Construction of Se−enriched land quality evaluation system based on predicted Se content in crops: A case study of Longshan County, Hunan Province
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摘要:研究目的
硒（Se）是人体必需的微量元素之一。富硒土地和富硒农产品的开发利用成为了乡村振兴的重要实践，但仅根据土壤Se含量难以准确地指导地方政府进行富硒土地资源开发。
研究方法本文以湖南省龙山县西北部作为研究区，基于1∶50000土地质量地球化学调查数据和全国土地调查成果数据探讨了水稻Se生物富集系数的影响因素，并据此建立了水稻籽实Se含量多元线性回归预测模型，结合耕地地力和环境质量提出了富硒土地质量评价体系。
研究结果（1）研究区土壤Se含量为0.19~0.84 mg/kg，平均值0.48 mg/kg，水稻籽实Se含量为0.02~0.23 mg/kg，平均值0.10 mg/kg，水稻籽实富硒率为83%。（2）水稻籽实Se生物富集系数与土壤Cd、S和TC呈极显著负相关关系，相关系数分别−0.617、−0.452和−0.574。（3）区划结果显示，研究区以无公害富硒中高产耕地为主，面积占比78%，无公害中高产耕地和无公害低产耕地面积相对较小，面积分别占13%和4%；安全利用富Se耕地和谨慎利用耕地面积分别占4%和1%。
结论在科学预测农作物籽实Se元素含量的基础上，本文构建了一种基于农作物富Se水平、耕地地力和环境质量的地块尺度富Se土地质量评价体系，对地方政府进行富Se土地资源开发利用具有重要参考示范意义。
创新点:利用土壤理化性质与Se生物富集系数的密切联系，建立了农作物籽实Se含量预测模型，构建了一种基于农作物富Se水平、耕地地力等级和耕地环境质量的地块尺度富Se土地质量评价体系。
Abstract:This paper is the result of soil geochemical survey engineering.
ObjectiveSelenium (Se) is one of the essential trace elements for human body. The development and utilization of Se−rich land and Se−rich agricultural products have become a pivotal practice in rural revitalization. Nonetheless, it is challenging to accurately guide the local government to develop Se−rich land resources in accordance with nothing more than the content of Se in soil.
MethodsThe northwestern part of Longshan County, Hunan Province were selected as the explored area in this paper. The influencing factors of Se bioconcentration factors of rice were systematically and comprehensively explored on the basis of 1∶50000 land quality geochemical survey data and national land survey results data. Accordingly, the prediction model of Se bioconcentration factors of rice was established. Aside from that, the Se−rich land quality evaluation system was put forth by integrating with land fertility and ecological environment.
Results(1) The soil Se content was 0.19−0.84 mg/kg, with an average value of 0.48 mg/kg. The Se content of rice seeds was 0.02−0.23 mg/kg, with an average value of 0.10 mg/kg, and the Se−rich rate of rice seeds was 82%. (2) The Se bioconcentration factors of rice seeds displayed negative association with soil Cd, S, and TC, among which the correlation coefficients were −0.617, −0.452, and −0.574, separately. (3) As suggested by the zoning results, the pollution−free medium−high yield cultivated land with Se enrichment in the explored area accounts for 78%; The pollution−free medium−high yield cultivated land, the pollution−free low yield cultivated land, the cultivated land of safe utilization, the cultivated land of prudent utilization account for 13%, 4%, 4% and 1%, respectively.
ConclusionsOn the basis of scientific prediction of crop seeds Se content, a block scale Se−rich land quality evaluation system was innovatively constructed based on Se content of crops, land fertility and ecological environment in this paper. On this basis, this research is expected to offer paramount reference and demonstration significance for local governments to develop Se−rich land resources.
Highlights:A prediction model of Se content in crop seeds was constructed based upon the close relationship between soil physical and chemical properties and the Se bioconcentration factor. A block scale Se−rich land quality evaluation system was constructed in line with Se content of crops, land fertility and ecological environment.
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图 1 研究区地理位置及采样点位图
1—乡镇位置；2—县政府驻地；3—表层土采样点位；4—水稻采样点位；5—河流；6—第四系；7—上白垩统栏垅组；8—下白垩统东井组
Figure 1. Location and sampling map of the study area
1−Township location; 2−County government station; 3−Sampling sites of topsoil; 4−Sampling sites of rice; 5−River; 6−Quaternary; 7−Upper Cretaceous Lanlong Formation; 8−Lower Cretaceous Dongjing Formation
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图 2 表层土壤Se含量空间分布特征
Figure 2. Spatial distribution characteristics of Se contents in surface soil
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图 4 水稻Se含量预测值和实测值相关关系图
Figure 4. Correlation diagram between of predictive values and measured values of Se contents in rice
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图 5 研究区富Se耕地质量综合等级图
Figure 5. Distribution of comprehensive grade of Se−rich arable land in the study area
表 1 样品分析方法及检出限
Table 1 Analysis methods and detect limits of samples
样品类型 分析方法 测定元素或指标 规范检出限 分析方法检出限 土壤 X射线荧光光谱法（XRF） SiO2 0.1 0.05 Al2O3 0.05 0.03 高频燃烧红外吸收法（HFIR） S 30 15 TC 0.1 0.02 电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP−MS） Cd 0.03 0.02 离子选择性电极（ISE） pH 0.1 0.01 原子荧光光谱法(AFS) Se 0.01 0.01 水稻 原子荧光光谱法(AFS) Se - 0.005 注：SiO2、Al2O3、TC检出限单位为%，S、Cd、Se检出限单位为 mg/kg，pH无量纲。 
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表 2 表层土壤Se含量分级标准及统计
Table 2 Classification standard and statistics of Se content in top soil
硒含量范围/(mg/kg) 硒含量分级 样品数/件 所占比例/% ＜0.125 缺乏 0 0 0.125~＜0.175 边缘 0 0 0.175~＜0.4 适量 49 28 0.4~＜3.0 高 125 72 ≥3.0 过剩 0 0
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表 3 水稻籽实与根系土Se含量（mg/kg）
Table 3 Se content (mg/kg) of rice seeds and rhizospere soil
种类 样品数 最大值 最小值 平均值 标准差 富硒率 水稻 籽实 35 0.23 0.02 0.10 0.06 83% 根系土 35 0.75 0.25 0.45 0.20 注：富Se率=（富Se样本数/总样本数）×100%。
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表 4 Se的生物富集系数与土壤理化指标相关系数
Table 4 Association coefficients of BCFSe with soil physicochemical properties
Cd SiO2 Al2O3 S TC pH BCF Cd 1 SiO2 −0.510** 1 Al2O3 0.290 −0.830** 1 S 0.408* −0.094 −0.049 1 TC 0.220* −0.079 0.068 0.423* 1 pH 0.601** −0.507** 0.273 0.065 0.178 1 BCF −0.617** 0.337* −0.337* −0.452** −0.574** −0.263 1 注：*为P<0.05，**为P<0.01。
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表 5 富Se耕地质量评价指标及权重
Table 5 Quality evaluation index and weight of Se-rich cultivated land
一级指标 二级指标 三级指标 等级划定 耕地地力 立地条件及土壤性状（0.40） 地形部位（0.15）
坡度（0.13）
土层厚度（0.13）
剖面构型（0.12）
土壤质地（0.12）
土壤结构（0.11）
pH（0.24）Ⅰ等（高产能）
Ⅱ等（中产能）
Ⅲ等（低产能）土壤养分（0.40） 有机质（0.50）、P（0.20）K（0.30） 土壤管理（0.20） 利用现状（0.4）
灌溉保证率（0.3）
排涝能力（0.3）生态环境 Cd、Hg、As、Pb、Cr A、B、C 农作物富硒水平 预测水稻籽实Se含量 1级（富硒）
2级（非富硒）
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表 6 富Se耕地质量综合等级划分
Table 6 Quality classification of Se−rich cultivated land
等级 R∶G∶B 分级 定义 1等 4∶168∶24 ⅠA1 ⅠB1 ⅡA1 ⅡB1 ⅢA1 ⅢB1 无公害富硒中高产耕地 2等 144∶243∶127 ⅠA2 ⅡA2 ⅠB2 ⅡB2 无公害中高产耕地 3等 225∶225∶0 ⅢA2 ⅢB2 无公害低产耕地 4等 225∶153∶0 ⅠC1 ⅡC1 ⅢC1 安全利用富硒耕地 5等 225∶0∶0 ⅠC2 ⅡC2 ⅢC2 谨慎利用耕地
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