摘要:
【研究目的】近几十年来，稳定碳同位素理论逐渐完善，并随着测试技术的进步和发展，碳同位素分析变得更加精确和高效。碳同位素示踪技术作为一种强大的工具，广泛应用于土壤-植被-生态-环境研究中，并发挥着重要作用。【研究方法】本文通过查阅大量碳同位素技术应用方面的文献，综述了国内外关于稳定碳同位素技术的原理及实践应用的最新研究进展。【研究结果】利用稳定碳同位素技术，可有效识别煤、石油、天然气等天然有机物的成因来源。通过洞穴石笋、黄土沉积物、湖泊沉积物、树轮、海洋有孔虫、海相碳酸盐岩和冰芯等不同地质体中的碳同位素组成的变化，可以有效地反演全球气候变化。此外，碳稳定同位素还被用于示踪土壤有机碳碳地球化学循环，解决干旱-半干旱地区无机碳汇源转化与碳库识别等问题。【结论】稳定碳同位素技术广泛应用于煤-石油-天然气领域、全球气候变化、表生系统有机碳循环和无机碳汇源等领域的研究中，取得了大量研究成果，未来随着仪器设备和测试技术的不断进步，相关理论和研究方法将日趋成熟与完善，碳同位素示踪必将发挥更大的作用。
Abstract:
[Objective] In recent decades, the theory of stable carbon isotopes has been gradually perfected, and with the progress and development of testing techniques, carbon isotope analysis has become more accurate and efficient. As a powerful tool, carbon isotope tracer technology is widely used in soil-vegetation-ecology-environment research and plays an important role. [Methods] In this paper, a large number of literatures on the application of carbon isotope technology are reviewed, and the latest research progress on the principle and practical application of stable carbon isotope technology at home and abroad is reviewed. [Results] Using stable carbon isotope technology, the genetic source of natural organic matter such as coal, oil and natural gas can be effectively identified. Global climate change can be effectively retrieved through the changes of carbon isotope composition in different geological bodies such as cave stalagmites, loess sediments, lake sediments, tree rings, Marine foraminifera, Marine carbonate rocks and ice cores. In addition, carbon stable isotopes are also used to trace the geochemical cycle of soil organic carbon, and solve the problems of inorganic carbon sink transformation and carbon pool identification in arid and semi-arid areas. [Conclusions] Stable carbon isotope technology has been widely used in the research of coal-oil-natural gas field, global climate change, organic carbon cycle in superorganism system and inorganic carbon sink source, and has achieved a lot of research results. In the future, with the continuous progress of equipment and testing technology, relevant theories and research methods will become increasingly mature and perfect, and carbon isotope tracer will play a greater role.
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