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摘要:研究目的
二氧化碳羽流地热系统(CPGS)在取热的同时可实现CO2地质封存，在碳达峰与碳中和背景下，CPGS碳封存的经济性是众多学者关注的要点。
研究方法以松辽盆地泉头组为例，采用数值模拟方法对比分析了注入压力、井间距与回注温度对热提取率的影响，在供暖情景下，计算了CPGS供暖效益与碳封存成本，并与常规水热型地热系统供暖效益进行了对比。
研究结果受携热介质转变与热突破影响，CPGS开采井温度呈现“降低-稳定-降低”的趋势，其中井间距对开采井温降影响显著，井间距越小开采井温降越明显；热提取率与回注压力呈现正相关性，与回注温度呈现负相关性，井间距对热提取率影响不显著；CPGS与常规水热型地热系统相比，采热量呈现“高-低-高”三个阶段，其中回注压力越小、回注温度与储层温度越接近，实现CPGS较水介质多采热能所需的时间越短。
结论仅考虑CO2价格与取热效益，供暖收益抵消部分碳封存成本后，井间距对CO2封存单位成本影响最为显著，井间距越小，CO2封存单位成本降低越迅速，在注采井间距300 m条件下，持续开采30 a后CO2封存单位成本可降至160元/t。
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关键词:
- 二氧化碳羽流地热系统 /
- 二氧化碳地质封存 /
- 数值模拟 /
- 地热地质调查工程 /
- 松辽盆地
创新点：对比分析CPGS与常规水热型地热系统供暖效益；揭示不同注采井间距、回注压力与回注温度条件对CPGS碳封存经济的影响。
Abstract:This paper is the result of the geothermal geological survey engineering.
ObjectiveThe CO2- plume geothermal system (CPGS) can achieve geological CO2 storage during heat extraction. Under the background of carbon peaking and carbon neutralization, the economics of CPGS carbon storage attracts much attention.
MethodsTaking the Quantou Formation in the Songliao Basin as example, the influence of injection pressure, well spacing and reinjection temperature on the heat extraction rate were analyzed by numerical simulation in this paper. In addition, the benefit of CPGS and the cost of carbon storage were calculated and compared with conventional hydrothermal geothermal systems.
ResultsResults show that the temperature of mining wells in CPGS exhibits a trend of "decrease-stabilization-decrease" due to the transformation of heat-carrying medium and thermal breakthrough. Typically, the well spacing has a significant impact on the temperature drop of the mining well. Smaller the well spacing contributes to larger temperature drop of the mining well. The heat extraction rate has a positive correlation with the reinjection pressure and a negative correlation with the reinjection temperature. The influence of well spacing on the heat extraction rate is limited. Compared with the conventional hydrothermal geothermal system, CPGS has three stages of heat recovery, namely, high, low and high stages successively. A low reinjection pressure and a close reinjection temperature with the reservoir temperature helps to shorten the time required for the CPGS to recover a similar heat energy with the water medium.
ConclusionsTaking the price of CO2 and the benefits of heat extraction into account only, the well spacing has a dominating impact on the unit cost of CO2 storage after the heating revenue offsets part of the cost of carbon storage. Small well spacing contributes to quick decrease of the unit cost of CO2 storage. The unit cost of CO2 storage can be reduced to 160 yuan/ton after 30 years of continuous mining when the well spacing is 300 m.
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图 2 不同井间距开采井温降与总开采热能对比图
Figure 2. Comparison diagram of mining well temperature and total mining heat energy in different well spacing
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图 3 不同回注压力条件下开采井温降与总开采热能对比图
Figure 3. Comparison diagram of mining well temperature and total mining heat energy in different re-injection pressure
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图 4 不同回注温度条件下开采井温降与总开采热能对比图
Figure 4. Comparison diagram of mining well temperature and total mining heat energy in different re-injection temperature
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图 5 不同井间距条件下CPGS较水热多采热能对比图
Figure 5. Comparison diagram of CPGS and water medium heat collection in different well spacing
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图 6 不同回注压力条件下CPGS较水热多采热能对比图
Figure 6. Comparison diagram of CPGS and water medium heat collection in different re-injection pressure
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图 7 不同回注温度条件下CPGS较水热多采热能对比图
Figure 7. Comparison diagram of CPGS and water medium heat collection in different re-injection temperature
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图 8 不同井间距条件下CO2封存单位成本随时间变化曲线
Figure 8. CO2 storage unit cost versus time curve in different well spacing
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图 9 不同回注压力条件下CO2封存单位成本随时间变化曲线
Figure 9. CO2 storage unit cost versus time curve in different re-injection pressure
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图 10 不同回注温度条件下CO2封存单位成本随时间变化曲线
Figure 10. CO2 storage unit cost versus time curve in different re-injection temperature
表 1 模拟储层水文地质参数(据封官宏等，2013)
Table 1 Hydrogeological properties of the reservoir in simulation (after Feng Guanhong et al., 2013)
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