发现的卡林型金矿床，其金的赋存状态一直备受关注。前人研究表明，含砷黄铁矿是架底金矿的主要载金矿物，然而对架底金矿载金黄铁矿以及金的赋存规律一直缺乏深入的研究。文章结合野外实际调研以及室内显微岩相观察研究，首先对矿区黄铁矿进行了期次的划分；然后利用电子探针微区成分分析方法对不同期次的黄铁矿进行研究，结果显示：架底金矿的黄铁矿中，S、As具有明显的负相关性，Au、As存在一定的相关关系，成矿前黄铁矿与成矿期、成矿后的黄铁矿核部具高S、Fe，低As、Au等相似的特征，成矿期黄铁矿的环带具高As、Au的特征，与成矿后的环带（高As不含Au）相比较具明显差异，两者属于不同的热液事件。据此判断矿区载金黄铁矿的结晶顺序为：草莓状低砷无环带黄铁矿→含砷环带黄铁矿（含金）以及均质无环带的细粒黄铁矿→高砷环带黄铁矿（不含金）。这一结论对架底金矿找矿勘查工作具有一定的指示意义。
Abstract:Southwestern Guizhou is one of the main producing areas of Carlin-type gold deposits in China. The Jiadi gold deposit is a newly discovered Carlin-type one hosted in basalt in southwestern Guizhou in recent years, and the occurrence state of gold has long been the focus of attention. Previous studies have shown that arsenic-bearing pyrite is the main gold-bearing mineral in the Jiadi gold deposit. However, there has been a lack of in-depth research on the gold-bearing pyrite and the gold occurrence law in the Jiadi gold deposit. Based on the field investigation and indoor microlithographic observation, the pyrites in the mine were divided into different phases first; then, the electronic probe analysis method was used to study the pyrites of different phases. The results show that S and As of pyrite have an obvious negative correlation, and Au and As have a certain positive correlation. Ore-predating pyrite, ore-forming pyrite and post-ore pyrite share similarity of high contents of S, Fe and low contents of As, Au. The ring of the ore-forming pyrite has the characteristics of high As and Au, different that of the post-ore pyrite (high As without Au), indicating that two types of pyrites belong to different hydrothermal events. The crystallization sequence of the gold-bearing pyrite in the mine is summarized as follows: Strawberry-like acyclic pyrite of low-arsenic→arsenic, ringing pyrite (containing gold) and homogeneous apyrite fine-grained pyrite→high-arsenic ring pyrite (without gold). This conclusion has certain directive significance for the prospecting and exploration in the Jiadi gold deposit.
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图 1 莲花山背斜金矿带地质简图（据赵富远等，2018）
Figure 1. Geological map of gold belt in the Lianhua mountain anticline(after Zhao Fuyuan et al., 2018)
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图 2 架底金矿区构造图（据贵州省盘县架底金矿详查工作报告，2018❶）
Figure 2. Structural map of the Jiadi gold mine (after the detailed exploration report of Jiadi Gold deposit, 2018❶)
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图 3 架底金矿区61钻孔勘探线剖面图（据贵州省盘县架底金矿详查报告，2018❶）
1—第四系；2—上二叠统龙潭组；3—上二叠统峨眉山玄武岩三段；4—上二叠统峨眉山玄武岩二段；5—构造蚀变体；6—中二叠统茅口组；7—整合地层界限；8—不整合地层界限；9—层间破碎蚀变带界限；10—构造蚀变体界限；11—矿体编号；12—钻孔；13—夹石；14—终孔孔深；15—低品位金矿体；16—工业金矿体
Figure 3. 61 Profile of exploration line with 61 boreholes (after the detailed exploration report of Jiadi Gold deposit, 2018❶)
1-Quaternary; 2-Upper Permian Longtan Formation; 3-Third member of the Upper Permian Mount Emei Basalt Formation; 4-Second member of the Upper Permian Mount Emei Basalt Formation; 5-Structural alteration body; 6-Middle Permian Maokou Formation; 7-Integrated stratigraphic boundaries; 8-Unconformity stratigraphic boundaries; 9-Interlayer fracture and alteration zone boundaries; 10-Structural alteration body boundaries; 11-Orebody number; 12-Drilling; 13-Bastard; 14-Hole depth; 15-Low-grade gold ore body; 16-High-grade gold ore body
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图 4 架底金矿黄铁矿显微组构特征
a—草莓状黄铁矿（反射光）；b—自形—半自形结构黄铁矿（反射光）；c—环带状含砷黄铁矿（背散射）；d—五角十二面体黄铁矿（反射光）；e—自形粗粒黄铁矿（反射光）；f—不同期次的黄铁矿；g—针状毒砂沿裂隙在黄铁矿周围发育（反射光）；h—热液粗粒方解石晶体（正交偏光）；i—黄铁矿周围发育石英颗粒（正交偏光）
Figure 4. Microstructure characteristics of pyrite in the Jiadi gold deposit
a-Strawberry-like pyrite (reflected light); b-Self-shape-semi-shape structure pyrite (reflected light); c-Ring-band arsenic-containing pyrite(BSE)d-Pentagonal dodecahedron pyrite (reflected light); e-Self-forming coarse-grained pyrite (reflected light); f-Pyrite of different periods; g-Needle-like poisonous sand develops around the pyrite along the fissures (reflected light); h-Hydrothermal coarse-grained calcite crystal (orthogonal polarized light); i-Quartz particles are developed around pyrite (orthogonal polarized light)
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图 6 黄铁矿中As、Au含量关系图（原子百分比，拟合方程据Reich et al., 2005）
Figure 6. Relationship of As and Au content in pyrite (atomic percentage, fitting equation according to Reich et al., 2005)
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图 7 架底金矿黄铁矿中As-S、Au与S、Fe、Zn、Cu、Pb等元素相互关系图
Figure 7. Correlation of elements in pyrite in the Jiadi gold deposit
表 1 架底金矿黄铁矿电子探针成分分析（%）
Table 1 EPMA results of Au-bearing pyrites from the Jiadi gold deposit(%)
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