Lamprophyre origin of the Baiyun gold deposit in Qingchengzi ore concentration area, eastern Liaoning Province: Constraints of geochronology, geochemistry and Pb、Hf isotopes
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摘要:研究目的
白云金矿是辽东地区代表性的大型金矿床之一，通过厘清矿区内基性脉岩的形成时代、成因及其构造背景，有助于深化对区域构造演化过程及矿床成因的认识。
研究方法本文基于矿床的野外地质特征，对与矿化有密切关系的煌斑岩开展了岩相学、年代学和地球化学研究。
研究结果煌斑岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为（126.81±0.65）Ma，表明形成于早白垩世。岩石地球化学结果显示，煌斑岩属于碱性系列、钾玄质岩石，具有富镁（MgO=3.63%~4.07%，Mg#=54~60）、富钾（K2O/Na2O=1.26~3.47）、富碱（K2O+Na2O=4.41%~5.23%）的特征；富集大离子亲石元素（Rb、Th、U）和轻稀土元素，亏损高场强元素（Nb、Ta、Ti）和重稀土元素，具有典型的与俯冲有关的弧岩浆岩特征。同位素地球化学结果显示，煌斑岩富集放射性Pb同位素；锆石176Hf/177Hf为0.282117~0.282471，具有负的εHf(t)值（-20.80~-7.81），指示岩浆源区为受俯冲熔体/流体交代的富集岩石圈地幔。
结论结合区域大地构造背景，白垩纪时，由于古太平洋板块俯冲后撤产生伸展拉张环境，软流圈地幔物质的上涌可能促使EMII型富集地幔的部分熔融而形成基性岩浆，并沿郯庐深大断裂带及其次一级断裂上侵形成白云矿区煌斑岩。因此，本区早白垩世基性岩浆活动是对该时期华北克拉通东部岩石圈减薄的响应。
创新点：探讨了与矿化有关的煌斑岩的源区性质、成因及构造意义；完善了青城子矿集区早白垩世基性岩浆活动年代学格架；为研究区域成岩成矿地球动力学背景和白云金矿成因提供了新的依据
Abstract:This paper is the result of the mineral exploration engineering.
ObjectiveThe Baiyun gold deposit, located in the eastern margin of the North China Craton, is one of the typical gold deposits in the Qingchengzi ore concentration area of Fengcheng City, Liaoning Province. By clarifying the formation age, genesis and tectonic background of the mafic dikes in the mining area, it is beneficial to deepen the understanding of the regional tectonic evolution process and the genesis of the deposit.
MethodsBased on the field geological characteristics of the deposit, the lamprophyres closely related to mineralization, have been studied in terms of petrography, chronology and geochemistry in this paper.
ResultsLA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb data reveals that the lamprophyre formed at (126.81±0.65) Ma, indicating that it developed in the Early Cretaceous. Petrogeochemical characteristics show that the lamprophyres belong to alkali series and potassium hypostatic rocks, which are rich in magnesium (MgO=3.63%-4.07%, Mg# =54-60), potassium (K2O/Na2O=1.26-3.47) and alkali (K2O + Na2O= 4.41%-5.23%). The lamprophyres are enriched in large ion lithophile elements (Rb, Th, U) and light rare earth elements, but depleted in high field strength elements (Nb, Ta, Ti) and heavy rare earth elements, and exhibit typical arc magmatic features associated with subduction. Isotopic geochemical characteristics demonstrate that the lamprophyres have a high concentration of radioactive Pb isotopes. The initial 176Hf/177Hf value of zircon is 0.282117-0.282471, with negative εHf(t) values (-20.80--7.81), suggesting that the magma source is the enriched lithospheric mantle influenced by subducted melt/fluid metasomatism.
ConclusionsIntegrated with the regional tectonic setting, the bottom of the lithospheric mantle was eroded by the heat of the asthenosphere mantle during the Cretaceous period due to the extensional environment caused by the subduction and rollback of the Paleo-Pacific plate, which resulted in partial melting and the formation of the Early Cretaceous mafic magma. The lamprophyres with arc characteristics in the Baiyun mining area may have formed along the Tanlu fault zone and its secondary faults. Therefore, the Early Cretaceous mafic magmatism in this region represents a response to the lithosphere thinning in the eastern North China Craton.
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致谢: 野外工作得到了辽宁招金白云黄金矿业有限公司工程师们的支持和帮助，实验测试工作得到了中国地质大学（武汉）的赵葵东教授、中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所的侯可军研究员、核工业北京地质研究院的刘牧老师的支持和帮助，文章修改过程中得到了两位匿名审稿人及编辑提出的宝贵意见，在此一并表示感谢。
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图 1 辽东地区大地构造简图（a）和辽东青城子矿集区地质简图及白云金矿位置（b）
（图 1a据骆辉和李俊建, 2002修改; 图 1b据辽宁省有色地质局103队, 2019修改）
1—大石桥组; 2—盖县组; 3—第四系; 4—古元古代花岗岩; 5—三叠纪花岗岩; 6—辉长岩; 7—煌斑岩; 8—闪长岩; 9—花岗斑岩; 10—石英斑岩; 11—伟晶岩; 12—金矿体; 13—断裂; 14—向斜/倒转向斜; 15—背斜/倒转背斜; 16—金（银）矿床; 17—铅锌矿床Figure 1. Simplified geotectonic map of eastern Liaoning Province (a), simplified geological map of Qingchengzi ore-concentrated area, showing the location of the Baiyun gold deposit (b)
(Fig. 1a is modified from Luo and Li, 2002; Fig. 1b is modified from Liaoning Nonferrous Geology Bureau 103 Liaoning Nonferrous Geology Bureau 103 Team, 2019)
1- Dashiqiao Formation; 2- Gaixian Formation; 3- Quaternary; 4- Paleoproterozoic granite; 5- Triassic granite; 6- Gabbro; 7- Lamprophyre; 8-Diorite; 9-Granite porphyry; 10-Quartz porphyry; 11-Pegmatite; 12-Gold orebody; 13-Fault; 14-Syncline/inverted syncline; 15-Anticline/ inverted anticline; 16-Au(-Ag) deposits; 17-Pb-Zn deposits![]()
图 2 白云金矿二道沟矿段320 m中段的煌斑岩穿切矿体（a），煌斑岩手标本（b）以及岩相学（c）特征
Hbl—角闪石; Pl—斜长石; Px—辉石; 红色五角星代表采样点
Figure 2. Photographs of the lamprophyre crosscutting the orebodies in the elevation of 320 m in the Erdaogou mining section (a), hand specimen (b), and photomicrographs (c) showing some key geological features of the lamprophyre in the Baiyun gold deposit
Hbl-Hornblende; Pl-Plagioclase; Px-Pyroxene; The red pentacle represents the sampling point
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图 3 白云金矿煌斑岩的锆石CL图像特征以及U-Pb定年、Hf同位素测试点位
Figure 3. Cathodoluminescence images of zircons of the lamprophyre in the Baiyun gold deposit, with their U-Pb age data and corresponding Hf isotope analysis spots
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图 4 白云金矿煌斑岩的锆石U-Pb谐和年龄曲线（a）和加权平均年龄（b）
Figure 4. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb Concordia (a) and weighted average age (b) diagram of the lamprophyre in the Baiyun gold deposit
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图 5 白云金矿煌斑岩的SiO2-(Na2O+K2O) 图解（a）和SiO2-K2O图解（b）
（图 5a据Le Bas et al., 1986; 碱性和亚碱性系列的分界线据Irvine and Baragar, 1971; 图 5b据Rock, 1987）
Figure 5. Diagrams of SiO2-(Na2O+K2O) (a) and SiO2-K2O (b) for the lamprophyres in the Baiyun gold deposit
(Fig. 5a is after Le Bas et al., 1986, and the dividing line between basic and subbasic series is after Irvine and Baragar, 1971; Fig. 5b is after Rock, 1987)
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图 6 白云金矿煌斑岩的球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分曲线（a）和原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图（b）（标准化数值引自Sun and McDonough, 1989; OIB: 洋岛玄武岩; E-MORB: 富集型洋中脊玄武岩; N-MORB: 正常型洋中脊玄武岩）
Figure 6. Chondrite-normalized rare earth element (REE) distribution pattern (a) and primitive mantle-normalized spider diagram (b) for the lamprophyres in the Baiyun gold deposit
(Normalizing values are from Sun and McDonough, 1989; OIB: Oceanic island basalt; E-MORB: Enriched mid-oceanic ridge basalt; N-MORB: Normal mid-oceanic ridge basalt)
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图 7 白云金矿煌斑岩中锆石的εHf(t)值（a）和二阶段模式年龄（tDM2）（b）的频率直方图
Figure 7. The εHf(t) values (a) and two-stage model ages (tDM2) (b) frequency histograms of the zircons in the lamprophyre in the Baiyun gold deposit
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图 8 白云金矿煌斑岩的Nb-Nb/U图解（a）和206Pb/204Pb-207Pb/204Pb图解（b）
（图 8a据姜耀辉等, 2006; 图 8b据Zindler and Hart, 1986; DMM—亏损地幔端元; MORB—洋中脊玄武岩; OIB—洋岛玄武岩; EMI—I型富集地幔; EMII—II型富集地幔; BSE—全硅酸盐地球; NHRL—北半球参考线）
Figure 8. Diagrams of Nb-Nb/U (a), and 206Pb/204Pb-207Pb/204Pb (b) for the lamprophyres in the Baiyun gold deposit
(Fig 8a. is after Jiang et al., 2006; Fig 8b is after Zindler and Hart, 1986; DMM-Depleted mantle end member; MORB-Mid-oceanic ridge basalt; OIB-Oceanic island basalt; EMI-I-type enriched mantle; EMII-II-type enriched mantle; BSE-Bulk silicate earth; NHRL-Northern Hemisphere reference line)
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图 9 白云金矿煌斑岩的U-Pb年龄(t)-εHf(t)图解
（DM—亏损地幔; CHUR—球粒陨石均一源储; CC—大陆地壳）
Figure 9. Diagram of U-Pb age(t)-εHf(t) for the lamprophyres in the Baiyun gold deposit
(DM-Depleted mantle; CHUR-Chondrite uniform reservoir; CC-Continental crust)
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图 10 白云金矿煌斑岩的La/Yb-Dy/Yb图解（据Miller et al., 1999）
Figure 10. Diagram of La/Yb-Dy/Yb for the lamprophyres in the Baiyun gold deposit (after Miller et al., 1999)
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图 11 白云金矿煌斑岩的构造环境判别图解
（底图据Müller et al., 1992修改; WIP—板内环境; Arc-related—岛弧环境; PAP—后碰撞弧; CAP—大陆弧)
Figure 11. Diagrams of tectonic setting discrimination for the lamprophyres in the Baiyun gold deposit
(modified after Müller et al., 1992; WIP-Within-plate; Arc-related-island arc related settings; PAP-Post collisional arc; CAP-Continental arc)
表 1 白云金矿煌斑岩的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果
Table 1 Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating results of the lamprophyre in the Baiyun gold deposit
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 白云金矿煌斑岩的主量元素（%）、稀土和微量元素（10-6）化学分析结果
Table 2 Major (%), rare earth and trace element (10-6) data of the lamprophyres in the Baiyun gold deposit
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 白云金矿煌斑岩的全岩Pb同位素分析结果
Table 3 Whole rock Pb isotope analysis results of the lamprophyres in the Baiyun gold deposit
下载: 导出CSV
表 4 白云金矿煌斑岩的锆石微区原位Hf同位素分析结果
Table 4 Results of zircon in situ Hf isotopic compositions of the lamprophyre in the Baiyun gold deposit
下载: 导出CSV
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