Spatial distribution, origin, and health risk assessment of nitrate in groundwater of Cenozoic basalts in Zhangbei county, Hebei Province
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摘要: 【研究目的】为了判别河北省新生代玄武岩地下水中硝酸盐成因及其带来的健康风险。【研究方法】本文选择张北县玄武岩分布区,利用45组地下水水化学及氢氧稳定同位素数据,识别了区内地下水中硝酸盐分布特征及成因,并针对氮污染问题开展了地下水硝酸盐的健康风险评价。【研究结果】研究区地下水中硝酸盐平均浓度为86.08 mg·L-1,26.6%的采样点NO-3质量浓度超过GB/T 14848-2017《地下水质量标准》中III类地下水硝酸盐限量值(20 mg·L-1);不同土地利用类型条件下地下水中硝酸盐含量差异较大,其中城镇区地下水中硝酸盐质量浓度最高,水浇地次之,林草地和旱地最小。区内地下水硝酸盐的主要来源为牲畜粪肥及生活污水混合入渗,其次为农业化肥淋滤。基于健康风险评价模型,成人和儿童通过饮水摄入硝酸盐的健康风险较高,占总健康风险贡献率的99.23%,远大于皮肤接触途径。其中儿童经饮水摄入和皮肤接触两种途径的健康风险均显著高于成人,75.55%的采样点地下水硝酸盐对儿童的健康风险超出了可接受水平。【结论】从供水安全角度,建议对高风险地区增加净水设备降低人体健康风险。Abstract: [Objectives] In order to identify nitrate sources and health risks in groundwater of Cenozoic basaltic rock in Hebei province.[Methods] The basalt distribution region in Zhangbei county is selected as a typical study area. Based on hydrochemistry and isotopes data of 45 groups groundwater samples, the distribution characteristics and origin of nitrate in basalt groundwater were studied, the health risk of nitrate in groundwater was evaluated using the health risk assessment model.[Results]The results showed that the average concentration of nitrate in the groundwater of the study area was 86.08 mg·L-1, The nitrate concentration of 26.6% of the sampling sites exceeded the limit value of the III grade groundwater quality in GB/T 14848-2017《The Quality standard of Underground Water》 (20 mg·L-1);The nitrate pollution of different land use types varied greatly, and the content of nitrate in urban areas was the highest, followed by irrigated land,with forests、grasslands or dry land not exceeding the standard.The sources of nitrate in groundwater was mainly manure and domestic sewage, and the next was chemical fertilizer leaching;The health risks of nitrate exposure through skin contact among the population in the study area were at acceptable levels, while the health risk of nitrate intake from drinking water was higher, and the contribution rate of nitrate intake from drinking water accounted for 99.23% of the total risk, which was much higher than that from skin contact route.The health risks of drinking water intake and skin contact in children were significantly higher than those of adults.The health risks of groundwater nitrates to children in 75.55% of the sampling sites exceeded acceptable levels.[Conclusions] From the perspective of water supply safety, it is recommended to increase water purification equipment in high-risk areas to reduce human health risks
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Keywords:
- Groundwater /
- nitrate /
- basalt /
- stable isotope /
- health risk assessment /
- hydrogeologic survey engineering /
- Zhangbei County /
- Hebei Province
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1. 研究目的(Objective)
近年来,新疆阿尔金西段萤石找矿取得的重大突破。萤石矿主要分布于卡尔恰尔—阔什区域性大断裂(阿中断裂)以南的晚奥陶世碱长花岗岩侵入体内及其外接触带附近的富钙质岩系中,圈定了卡尔恰尔—小白河沟、盖吉克—亚干布阳、布拉克北—皮亚孜达坂、托盖里克东南—阿其克南4条沿北东向断裂分布的萤石矿带,整个远景区CaF2资源量已达3500万t以上。中国地质调查局西安矿产资源调查中心于2021—2023年对阿尔金西段小白河沟—克鲁求干道班一带开展了矿产调查评价,在小白河沟地区新发现热液充填型萤石矿产地1处,估算萤石的潜在资源达大型规模,对于拓展阿尔金地区萤石矿床具有借鉴意义。
2. 研究方法(Methods)
在对小白河沟地区以往地物化遥成果资料综合研究基础上,结合本次遥感蚀变异常提取和构造解译圈定了重点工作区,通过开展1∶10000地质草测、1∶10000岩石地球化学剖面测量、1∶500地质剖面测量、槽探及钻探等工作,在小白河沟共圈定萤石矿体21条,实现了找矿突破。通过典型矿床对比,总结了区内萤石矿成矿规律,初步建立了找矿模式,分析了区域萤石成矿潜力及找矿前景。
3. 研究结果(Results)
研究区出露地层基底主要为古元古界阿尔金岩群a岩组和b岩组,二者呈构造面理接触关系。阿尔金岩群a岩组为萤石主要赋矿地层,该岩组出露的岩石类型主要为黑云斜长片麻岩、黑云二长片麻岩、斜长变粒岩、石英岩、大理岩,局部夹有角闪斜长片麻岩(图1b)。区内断裂较为发育,期次较多,主要呈北北东向、北东向、南东东向,南东东向断裂主要与区内的萤石矿化关系密切。地层中岩脉极为发育,在接触带可见岩石具萤石化、钾长石化、碳酸盐化、绿帘石化、硅化等围岩蚀变。
在小白河沟共圈定萤石矿体21条(图1c),长100~1130 m,厚度0.7~4.68 m,矿体沿走向延续性较好,沿倾向呈透镜体状,断续产出,斜切岩体和变质岩,有“膨大缩小”变化,部分呈“透镜体”、“扁豆体”断续分布,主矿体旁侧发育少数分枝。矿体品位23.2%~82.4%,平均品位32.2%,钻孔深部验证效果良好。矿石主要以块状、纹层状为主,主要矿物为萤石,局部发育方解石、带云母和少量石英。萤石以紫色、紫黑色为主,少量呈白色或绿色,具粗晶结构、自形—半自形及他形粒状结构。矿石工业类型主要是CaF2型、CaF2–CaCO3型。围岩蚀变以碳酸盐化、带云母化、钾化、黄铁矿化、绿帘石化、角闪石化等为主。初步估算CaF2资源量117.42万t,具大型萤石矿床远景。
4. 结论(Conclusions)
(1)小白河沟萤石矿是阿尔金西段萤石找矿新发现,这一发现拓展了区内萤石矿向西延伸的空间,同时本次工作区内多数矿体走向和深部延伸均未封边,仍具有较大找矿潜力。
(2)本工作发现了品位较富的大型萤石矿,拓宽了区域找矿思路,具有重要借鉴意义,同时为阿尔金瓦石峡南—卡尔恰尔萤石锂大型资源基地建设提供了有力支撑。
5. 基金项目(Fund support)
本文为中国地质调查局项目(DD20190143、DD20211551、DD20243309)、陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2023−JC−YB−241)、中国地质调查局自然资源综合调查指挥中心科技创新基金项目(KC20230011)联合资助的成果。
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