Features of clay minerals in the Upper Cretaceous Yaojia Formation sandstones of the Qianjiadian Area in the Songliao Basin and its relation to uranium mineralization
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摘要:研究目的
钱家店铀矿床位于松辽盆地西南部，含铀岩系为上白垩统姚家组。目的层中含有大量的黏土矿物，因此揭示姚家组砂岩黏土矿物特征，对铀的成矿作用探讨至关重要。
研究方法本文通过系统的显微镜下鉴定、扫描电镜、X射线衍射等分析测试手段，对钱家店地区姚家组砂岩黏土矿物的镜下特征、成分及含量进行了系统的观察和研究。
研究结果钱家店地区姚家组砂岩黏土矿物主要为高岭石，其次为伊利石、蒙皂石，少量绿泥石。黏土矿物是沉积岩中铀富集的重要吸附剂，不同种类的黏土矿物对铀的吸附能力存在一定差异。
结论姚家组成矿环境经历了成矿早期的酸性环境和成矿晚期的弱碱性环境，不同的黏土矿物之间在此过程中存在着一系列的相互转化关系。黏土矿物含量变化不仅影响着铀储层物性特征，同时也影响着铀的沉淀富集。在黏土矿物吸附作用下，姚家组砂岩成岩过程中，预富集了大量的铀，为钱家店地区形成特大型铀矿床奠定了坚实物质基础。
创新点：钱家店地区姚家组砂岩黏土矿物主要为高岭石，其次为伊利石、蒙皂石，少量绿泥石；不同种类的黏土矿物共同作用下，为姚家组预富集了大量的铀。
Abstract:This paper is the result of mineral exploration engineering.
ObjectiveThe Qianjiadian uranium deposit is located in the southwestern songliao basin and the U -bearing rock series occur in the upper Cretaceous Yaojia Formation. There are a lot of clay minerals in the target strata, so it is very important to reveal the characteristics of clay minerals in sandstone of Yaojia Formation for uranium mineralization.
MethodsIn this paper, method of microscopic identification, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to systematically observe and study the microscopic characteristics, composition and content of clay minerals in the Yaojia Formation sandstones of the Qianjiadian area. Then, characteristics of the clay minerals were discussed in detail.
ResultsThe clay minerals are mainly kaolinites, followed by smectites, chlorites and illites. Clay minerals are important adsorbents for uranium enrichment in sedimentary rocks, and the adsorption capacity of different clay minerals to uranium is different.
ConclusionsThe Yaojia ore-forming environment experienced the acidic environment in the early ore-forming stage and the weakly alkaline environment in the late ore-forming stage. And there are a series of mutual transformation relations between different clay minerals in this process. The change of clay mineral content not only affects the physical properties of uranium reservoir but also influences the enrichment of uranium. Under the action of clay mineral adsorption, a large amount of uranium was pre-enriched in the process of sandstone diagenesis of Yaojia formation, which laid a solid material foundation for the formation of extra-large uranium deposits in Qianjiadian area.
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图 1 开鲁盆地内部构造单元与断裂分布（据聂逢君等，2017修改）
a—研究区位置简图；b—开鲁盆地构造简图；1—断层；2—凹陷；3—盆地边界；4—地名；5—参数井；6—研究区
Figure 1. The interior units of the Kailu basin and the distribution of faults(after Nie Fengjun et al., 2017)
a-Study area location schematic; b-Tectonic schematic of Kailu basin; 1-Fault; 2-Concave; 3-Basin boundary; 4-Place names; 5-Parameter well; 6-The study area
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图 2 钱家店地区前第四系地质图（a）、主要研究钻孔分布图（b）及地层柱状图（c）
1—泰康组；2—四方台组；3—嫩江组；4—姚家组；5—辉绿岩；6—花岗岩；7—矿区；8—断裂；9—地名；10—钻孔；11—泥岩；12—粉砂岩；13—中细砂岩；14—取样位置；15—铀矿体
Figure 2. Pre-Quaternary geological map(a), mainly study the borehole distribution map(b) and stratigraphic bar chart(c) of Qianjiadian area
1-Taikang Formation; 2-Sifangtai Formation; 3-Nenjiang Formation; 4-Yaojia Formation; 5-Diabase; 6-Granite; 7-Mining area; 8-Fracture; 9-Place names; 10-Drilling; 11-Mudstone; 12-Siltstone; 13-Medium fine sandstone; 14-Sampling position; 15-Uranium ore body
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图 3 钱家店地区姚家组砂岩宏观和镜下照片
a，b—岩心宏观照片；c，e—单偏光显微照片；d，f—正交偏光显微照片
Figure 3. Microphotographs showing of sandstone rocks from the Yaojia Formation, Qianjiadian area
a, b-Core macro photograph; c, e-Monopolarized photomicrograph; d, f-Orthogonal polarized photomicrograph
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图 4 钱家店地区姚家组砂岩黏土矿物扫描电镜照片
a—粒间蠕虫状高岭石；b—斜长石碎屑被强烈淋滤，粒表书页状高岭石；c—碎屑粒间片状高岭石；d—分布于颗粒表面的蜂窝状伊利石；e—位于粒间的蒙皂石集合体和叶片状高岭石；f—粒间花朵状绿泥石
Figure 4. Scanning electron microphtographs showing the clay minerals of sandstone rocks from the Yaojia Formation, Qianjiadian area
a-Intergranular vermicular kaolinite; b—Strongly leached plagioclase detritus, grain surface page kaolinite; c-Intergranular flake kaolinite; dHoneycomb kaolinite on the surface of particles; e-Aggregates of smectite and foliate kaolinite located between grains; f-Intergranular flower-like chlorite
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图 5 钱家店地区姚家组砂岩X衍射全岩分析柱状图（a）及黏土矿物含量对比柱状图（b）
Figure 5. Histograms showing the comparison of whole-rock chemical compositions (a) and clay mineral abundance (b) of sandstone rocks from the Yaojia Formation, Qianjiadian area
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图 6 钱家店地区姚家组砂岩黏土矿物含量关系图
a—蒙皂石与高岭石关系图；b—伊利石和高岭石关系图；c—蒙皂石和伊利石关系图；d—蒙皂石和绿泥石关系图；e—高岭石和绿泥石关系图；f—伊利石和绿泥石关系图
Figure 6. Correlations showing the clay abundance of sandstone rocks from the Yaojia Formation, Qianjiadian area
a-Correlation diagram of smectite and kaolinite; b-Correlation diagram of illite and kaolinite; c-Correlation diagram of monzonite and illite; d-Correlation diagram of smectite and chlorite; e-Correlation diagram of kaolinite and chlorite; fCorrelation diagram of illite and chlorite
表 1 钱家店地区姚家组砂岩全岩组分及黏土矿物含量分析结果（%）
Table 1 The whole-rock chemical compositions and clay mineral abundance of sandstone rocks from the Yaojia Formation, Qianjiadian area(%)
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 钱家店地区姚家组砂岩全岩X-衍射分析及黏土相对含量分析统计（%）
Table 2 Statistics of X-ray diffraction analysis and relative clay abundance of sandstone rocks from the Yaojia Formation, Qianjiadian area (%)
下载: 导出CSV
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