Re–Os and Ar–Ar dating of the Dahu Au (Mo) deposit in the Xiaoqinling area, West Henan: Constraint on its metallogenetic stages
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摘要:研究目的
位于华北克拉通南缘的东秦岭钼矿带是全球第二大钼矿带，其北缘蕴含有著名的小秦岭造山型金矿田。近年来通过地质调查工程的实施，在小秦岭大湖金（钼）矿区深部发现具有工业意义的钼矿化，并已开始开采钼矿，限定其成矿期次，有助于研究金钼成矿规律。
研究方法本文基于小秦岭地区危机矿山深部找矿工作，研究了金钼深部成矿模式，分析了辉钼矿Re–Os和钾长石40Ar/39Ar同位素定年在划分成矿期次中的作用。
研究结果来自S35矿脉的6件辉钼矿样品Re–Os模式年龄介于（192.3±2.9）~（223.4±3.2）Ma，等时线年龄为（214.9±5.2）Ma（MSWD=0.77），来自F5矿脉中钾长石晶体40Ar/39Ar坪年龄为（95.22±1.16）Ma，其等时线年龄为（95.10±4.57）Ma。
结论辉钼矿年龄代表了印支期钼矿化事件，钾长石年龄反映存在燕山中期新的构造−岩浆−热事件，这期热事件对于金钼矿床的成矿活动可能有积极意义，叠加改造了印支期的钼矿化事件。结合手标本和BSE图像分析结果，认为大湖金（钼）矿区与金钼矿化相关的热事件应不低于两期。
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关键词:
- 钼矿化 /
- Re–Os同位素年龄 /
- 40Ar/39Ar同位素年龄 /
- 印支期 /
- 燕山期 /
- 矿产勘查工程 /
- 大湖金（钼）矿床 /
- 小秦岭 /
- 豫西
创新点:利用矿脉中辉钼矿Re–Os年龄和钾长石Ar–Ar年龄，解决了大湖金(钼)矿床成矿时代的争议，并认为燕山中期的构造−岩浆−热事件叠加改造了印支期的钼矿化事件，有效划分了小秦岭地区成矿期次，为浅部寻金深部探钼的找矿模式提供了年代学证据。
Abstract:This paper is the result of mineral exploration engineering.
ObjectiveThe East Qinling molybdenum belt which located in the North China craton is the second largest Mo belt in the world, among which occur the most famous orogenic gold deposits of the Xiaoqinling. In recent years, through the implementation of geological survey engineering, molybdenum mineralization with industrial significance has been found in the deep of Dahu Au (Mo) deposit from Xiaoqinling area, and molybdenum ore mining has begun. Through the constraint on its metallogenetic stages, it is helpful to study the Au−Mo metallogenic regularity.
MethodsIn this paper, based on the Crisis Mine deep−seated deposits prospecting in Xiaoqinling area, we studied the metallogenic model of deep Au (Mo) deposit, and analyzed the role of molybdenite Re–Os and K–feldspar 40Ar/39Ar isotope dating in the classification of metallogenic stages.
ResultsSix molybdenite samples from the S35 ore vein yield Re–Os isotopic isochron age of (214.9±5.2) Ma (MSWD=0.77), with model ages ranging from (192.3±2.9) Ma to (223.4±3.2) Ma. K–feldspar samples from F5 ore vein yield Ar–Ar weighted plateau age of (95.22±1.16) Ma and the isochron age of (95.10±4.57) Ma.
ConclusionsMolybdenite age suggests that the Mo mineralization in S35 vein occurred in Indosinian period, and K–feldspar age indicates a new tectono–magmatic–thermal event during the Middle Yanshanian, and this hydrothermal event may contribute to metallogenic activity of Au (Mo) deposit, which superimposed the molybdenum mineralization events of Indosinian. Combined with the results of hand samples and BSE images analysis, it is concluded that there are at least two episodes of hydrothermal event related to Au (Mo) mineralization in Dahu Au (Mo) ore district.
Highlights:Using the Re–Os age of molybdenite and the Ar–Ar age of K–feldspar in the ore veins, the dispute about the metallogenic age of the Dahu Au (Mo) deposit is resolved. The superposition of a new tectono–magmatic–thermal event during the Mid–Yanshanian is considered to modify the molybdenum mineralization events of Indosinian, which effectively divides the mineralization stages in the Xiaoqinling area and provides the chronological evidence for the prospecting model of shallow gold and deep molybdenum exploration.
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1. 研究目的（Objective）
湘中坳陷作为南方复杂构造区页岩气勘探的热点地区之一，也是中国油气勘探久攻未克的地区。前期在湘中地区北部的涟源凹陷泥盆系和石炭系获得了页岩气突破和发现，证实了湘中地区上古生界页岩气资源丰富。但对湘中地区南部的邵阳凹陷调查程度较为薄弱，针对邵阳凹陷二叠系仅开展了少量基础地质调查工作，页岩气资源潜力评价方面的工作尤为欠缺。本次研究依托邵阳湘邵地1井（XSD1井）钻探工程建立了邵阳凹陷二叠系地层层序序列，揭示了主要含气页岩层系的分布特征，获取了含气性评价参数，对湘中地区二叠系页岩气勘探开发和重新评价湘中坳陷页岩气资源潜力具有重要的现实意义。
2. 研究方法（Methods）
中国地质调查局武汉地质调查中心在收集分析区域地质相关资料的基础上，结合邵阳凹陷短陂桥向斜的煤田浅钻、非震物探等资料开展页岩气地质综合评价，采用页岩埋深500~4500 m，页岩有机碳含量≥1.0%，页岩厚度≥15 m，页岩有机质热演化程度1.0%~3.5%的评价参数在短陂桥向斜区优选页岩气远景区，论证部署了1口小口径页岩气地质调查井—XSD1井，湖南煤田地质勘查有限公司组织实施钻探（图 1a）。该井采样全井段取心钻井工艺，测井选取PSJ-2数字测井系统，录井采用SK-2000G气测录井，钻获二叠系大隆组156.05 m（暗色硅质页岩、钙质泥岩94.48 m），龙潭组349.95 m（暗色泥岩216.93 m，粉砂质泥岩36.9 m），对这两套层系共采集暗色泥岩样品33件，进行解析气含量测定分析，落实了含气性评价参数。
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图 1 湘邵地1井构造位置图（a）、主要含气层段岩性和含气性参数柱状图（b）、以及富集模式图（c）Figure 1. Structural location of Xiangshaodi 1 well (a), lithology and gas-bearing parameters of main gas bearing zones (b), and enrichment mode (c)3. 结果（Results）
本次样品分析工作由武汉地质调查中心古生物与生命-环境协同演化重点实验室完成，采用YSQ-IIIA岩石解析气测定仪（燃烧法）对含气段岩心共计33件样品进行分析。该井钻获二叠系大隆组厚度156.05 m，为一套硅质岩、硅质页岩、炭质钙质泥岩地层。其中在井深842~930.2 m硅质页岩、钙质泥岩段，气测全烃值从1.06%上升至16.54%，甲烷值从1.01%上升至14.04%，13件大隆组硅质页岩现场解析总含气量为1.29~9.97 m3/t，平均4.85 m3/t。实现了湘中坳陷二叠系页岩气新发现，有效拓展了华南地区大隆组勘探范围。
钻获龙潭组厚度349.95 m，上段为一套细砂岩、粉砂岩夹泥岩潮坪相沉积地层，下段为一套炭质泥岩、粉砂质泥岩夹薄层细砂岩泻湖相沉积地层。在井深1013.4~1048 m泥岩与粉砂岩互层段气测全烃值最高可达19.87%，甲烷值最高为16.94%，7件泥岩与粉砂岩样品现场解析总含气量0.57~3.42 m3/t，平均1.78 m3/t；井深1088.10~1199.75 m泥岩夹泥质粉砂岩含气层111.6 m，气测全烃值最高可达28.2%，甲烷值最高为23.6%，13件泥岩、粉砂质泥岩样品现场解析总含气量0.90~4.55 m3/t，平均2.01 m3/t（图 1b），首次查明了湘中坳陷二叠系龙潭组非常规油气分布特点。
通过区域地质背景分析，并结合煤田区域地质资料，本研究认为滑脱断裂（F9）上下盘具有不同的页岩气聚集条件。滑脱断裂之上由一系列的同向逆断层形成的逆冲推覆体，地层变形强烈，且裂缝发育，导致页岩气保存条件变差。滑脱断裂下盘是页岩气主要富集区，地层平缓，不发育次级通天断裂，与下盘地层形成反向遮挡，易形成封闭，保存条件良好（图 1c）。
4. 结论（Conclusions）
（1）二叠系大隆组岩性以硅质岩、硅质页岩为主，夹少量灰岩。主要含气段存在于上段硅质页岩段，厚88.2 m，含气量平均为4.85 m3/t，含气性优越，资源潜力大。
（2）二叠系龙潭组上段以致密砂岩气为主，含气量平均为1.78 m3/t；下段以页岩气为主，泥岩厚达177.47 m，含气量平均为2.01 m3/t，具有泥岩厚度大，含气性好等特征。
（3）保存条件是页岩气富集关键，构造改造弱的封闭演化环境有利于页岩气保存，研究区滑脱断裂下盘是页岩气主要富集区，易形成封闭，保存条件良好。
（4）湘邵地1井在二叠系大隆组和龙潭组获得良好的页岩气显示，证实了湘中地区二叠系具有良好的页岩气资源潜力，对湘中地区页岩气资源潜力评价具有重要意义。
5. 基金项目（Fund support）
本文为中国地质调查局项目“中扬子地区油气页岩气调查评价”（DD20221659）资助的成果。
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图 1 大湖金（钼）矿床区域地质图（据陈衍景, 2006; Li et al., 2011修改）
a—秦岭造山带的构造格架和小秦岭地体位置；b—小秦岭造山型金（钼）矿床地质和分布特征及大湖矿床的位置
Figure 1. Regional geological map of the Dahu Au (Mo) deposit (modified from Chen Yanjing, 2006; Li et al., 2011)
a–Tectonic framework of the Qinling Orogen and the location of the Xiaoqinling terrane; b–Geological characteristics of orogenic Au (Mo) deposits of the Xiaoqinling and the location of the Dahu deposit
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图 2 大湖金（钼）矿床地质图（据Li et al., 2011修改）
a—500 m标高地质简图，标明着赋矿石英脉的位置和F5、F35、F7断裂带之间的关系；b—A–A’剖面图展示F5断裂带中含金和含钼矿体分布状态
Figure 2. Geological map of the Dahu Au (Mo) deposit (modified from Li et al., 2011)
a–Simplified geological map at the 500 m level, showing the occurrences of ore–bearing quartz veins and their relation to faults such as F5, F7 and S35; b–Cross–section A–A’, showing the distribution of Au– and Mo–dominated orebodies hosted by F5
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图 3 大湖金（钼）矿床岩相学特征
a—团块状辉钼矿分布于石英脉中；b—浸染状辉钼矿分布于钾长石中；c—含松散状钼矿石的石英-黄铁矿石；d—钾化蚀变带内出现薄层的辉钼矿；e—与辉钼矿共生的钾长石；f—辉钼矿集合体分布在钾长石中；Py—黄铁矿；Mo—辉钼矿；Qtz—石英；Kfs—钾长石
Figure 3. Petrography characteristics of the Dahu Au (Mo) deposit
a–Crumbed molybdenite in quartz vein; b–Disseminated molybdenite in K−feldspar; c–Quartz-pyrite ore including loose molybdenum ore; d–Thin layers of molybdenite in the potassic alteration zone; e–K-feldspar overgrowth with molybdenite; f–Molybdenite aggregation in K-feldspar; Py–Pyrite; Mo–Molybdenite; Qtz–Quartz; Kfs–K−feldspar
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图 4 大湖金（钼）矿床辉钼矿187Re–187Os关系图
Figure 4. 187Re–187Os isochron of molybdenite in the Dahu Au (Mo) deposit
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图 5 大湖金（钼）矿床F5-004中钾长石40Ar–39Ar坪年龄及等时线年龄图
Figure 5. 40Ar–39Ar plateau and isochron age diagram of K−feldspar in the F5-004 in the Dahu Au (Mo) deposit
表 1 大湖金（钼）矿床辉钼矿Re–Os同位素测年数据
Table 1 Re–Os isotope data of molybdenites in the Dahu Au (Mo) deposit
原样名 样重/g Re/10−9 C普Os/10−9 187Re/10−9 187Os/10−9 模式年龄/Ma 测值 误差 测值 误差 测值 误差 测值 误差 测值 误差 S35-008 0.07022 1002 8 0.0323 0.0023 629.7 5.3 2.279 0.019 216.9 3.1 S35-007 0.02775 485 5 0.1098 0.0074 305.0 3.4 0.988 0.018 194.2 4.5 S35-008 0.04595 1035 9 0.0426 0.0025 650.3 5.6 2.335 0.022 215.2 3.3 S35-009 0.20069 1111 9 0.1384 0.0020 698.1 5.6 2.604 0.023 223.4 3.2 S35-012 0.03127 905 8 0.0570 0.0079 569.1 5.3 1.827 0.016 192.3 2.9 S35-013 0.08465 1990 16 0.0814 0.0022 1251.1 10.1 4.501 0.036 215.5 3.0 
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表 2 大湖金（钼）矿床钾长石40Ar–39Ar阶段升温年龄分析结果
Table 2 Results of 40Ar–39Ar step-heating dating of K-feldspar in the Dahu Au (Mo) deposit
温度/℃ 40Ar/39Ar 37Ar/39Ar 36Ar/39Ar 40Ar*/39Ark 40Ar*/% 39Ark/% 年龄/Ma(±2σ) 750 45.88686 0.09939 0.14585 2.796694 6.09 0.13 23.7±11.0 840 18.50686 0.03110 0.05433 2.454568 13.26 0.41 20.8±3.7 890 34.22425 0.01072 0.04086 22.150356 64.72 1.91 179.7±2.9 920 46.30595 0.00520 0.04285 33.643726 72.65 3.94 266.4±3.4 950 11.94427 0.03280 0.01887 6.370618 53.33 1.51 53.6±1.3 1040 7.58016 0.01399 0.00315 6.649467 87.72 2.01 55.9±0.5 1080 6.61393 0.00265 0.00062 6.431189 97.24 2.75 54.1±0.5 1110 6.99281 0.00482 0.00066 6.798917 97.23 3.61 57.1±0.5 1130 6.45763 0.00552 0.00094 6.181301 95.72 2.82 52.0±0.5 1140 7.46603 0.00300 0.00074 7.247358 97.07 4.09 60.8±0.5 1160 8.05913 0.00325 0.00096 7.774168 96.46 4.08 65.1±0.5 1170 6.25936 0.00796 0.00066 6.063206 96.87 2.54 51.0±0.4 1190 9.20474 0.00147 0.00134 8.809144 95.70 5.20 73.6±0.6 1210 9.85899 0.00210 0.00141 9.443653 95.79 4.70 78.8±0.6 1230 10.76914 0.00238 0.00155 10.309731 95.73 5.31 85.9±0.6 1250 11.62351 0.00304 0.00172 11.115128 95.63 5.47 92.4±0.8 1280 12.52454 0.00180 0.00179 11.996324 95.78 8.56 99.6±0.9 1310 12.15080 0.00107 0.00176 11.630633 95.72 12.37 96.6±0.9 1340 11.94156 0.00113 0.00171 11.436564 95.77 14.67 95.0±0.8 1370 11.83086 0.00143 0.00166 11.341123 95.86 11.42 94.3±0.9 1400 12.00702 0.00565 0.00186 11.457699 95.42 2.06 95.2±0.7 1450 12.33680 0.03253 0.00302 11.448060 92.79 0.44 95.1±1.4
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