Constraints of Mesozoic-Cenozoic tectonic-sedimentary evolution on uranium mineralization and prospecting prediction in the central and southern Bayin Gobi Basin
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摘要:研究目的
巴音戈壁盆地中新生代主要经历了早白垩世断陷、断坳转折以及晚白垩世坳陷发育阶段，多期次构造改造对铀成矿的制约尚不清晰，影响下一步的找矿预测工作。
研究方法本文选择盆地中南部凹陷带为研究区，综合以往成果认识与地质剖面对比研究，系统研究了凹陷构造样式、构造演化对沉积充填的影响。
研究结果在早白垩世中晚期、晚白垩世晚期—古近纪以及新近纪，盆地内构造-沉积演化一方面利于形成剥蚀天窗，进而发育大规模层间氧化以及多期次的后生叠加作用，控制着成矿流体以及层间氧化带由凹陷边缘向凹陷中心发育，在氧化还原障附近形成铀矿化; 另一方面致使盆地南部地下水由径流—弱径流转为滞水，利于水岩作用下成矿流体中铀元素分解、析出、富集成矿。
结论巴音戈壁盆地中南部铀成矿在有利的构造背景下，主要受沉积相控制与层间氧化带制约。
创新点: 在定性开展扇三角洲预测的基础上，构建了断陷湖盆背景下的扇三角洲成矿模式，建立了砂岩型与泥岩型矿体成因模型，预测了周边铀成矿有利地段。
Abstract:This paper is the result of mineral exploration engineering.
ObjectiveThe Mesozoic and Cenozoic Bayin Gobi basin mainly experienced Early Cretaceous fault depression, fault depression transition and Late Cretaceous depression development stages. The restriction of multi-stage structural transformation on uranium mineralization is not clear, which affects the next prospecting and prediction work.
MethodsIn this paper, the depression in the central and southern part of the basin is selected as the research area. Based on the previous achievements and the comparative study of geological sections, the influence of depression structural style and structural evolution on sedimentary filling is systematically studied.
ResultsDuring the Early Cretaceous, Middle and Late (109.7 ± 1.5) Ma -(115.5 ± 1.5) Ma, Late Cretaceous Paleogene (45.4 ± 0.6) Ma-(70.9 ± 1.0) Ma and Neogene (12.3 ± 0.2) Ma-(2.5 ± 0.0) Ma, on the one hand, the tectonic sedimentary evolution in the basin is conducive to the formation of denudation window, and then the development of large-scale interlayer oxidation and multi-stage epigenetic superposition which controls the development of ore-forming fluid and interlayer oxidation zone from the edge of the depression to the center of the depression, and forms uranium mineralization near the redox barrier; On the other hand, the groundwater in the south of the basin changes from runoff weak runoff to stagnant water, which is conducive to the decomposition, precipitation and enrichment of uranium in the ore-forming fluid under water-rock process.
ConclusionsUnder the favorable tectonic background, uranium mineralization in the central and southern Bayingobi basin is mainly controlled by sedimentary facies and interlayer oxidation zone.
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图 1 巴音戈壁盆地中南部构造分区示意图
1—蚀源区; 2—断裂; 3—一级构造单元界线; 4—二级构造单元界线; 5—矿床; 6—研究区范围
Figure 1. Sketch map of tectonic zoning in the south-central part of the Bayin Gobi Basin
1-Provenance area; 2-Fault; 3-Boundary of primary structural unit; 4-Boundary of secondary structural unit; 5-Deposit; 6-Study area
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图 2 因格井—尚丹坳陷各凹陷构造样式
a—单断断槽式; b—单断迁移型; c—单断叠置型; d—双断地堑式; 1—上白垩统乌兰苏海组; 2—下白垩统巴音戈壁组上段; 3—下白垩统巴音戈壁组下段; 4—中下侏罗统; 5—地层界线; 6—正断层; 7—性质不明断层; 8—反转断层
Figure 2. Structuralstyles of sags in Inger-Shangdan Depression
a-Single and slot; b-Single fault migration; c-Single fault superimposed; d-Double break graben; 1-Ulansuhai Formation of Upper Cretaceous; 2-Upper Member of Bayin Gobi Formation of Lower Cretaceous; 3- Lower Part of Bayin Gobi Formation of Lower Cretaceous; 4-Middle-Lower Jurassic; 5-Stratigraphic boundary; 6-Normal fault; 7-Unidentified fault; 8-Inversion fault
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图 3 巴音戈壁盆地中南部白垩纪地层沉积与剥蚀天窗示意图
1—乌兰苏海组; 2—巴音戈壁组上段三岩段; 3—巴音戈壁组上段二岩段; 4—地质界线; 5—角度不整合界线; 6—钻孔孔号及标高(m); 7—工业矿孔; 8—矿化孔; 9—无矿孔
Figure 3. Schematic diagram of Cretaceous sedimentation and denudation windows in the central and southern Bayin Gobi Basin
1-Ulansuhai Formation; 2-Third rock section inthe Upper Member of Bayin Gobi Formation; 3-Second rock section in the Upper Member of Bayin Gobi Formation; 4-Geological boundary; 5-Angular unconformity boundary; 6-Borehole number and elevation (m); 7-Industrial ore hole; 8-Mineralization hole; 9-Non ore Hole
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图 4 巴音戈壁盆地中南部白垩纪构造-沉积演化模式图
a—早白垩世巴音戈壁组下段; b—早白垩世巴音戈壁组上段早期; c—早白垩世巴音戈壁组上段晚期; d—早白垩世末期; 1—扇三角洲; 2—冲积扇; 3—扇三角洲平原; 4—扇三角洲前缘; 5—湖泊相; 6—基底; 7—亚相界线; 8—正断层; 9—逆断层
Figure 4. Cretaceous tectonic-sedimentary evolution model diagram in the central and southern Bayin Gobi Basin
a-The lower part of Bayin Gobi Formation in Early Cretaceous; b-Early upper member of Bayin Gobi Formation in Early Cretaceous; c-Late upper member of Bayin Gobi Formation in Early Cretaceous; d-Late Early Cretaceous; 1-Fan delta; 2-Alluvial fan; 3-Fan delta plain; 4-Fan delta front; 5-Lake facies; 6-Basement; 7-Subfacies boundary; 8-Normal fault; 9-Reverse fault
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图 5 巴音戈壁盆地中南部下白垩统巴音戈壁组上段岩性-岩相示意图
1—上白垩统乌兰苏海组; 2—下白垩统巴音戈壁组上段; 3—下白垩统巴音戈壁组下段; 4—侏罗系; 5—上石炭统; 6—盆地边界; 7—岩相界线; 8—扇三角洲平原; 9—扇三角洲前缘; 10—滨浅湖; 11—花岗岩; 12—矿床/矿产地; 13—乌兰苏海组剥蚀界线; 14—铀矿体; 15—断裂; 16—示意剖面
Figure 5. Lithology-lithofacies sketch map of upper member of lower Cretaceous Bayin Gobi Formation in south-central Bayin Gobi Basin
1-Ulansuhai formation of upper Cretaceous; 2-Upper member of Bayin Gobi Formation of Lower Cretaceous; 3-Lower part of Bayin Gobi Formation of Lower Cretaceous; 4-Jurassic; 5- Upper Carboniferous; 6-Basin boundary; 7-Lithofacies boundary; 8-Fan delta plain; 9-Fan delta front; 10-Shore-shallow lake; 11-Granite/Orefield; 12-Deposit; 13-Denudation boundary of Wulansuhai Formation; 14-Uranium ore body; 15-Fault; 16-Schematic section
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图 6 尚丹坳陷银根地区构造形迹示意图
a—乌力吉—本巴图地区; b—沙拉扎山北侧; c—银根地区; 1—盆地边界; 2—正断层; 3—逆断层; 4—性质不明断层; 5—向斜; 6—复式褶皱; 7—地质界线; 8—剥蚀天窗
Figure 6. Structural trace map of Yingen area in Shangdan depression
a-Wuliji-Benbatu area; b-The north side of the Salazha Mountain; c-Yingen area; 1-Basin boundary; 2-Normal fault; 3-Reverse fault; 4-Unknown fault; 5-Syncline; 6-Compound fold; 7-Geological boundary; 8-Denudation windows
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图 7 断陷盆地斜坡带扇三角洲发育模式图(吴东，2015)
1—断裂; 2—断距; 3—剥蚀区; 4—沉积区
Figure 7. Development model of fan delta in slope zone of faulted basin(Wu Dong, 2015)
1-Fault; 2-Fault distance; 3-Denudation area; 4-Sedimentary area
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图 8 断陷湖盆背景下的扇三角洲成矿模式图
a—铀矿体产于氧化砂岩中; b—铀矿体产于氧化砂岩与灰色砂岩界面上; c—铀矿体产于灰色砂岩中; d、e—铀矿体产于氧化砂岩与灰色泥岩界面上; f—铀矿体产于氧化砂岩中的泥岩; 1—剥蚀区; 2—扇三角洲; 3—基底; 4—扇三角洲平原; 5—扇三角洲前缘; 6—滨浅湖; 7—砂岩; 8—泥岩; 9—褐铁矿化; 10—赤铁矿化; 11—炭化植物碎屑; 12—黄铁矿; 13—槽状交错层理; 14—正粒序; 15—平行层理; 16—水平层理; 17—流体方向; 18—铀矿体; 19—断裂; 20—裂隙; 21—高岭土化; 22—碳酸盐化; 23—电阻率测井曲线; 24—γ测井曲线
Figure 8. Metallogenic model of fan delta underthe background of faulted lacustrine basin
a-Uranium ore body occurs in oxidized sandstone; b-Uranium ore body occurs at the interface between oxidized sandstone and grey sandstone; c-Uranium ore body occurs in grey sandstone; d/e-Uranium ore bodies occur at the interface between oxidized sandstone and grey mudstone; f-Uranium ore body occurs at mudstone in oxidized sandstone; 1-Denudation area; 2-Fan delta; 3-Basement; 4-Fan delta plain; 5-Fan delta front; 6-Shore shallow lake; 7-Sandstone; 8-Mudstone; 9-Limonition; 10-Hematite mineralization; 11-Carbonized plant debris; 12 -Pyrite; 13-Trough cross bedding; 14-Normal grain sequence; 15-Parallel bedding; 16-Horizontal bedding; 17 -Fluid direction; 18-Uranium ore body; 19 -Fracture; 20-Cranny; 21- Kaolinite; 22-Carbonation; 23-Resistivity logging curve; 24 -Gamma logging curve
表 1 巴音戈壁盆地中南部主要凹陷特征一览
Table 1 Characteristic list of main depressions in the central and southern Bayin Gobi Basin
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 巴音戈壁盆地构造-沉积演化与铀成矿作用的关系
Table 2 Relationship between tectonic-sedimentary evolution and uranium mineralizationin in the Bayin Gobi Basin
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 靠山型与靠扇型扇三角洲特征对比表(据陈景山，2007)
Table 3 Characteristic comparison table between hillside fan delta and fan delta(after Chen Jingshan, 2007)
下载: 导出CSV
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