This paper is the result of oil and gas exploration engineering.

Objective The concentrated production area of the Huanxiling Oilfield has experienced severe surface subsidence due to long-term hydrocarbon extraction, posing threats to petroleum production facilities and ground infrastructure. Concurrently, recent utilization of near-depleted oil and gas reservoirs in the Liaohe Oilfield to construct underground gas storage facilities has introduced additional complexity to surface deformation patterns. The seasonal gas injection/withdrawal cycles during peak-shaving operations induce reservoir pressure fluctuations that compound deformation mechanisms.

Methods Using the coherence-based SBAS-InSAR technique, this study processed ascending and descending orbit data from Sentinel-1 satellite, yielding LOS (Line of Sight) deformation for the Huanxiling Oilfield. Using the coherence-based SBAS-InSAR technique, this study processed ascending and descending orbit data from the Sentinel-1 satellite, yielding LOS (Line of Sight) deformation for the Huanxiling Oilfield and 2D vertical and east-west deformation results. Through fitting the InSAR vertical deformation time series results, a seasonal deformation model was constructed to help obtain the seasonal changing law of the study area during the injection and withdrawal activities of the nearby gas storage reservoir.

Results Results demonstrate a maximum subsidence rate of 88.7 mm/a in the intensive extraction zone, with surface deformation exhibiting both persistent subsidence trends and superimposed annual cyclic "subsidence-rebound" oscillations.

Conclusions These findings provide critical insights into the evolution of surface deformation in hydrocarbon production and gas storage. Systematic analysis of the dynamic evolution mechanisms of the Huanxiling Oilfield revealed the deformation patterns, helping predict future deformation, and monitoring real-time reservoir conditions. This study provides a scientific basis for geological risk assessment and resource development.