Plant optimal screening for contaminated soil remediation in an iron mining tailing of Baotou, Inner Mongolia
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摘要:研究目的
植物修复技术因其具有绿色、经济、环保的特点，在矿山生态修复中应用广泛，而调查和筛选矿山周边适应本地生境的植物物种是进行植物生态修复的关键环节。
研究方法通过野外调查取样和室内分析测试相结合的方法，对内蒙古包头某废弃铁矿尾矿库及周边11种优势植物的重金属含量、重金属迁移富集能力及其上覆土壤重金属特征进行分析研究，以期筛选优良修复植物，为矿区生态修复提供科学依据。
研究结果该废弃铁矿尾矿库及周边土壤Fe、Mn、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Cd、F含量均远超过河套平原土壤背景值，地累积指数显示污染等级为2~7级，污染程度从轻—中度污染到极强度污染。植物地下部分各元素含量总体上高于地上部分，除Cu外各植物重金属含量大多超出了正常值范围。
结论沙蒿和独行菜具有富集型植物特征，玉米、狗尾草、虎尾草和拂子茅属于根部囤积型，碱蓬、灰条菜、苍耳、新疆杨和红柳符合规避型植物特征。可根据植物对重金属的吸收和富集特点，科学合理地选择适宜的植物进行矿区受污染土壤植物修复。
创新点: 研究了废弃铁尾矿库及周边11种优势植物的重金属特征；揭示了优势植物对重金属的吸收机制。
Abstract:This paper is the result of geological environment survey engineering.
ObjectivePhytoremediation technology has been widely used in mine ecological restoration because of its characteristics of green, economic and environmental protection. The investigation and screening of plant species adapted to local habitats around mines is the key link of plant ecological restoration.
MethodsBy the method of soil sampling for investigation and laboratory analysis, this work analyzed 11 dominant plants in the abandoned tailing and the surrounding of Baotou, Inner Mongolia. Test the contents of heavy metals, the enrichment and translocation of heavy metals and the contents of heavy metals of the plant root soil, in order to screen fine restoration plants and provide scientific basis for ecological restoration in mining area.
ResultsThe results showed that the mean contents of Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, F much higher than the background value of soil in Hetao Plain, geoaccumulation index revealed the pollution level is 2-7, levels of pollution range from mild to moderate pollution to extremely intense pollution. Heavy metal content in plants shows that the content of each element in the underground part of plants is generally higher than that in the aboveground part, the content of heavy metals in most plants exceeded the normal range except for Cu.
ConclusionsArtemisia desertorum and Lepidium apetalum are belong to accumulators, Zea mays, Setaria viridis, Chloris virgata and Calamagrostis epigeios which absorbed a large amount of heavy metals but mainly held in the roots, Suaeda glauca, Chenopodium album, Xanthium sibiricum, Populus alba and Salix microstachya are belong to excluder. According to the absorption and enrichment characteristics of heavy metals in plants, aim to provide reference for the establishment of artificial phytoremediation system in mining areas and the selection of appropriate plant species for the remediation of heavy metal polluted soil in mining areas.
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1. 研究目的(Objective)
通过实施2020年四川省自然资源厅省政府性投资地质勘查项目，对沐川地区上二叠统宣威组底部泥岩中赋存的稀有、稀土、稀散元素进行调查评价，了解“三稀”元素含量与找矿前景，希望在“三稀”找矿方面取得突破性进展，为乌蒙山贫困地区脱贫提供技术服务和支撑产业规划、扶贫开发提供资源保障。
2. 研究方法(Method)
主要采用了1∶10000地质填图、1∶500矿化带剖面测量、探槽工程、钻探工程、采样与测试分析等方法，对上二叠统宣威组底部的富镓泥岩进行了初步研究。
3. 研究结果(Results)
沐川地区位于扬子陆块西缘(图 1a)，峨眉山大火成岩省中带(图 1b)。研究区位于五指山背斜核部，其核部地层为上二叠统峨眉山玄武岩(P3e)，两翼向两侧依次出露上二叠统宣威组(P3x)、三叠系(T)、侏罗系(J)等(图 1c)。镓矿层产出于峨眉山玄武岩组(P3e)顶部、宣威组(P3x)底部的紫红色铁质泥岩、灰白色铝质泥岩、浅灰绿色泥岩、灰色泥岩、浅灰绿色泥岩及深灰色炭质泥岩中，呈层状分布，层位稳定(图 1d)；找矿标志：峨眉山玄武岩组与宣威组(P3x)的平行不整合界线之上，具“成矿界面”特征，颜色上有明显的紫红色、灰白色、灰色及深灰色等，特别是具有特征的紫红色，宏观上易识别；根据地球化学图解判别显示，其成矿物质来源有可能来源于峨眉山玄武岩及峨眉山地幔柱演化末期喷发的火山灰。
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图 1 沐川地区构造位置图(a)，峨眉山玄武岩分布简图(b)，区域地质简图(c)及镓矿层产出层位示意图(d)Figure 1. Structural location map of Muchuan area(a), Simplified geological map showing distribution of the Emeishan basalts(b), Regional geological map of Muchuan area(c) and Schematic diagram of gallium ore occurrence horizon(d)采集钻孔岩心1/2切分样品，送样至自然资源部成都矿产资源监督检测中心采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)进行测试分析，结果显示ZK01钻孔镓(Ga)平均品位104 μg/g，矿层厚度6.27 m；ZK02钻孔镓(Ga)平均品位68.1 μg/g，矿层厚度8.67 m；ZK03钻孔镓(Ga)平均品位55.3 μg/g，矿层厚度13.87 m；三个工程的镓(Ga)平均品位为75.8 μg/g，平均厚度9.60 m。可以看出，沐川地区宣威组底部的泥岩中镓(Ga)品位较高，厚度较大，达到了中国现行的Ga矿资源工业指标要求(30 μg/g)。
4. 结论(Conclusion)
经初步估算沐川地区镓(Ga)资源量可达数万吨到数十万吨，有望找到超大型镓矿床(＞2000 t) 的潜力。沐川地区峨眉山玄武岩分布面积较广，为镓的富集成矿提供了丰富的物源。经地质填图及工程取样显示，宣威组底部富镓泥岩层厚度大，分布面积广泛，镓元素含量较高，具有巨大的找矿潜力。研究宣威组底部“三稀”元素成矿特征有助于中国在战略性关键矿产找矿方面取得重大突破，对地方国民经济发展具有重要意义。
5. 基金项目(Fund support)
本文为四川省自然资源厅2020年省政府性投资地质勘查项目(DZ20 2002)和四川省自然资源厅科技项目(kj-2022-6)资助成果。
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图 2 采集的部分植物样品
a—碱蓬；b—灰条菜；c—玉米；d—拂子茅；e—红柳；f—苍耳；g—狗尾草；h—独行菜
Figure 2. Partial plant samples collected
a-Suaeda glauca; b-Chenopodium album; c-Zea mays; d-Calamagrostis epigeios; e-Salix microstachya; f-Xanthium sibiricum; g-Setaria viridis; h-Lepidium apetalum
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图 3 植物地上和地下部分富集系数
Figure 3. Accumulation index of aboveground and underground parts of plants
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