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    农村饮用地下水NO3−污染及健康风险评估——以五台县为例

    Nitrate pollution and health risk assessment of rural drinking groundwater ——Taking Wutai County as an example

      摘要
    • 摘要:
      研究目的 工农业与农村生活污染易造成地下水硝酸盐（NO3−）累积，长期摄入高硝酸盐地下水存在人体健康隐患。本文调查五台县茹村乡及周边农村饮用地下水硝酸盐污染现状，开展人群健康风险评价，为区域农村安全饮水治理提供数据支撑。
      研究方法 利用统计分析软件（SPSS19）、通过构建人类健康风险模型(HHRA)方法，对不同年龄、不同性别人群进行了NO3−健康风险定性和定量的评价。
      研究结果 研究区NO3−N平均浓度为43.99 mg/L，大于标准值（20 mg/L）2.2倍，51.73%的NO3−N点位数量处于超标状态，地下水受NO3−污染严重，NO3−污染区主要集中在人类主要活动区。
      结论 茹村乡及周边地区农村饮用地下水存在NO3−污染高健康风险。地下水NO3−污染对不同性别、不同年龄人群的健康危害存在婴儿＞儿童＞成年女性＞成年男性，主要受暴露持续时间、居民平均体重、预期寿命和皮肤接触表面积等因素影响。研究结果可为地下水NO3−污染防治提供科学依据。

       

      Abstract:
      This paper is the results of environmental geological survey engineering.
      Objective Pollutants from industrial, agricultural and rural domestic activities tend to cause nitrate (NO3−) accumulation in groundwater. Long-term intake of groundwater with excessive nitrate poses potential health risks to human beings. This paper investigates the nitrate pollution status of drinking groundwater in Rucun Township of Wutai County and its surrounding rural areas, conducts human health risk assessment, and provides data support for the safe drinking water management of rural regions.
      Methods We used statistical analysis software (SPSS19) and constructed a human health risk model (HHRA) to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the health risks of nitrate in populations of different ages and genders.
      Results The average concentration of nitrate in the study area is 43.99 mg/L, which is over 2.2 times higher than the standard value of 20 mg/L. 89% of the area is in an excessive state. Groundwater is severely polluted by NO3−, and nitrate pollution areas are mainly concentrated in the main human activity areas, especially in the main agricultural production areas.
      Conclusions There is a high health risk of nitrate pollution in rural drinking groundwater in Rucun Township and surrounding areas. The health hazards of NO3− pollution in groundwater to different genders and age groups are mainly influenced by exposure duration, average weight of residents, life expectancy, and skin contact surface area. The research results can provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of groundwater nitrate pollution.

       

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