The diagenesis-mineralization-structure coupling relationship of South-Pit skarn thick ore body in the Jiama super large-sized deposit, Tibet
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摘要:
甲玛是西藏冈底斯成矿带规模大、品位富的超大型矿床，也是勘查和研究程度最高的矿床之一。其中，南坑矿段由于富含高品位的矽卡岩型铜铅锌矿石，且具大型规模，已被纳入矿区首采矿段之一，然而关于其控岩控矿机制以及其与主矿段的耦合关系却仍不明确。本次基于详细的钻孔编录和野外地质证据，判定其成矿作用与中新世的花岗闪长斑岩等中酸性斑岩体有关，结合高精度的U-Pb年代学分析，厘定含矿花岗闪长斑岩结晶年龄为（15.5±0.3）Ma，与辉钼矿成矿年龄（15.23±0.22）Ma一致。南坑矿段作为甲玛矿床多中心复合成矿作用模型的重要组成部分，其矽卡岩矿体主要产于林布宗组角岩与多底沟组大理岩之间的层间接触带，属于中新世岩浆热液活动的产物。矿体形成后，受滑覆构造及次级断裂影响，矿体发生错断或破坏。对于南坑矿段后续的勘查评价，应注意与含矿斑岩和矽卡岩的蚀变与矿化分带特征，定位致矿热液中心。
Abstract:The Jiama deposit is one of super large-sized deposits with high grade and one of the most explored and studied deposits in the Gangdese metallogenic belt of Tibet. Because the South-Pit segment host large-sized skarn Cu-Pb-Zn ore bodies with high-grade, it has been given priority to mining. However, its diagenesis, mineralization and the relationship with main segment are still unclear. Based on detailed borehole logging and field geological evidences, it is determined that the mineralization is related to intermediate-felsic porphyries. The high-precision U-Pb dating of ore-bearing granodiorite porphyry yields the age of 15.5±0.3 Ma, which is consistent with the Re-Os age of molybdenite (15.23±0.22Ma). As the important part of Jiama polycentric complex mineralization model, the skarn ore body in South-Pit segment is mainly distributed on the contact between marble and hornfels. The skarn should be the result of Miocene magmatism and destroyed by the slide nappe fault and secondary faults. For the future exploration in South-Pit, more attention should be paid to the study of alteration and mineralization of ore-bearing porphyry and skarn, and to the locating of the ore-related fluid center.
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Keywords:
- Diagenetic age /
- structure /
- South-Pit ore segment /
- mineral exploration engineering /
- Jiama /
- Tibet
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致谢: 中国地质大学（北京）相鹏老师在锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年中给予了很多的帮助, 匿名审稿专家提出了宝贵意见和建议, 中国黄金集团对项目实施给予了大力支持，在此一并致以衷心的感谢。
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图 1 甲玛矿区地质简图(据林彬等, 2019)
1—第四系沉积物；2—下白垩统林布宗组砂岩、板岩、角岩；3—上侏罗统多底沟组灰岩、大理岩；4—矽卡岩化大理岩；5—矽卡岩；6—矽卡岩型矿体；7—花岗斑岩脉；8—花岗闪长斑岩脉；9—石英闪长玢岩脉；10—滑覆构造断裂；11—矿段范围；12—钻孔及编号
Figure 1. Geological map of the Jiama deposit (after Lin Bin et al., 2019)
1-Quaternary sedimentary rocks; 2-Sandstone, slate and hornfels of Linbuzong Formation in lower Cretaceous; 3-Limestone and marble of Duodigou Formation in upper Jurassic; 4-Skarn marble; 5-Skarn; 6-Skarn ore-body; 7-Granite porphyry dikes; 8-Granodiorite porphyry dikes; 9-Quartz-diorite porphyry dikes; 10-Slip fault; 11-Segment of mining; 12-Drilling and number
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图 2 甲玛矿区南坑矿段52号剖面（a）及典型矿化照片（b~d）
b—花岗闪长斑岩；c—花岗闪长斑岩与矽卡岩化大理岩接触带；d—矿化石榴子石矽卡岩
Figure 2. No. 52 section (a) and typical mineralization photos (b~d) in South Pit segment of the Jiama deposit
b-Granodiorite porphyry; c-Contact between granodiorite porphyry and skarn marble; d-Mineralized garnet skarn
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图 3 南坑花岗闪长斑岩典型锆石阴极发光图像和U-Pb年龄
Figure 3. Cathode luminescence (CL) and U-Pb age of granodiorite porphyry in South Pit
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图 4 南坑矿段ZK5204地质和矿化结构特征
Figure 4. Geological and mineralized structures of borehole 5204 in South-Pit
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图 5 南坑矿段典型矿化与构造特征
a—大理岩中产出的黄铜矿-闪锌矿-方铅矿脉；b—花岗闪长斑岩发育黄铜矿-闪锌矿-方铅矿脉；c—矽卡岩矿体中发育构造破碎带；d—矽卡岩氧化破碎并发育蓝铜矿和孔雀石
Figure 5. characteristics of mineralization and structure of South-pit
a-Chalcopyrite-sphalerite-galena vein in the marble; b-Chalcopyrite-sphalerite-galena veinlet in granodiorite porphyry; c-Structure breccia in skarn ore-body; d-Oxidized skarn ore with azurite and malachite
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图 6 甲玛矿区南坑矿段滑覆构造解译图（据钟康惠等，2012修改）
Figure 6. Sketch of sliding nappe fault of South-Pit, Jiama deposit(modified from Zhong Kanghui et al., 2012)
表 1 甲玛斑岩成矿系统不同类型矿体地质特征
Table 1 Geology of different types of ore bodies in the Jiama porphyry system
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 甲玛南坑矿段花岗闪长斑岩的锆石U-Pb年龄
Table 2 U-Pb age of zircon from granodiorite porphyry in South -Pit, Jiama deposit
下载: 导出CSV
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