基于DEM和遥感的黄土地质灾害精细化风险识别——以陕北黄土高原区米脂县为例

薛强; 张茂省; 董英; 孟晓捷; 郭小鹏; 冯卫; 洪勃; 王涛; 刘文辉; 田中英; 张戈; 卢娜

doi:10.12029/gc20220801001

基于DEM和遥感的黄土地质灾害精细化风险识别——以陕北黄土高原区米脂县为例

Refinement risk identification of loess geo-hazards based on DEM and remote sensing——Taking Mizhi County in the Loess Plateau of Northern Shaanxi as an example

摘要

摘要:
研究目的 黄土高原是中国地质灾害最严重的地区之一，精细化识别地质灾害隐患，掌握地质灾害风险底数，是有效精准防控黄土地质灾害的关键。
研究方法 本文以陕北黄土高原区米脂县为例，基于2 m×2 m精度DEM数据识别崩塌滑坡易发坡段，采用0.2 m分辨率遥感数据识别危险坡段，以自然村为单元实地调查危险坡段并评价其风险，通过递进的方式开展了黄土地质灾害隐患识别、调查和评价，构建了县域尺度黄土地质灾害精细化风险识别技术方法体系。
研究结果 结果表明：（1）米脂县共识别坡度大于40°、坡高大于20 m的崩塌滑坡易发坡段44716个，识别有威胁对象的危险坡段4198个；（2）通过风险识别、实地调查和评价，摸清了米脂县地质灾害隐患风险底数，米脂县共发育地质灾害风险点4406处，其中极高风险点11处、高风险点304处、中风险点1451处、低风险点2640处；（3）DEM和遥感识别风险点3880处，占风险点总数的88.06%，识别正确率92.42%；（4）2022年7—8月，米脂县人口居住区共有36处地质灾害风险点发生灾情或险情，全部位于本次风险识别范围之内，其中极高风险2处、高风险28处、中风险5处、低风险1处，极高风险点发生灾险情比例为18.18%，高风险点发生灾险情比例为9.21%，风险识别结果得到了有效验证。
结论研究成果显著减轻了米脂县地质灾害造成的损失，为黄土地质灾害有效精准防控提供了科学依据。

Abstract:
This paper is the result of geo-hazards survey engineering.
Objective The Loess Plateau is one of the regions with the most serious geo-hazards in China. The key to effectively and accurately prevent and control the loess geo-hazards is to precisely identify the hidden geo-hazards dangers and thoroughly understand the number of geo-hazards risks.
Methods This paper takes Mizhi County in the Loess Plateau region of northern Shaanxi as an example to perform the identification,investigation and evaluation of the hidden loess geo-hazards dangers step by step,and establish the system of refined risk identification technology method for the loess geo-hazards at the county level. The DEM data with resolution of 2 m×2 m is used to identify the slopes prone to induce collapses and landslides. The remote sensing data with resolution of 0.2 m is applied to identify the dangerous slopes. The natural village is taken as the unit to investigate the dangerous slopes and evaluate their risks.
Results The results show that: (1) A total of 44716 landslide-prone slopes with inclination degree greater than 40° and height larger than 20 m and 4198 dangerous slopes with threatening objects were identified. (2) Through risk identification,field investigation and evaluation,the total number of geo-hazard risks in Mizhi County was thoroughly understand. There are 4406 geo-hazards risks,including 11 extremely high risks,304 high risks,1451 medium risks and 2640 low risks. (3) A number of 3880 risks accounting for 88.06% of the total risks were identified by the DEM and remote sensing with the identification accuracy of 92.42%. (4) From July to August 2022,36 geo-hazards risks occurred,which are within the scope of this risk identification including 2 extremely high risks,28 high risks,5 medium risks and 1 low risk. The proportion of disasters located at extremely high risks is 18.18%,and the proportion of disasters occurred at high risks is 9.21%. The results of risk identification have been effectively verified.
Conclusions The research results significantly reduced the losses caused by geo-hazards in Mizhi County,and provided scientific references for effectively and accurately preventing and controlling the loess geo-hazards.

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